儿童支气管动脉-肺动脉瘘5例并文献复习

目的分析总结儿童支气管动脉-肺动脉瘘的临床特点,评估CT血管成像(CTA)表现及介入诊疗价值。方法 5例以咯血就诊的支气管动脉-肺动脉瘘患儿,男3例,女2例,中位年龄8.6岁。收集其临床及相关影像学资料,分析本病的CTA征象及介入诊疗过程。结果所有患儿胸部CTA均显示单侧或双侧支气管动脉迂曲扩张,3例支气管动脉、肺动脉分支间相交通;相应肺野内出现片状实变或磨玻璃密度改变。DSA在明确异常交通血管的形态、瘘口的位置后行支气管动脉栓塞治疗。结论对于反复咯血的患儿,CTA有助于排查支气管动脉-肺动脉瘘,并可进一步指导介入治疗。     

肺栓塞合并支气管动脉-肺动脉瘘导致咯血的介入治疗

目的:通过肺动脉、支气管动脉造影分析慢性肺动脉栓塞后咯血的原因,并探讨对其介入治疗的安全性和有效性。材料和方法:CT和导管法肺动脉造影证实的慢性肺栓塞13例,其中伴咯血7例(男性1例,女性6例)。对咯血者进行支气管动脉造影后行支气管动脉栓塞治疗。结果:7例肺栓塞伴咯血者的支气管动脉造影均发现支气管动脉-肺动脉瘘,行支气管动脉栓塞术后咯血消失,短期随访生活质量明显改善。结论:支气管动脉-肺动脉瘘是慢性肺动脉栓塞后咯血的主要原因,行支气管动脉栓塞治疗可有效地控制咯血,并且对肺的血供无明显不良影响。     

118例小儿肾病综合征临床胸部X线分析

１１８例小儿肾病综合征临床胸部Ｘ线分析贾忠贵金伯琛△商朝王春生肾病综合征（ＮＳ）是小儿肾脏病中常见病之一，现收集我院１９９１～１９９４年间经肾脏病科临床，肾穿病理证实为ＮＳ１１８例患儿进行胸部Ｘ线分析，本文病例均符合１９７９，１９８１年全国儿科肾病...     

白塞病的胸部影像学表现

目的分析白塞病累及胸部的临床及影像学表现.材料和方法回顾性分析15例胸部受累白塞病患者的临床及影像表现.影像检查包括X线平片15例,CT 9例,MRI 3例,血管造影6例,肺V/Q显像3例,超声心动图或血管Doppler超声7例.3例患者具有影像随访资料.结果15例中,胸痛、咯血者6例,上腔静脉阻塞综合征4例,余5例无明显胸部症状.影像表现包括肺动脉血栓栓塞3例,肺动脉瘤2例,上腔静脉系统狭窄或闭塞4例,心脏受累4例以及胸腔积液、肺纹理增多等其它非特异表现.结论白塞病累及胸部的表现多样,X线平片常可提示诊断,应作为首选检查;CT和MRI是主要确诊手段;而血管造影应仅限于介入治疗.     

经支气管动脉介入治疗儿童咯血的临床疗效研究

目的探讨经支气管动脉介入治疗儿童咯血的近远期疗效及常见并发症的原因。方法在DSA引导下对10例内科治疗效果不佳的不同原因咯血患儿行支气管动脉、肺动脉造影,并行支气管动脉药物灌注及栓塞治疗;8例患儿栓塞剂用明胶海绵颗粒,2例用明胶海绵条联合弹簧圈。结果 10例患儿均成功手术,其中,支气管动脉栓塞治疗后即刻止血8例;1例咯血明显减少,经内科保守治疗3~5 d后咯血停止;1例咯血减少不明显,经2次栓塞治疗后咯血停止。所有病例均未发生脊髓损伤及异位栓塞等严重并发症。结论支气管动脉介入治疗儿童咯血,具有微创、止血快、疗效好、并发症少等优点,可作为内科保守治疗无效时的首选治疗方法。     

双源CT在急性胸痛诊断和鉴别诊断中的临床价值

目的：探讨双源CT在急性胸痛诊断和鉴别诊断中的临床价值。方法：51例急性胸痛患者行双源CT心脏及胸部血管检查,对图像进行重组并进行诊断,其中36例患者双源CT结果并与血管造影结果进行对比较。结果：所有患者一次心脏和胸部血管双源CT检查即可快速获得清晰的冠状动脉、肺动脉、胸主动脉及胸部其他结构。双源CT诊断冠状动脉狭窄或闭塞26例,其中5例并发急性心肌梗死,1例合并有冠状动脉夹层;肺动脉栓塞7例,胸主动脉夹层、壁间血肿和动脉瘤分别为6例、2例和2例。冠状动脉及胸主动脉双源CT结果与血管造影结果具有良好的一致性。结论：双源CT可以同时清晰地显示心脏及胸部血管,是急性胸痛病因诊断和鉴别诊断的无创、快速、可靠的检查方法。     

儿童肾病综合征的整体护理对策

目的：探讨医院护理及家庭干预的整体护理对小儿肾病综合征的防治效果。方法：对95名患儿住院综合护理及患儿和家长进行出院指导及随访。结果：95例患儿,均获得缓解。单纯性肾病66例复发6例（9.1%）;肾炎性肾病29例复发4例（13.8%）,总的复发率为10.5%。结论：住院的综合护理及出院指导随访的整体护理能提高儿童肾病综合征疗效,对减少复发有重要意义。     

40层螺旋CT在肺动脉栓塞诊断中的应用价值

目的:探讨40层螺旋CT在肺动脉栓塞中的应用价值.方法:使用40层螺旋CT扫描机(Siemens Defination AS 40)对临床初步诊断肺动脉栓塞的38例患者进行研究.采用层厚5 mm行胸部增强扫描.利用3D后处理工作站进行重建为0.75 mm的轴面及多平面重建(MPR).比较层厚5 mm和1mm的轴面图像及MPR图像.结果:CT诊断肺动脉栓塞31例.病变共累计肺动脉260支.对于主肺动脉及肺叶动脉栓塞,3种图像检出结果一致.但对于肺段及亚段肺动脉栓塞的显示,层厚0.75 mm优于5 mm,差异有显著性意义(P<0.01),0.75 mm的MPR与轴面图像间差异无显著性意义(P＞0.05).结论:40层螺旋CT在肺动脉栓塞诊断中具有无创、快速、敏感性高的优点,应当作为肺动脉栓塞的首选检查方法.     

16层螺旋CT血管成像在胸部大动脉急症诊断中的应用价值

急性肺动脉栓塞、急性主动脉夹层是常见的胸部大动脉急症,二者临床症状及生化指标多有重叠,早期明确诊断对降低死亡率、选择合理的治疗方案有重要意义。16层螺旋CT由于其更快的扫描速度、更薄的扫描层面为临床胸部大动脉急症的诊断提供了快速准确的检查手段。     

64排螺旋CT肺动脉成像对肺动脉栓塞的诊断价值

目的 探讨64排螺旋CT肺动脉成像对肺动脉栓塞的诊断价值.方法 回顾性分析18例临床确诊为肺动脉栓塞的CT肺动脉成像资料,所有病例均行64排螺旋CT肺动脉成像,并用最大密度投影(MIP)、多平面重建(MPR)、容积显示(VR)等方法不同角度显示肺动脉.结果 18例肺动脉栓塞中中央肺动脉(主肺动脉及左、右肺动脉)合并肺叶及肺段动脉栓塞2例,肺叶及肺段动脉栓塞13例,段及亚段肺动脉栓塞3例.检出的最大肺动脉血栓直径为29.4 mm,最小栓子直径为1.8 mm.结论 64排螺旋CT肺动脉成像是一种无创性成像方法,在肺动脉栓塞的诊断及治疗中发挥着重要作用.     

Dealing with cancer--conversations with radiotherapy patients

Thirty in-patients treated by radiotherapy were questioned in qualitative interviews about the information they had received from the physicians and their way to deal with the disease and the physicians. Furthermore 18 persons out of this group were accompanied continuously. The confidential relationships between the patients and the author of the study brought about spontaneous conversations showing some new aspects of the way to experience disease and therapy. Despite a poor prognosis and an initially insufficient information, the patients formulated their questions openly. Generally they desired a clearer communication. They criticized above all the lack of information and attention from the physicians. A need for confidence, frankness, and the conveyance of a justified hope was expressed. The physician's stress and resulting lack of time was complained of. During the time of accompanying which lasted several weeks, it became evident that information means a way to deal with the disease to which the patient can make his individual contribution. The majority of questions as well as emotional reactions as fear or depression came from those patients who seemed to be quiet persons.     

Radiochemotherapy with temozolomide for patients with glioblastoma

Background

The objective of this retrospective analysis was to assess long-term outcome and prognostic factors of unselected patients treated for glioblastoma (GB) at a single center with surgery, standard radiotherapy (RT), and concomitant temozolomide (TMZ). From 1999?C2005, the institutional protocol included surgery and RT with TMZ. From 2005 on, adjuvant TMZ was routinely added.

Patients and Methods

Between April 1999 and September 2009, 181 patients with GB were treated with RT (60 Gy in 30 fractions) and concomitant TMZ (75 mg/m²/day throughout RT). Biopsy only had been performed in 53 patients (29.3%), 128 patients (70.7%) had undergone resection, which was complete based on postoperative MRI in 51 patients (28.2%). Adjuvant TMZ was applied in 67 of 181 patients (37%).

Results

Median overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) were 15.0 (95% CI, 13.1?C16.8) and 7.2 months (95% CI, 5.9?C8.5), respectively. After complete resection, partial/subtotal resection and biopsy, median OS was 23.20, 14.75, and 7.89 months (p < 0.001), respectively. In multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression models, extent of resection (p < 0.0001), Karnofsky??s performance score (p < 0.0001) and adjuvant TMZ (p = 0.001) were significant independent prognostic factors for OS. RT with concomitant TMZ was well tolerated in the majority of patients and could be completed as scheduled in 146 patients (80.7%), while 11 patients (6.1%) discontinued RT. Another 35 patients (19.3%) interrupted concomitant chemotherapy.

Conclusion

RT with concomitant TMZ is a feasible regimen with acceptable toxicity in routine practice. Our data are compatible with a beneficial effect of adjuvant TMZ on OS and PFS.     

湿润烧伤膏与手术联合治疗褥疮的护理

目的 :减少溃疡期褥疮的术前准备时间 ,缩短褥疮的总病程。方法 :将 1996年 5月至 2 0 0 2年 5月收住院的 4 2例溃疡期褥疮病人按随机原则分为 2组 ,2 1例术前用湿润烧伤膏纱换药处理 ,为A组 (试验组 ) ;2 1例用庆大霉素紫草油纱布换药处理 ,为B组 (对照组 )。 2组病例的年龄、性别、发病原因、病灶部位、病灶范围等经统计学处理 ,无显著性差别 ,有可比性。两组病人均换药至创面新鲜行皮瓣转移手术 ;比较两组平均术前换药时间 ,及换药 +手术的总住院日。术前术后两组患者均运用护理程序施行整体护理。结果 :A组术前平均换药时间为 8 4 9± 2 2 3天 ,B组为 15 6 0± 6 70天 ;A组平均治愈时间为 2 0 5 0± 4 81天 ,B组为 35 31± 7 70天。结论 :湿润烧伤膏换药与庆大霉素紫草油纱布换药比较 ,前者可明显缩短褥疮手术的术前准备时间及病人的总住院天数。     

Bronchogenic carcinoma: staging with MR compared with staging with CT and surgery

Thirty-three patients suspected of having bronchogenic carcinoma were studied prospectively using magnetic resonance (MR). In this group, 30 underwent examination with computed tomography (CT), 15 underwent thoracotomy, six had mediastinal biopsy procedures performed, and eight underwent bronchoscopy. MR studies, which included transaxial spin-echo imaging (TR, 0.5 and 2.0 sec; TE, 28 and 56 msec) of all patients and sagittal or coronal imaging of 18, were performed without knowledge of CT findings, using only plain radiographs as a guide. CT and MR studies were interpreted separately. CT and MR provided comparable information regarding the presence and size of mediastinal lymph nodes. MR better discriminated mediastinal nodes from vascular structures. However, in two of 11 patients who had multiple mediastinal lymph nodes that were normal in size at CT examination and surgery, MR suggested a confluent abnormal mass, probably because of its poorer spatial resolution. MR was superior to CT in showing enlarged hilar lymph nodes, but CT was better for demonstrating bronchial abnormalities. In three of four patients who had a proved hilar mass with distal obstructive pneumonia, MR (TR, 2.0 sec) helped distinguish between the mass and collapsed lung.     

臭氧治疗船员下肢损伤89例

2006年10月至2007年4月,我科采用引进的德国赫尔曼Medozon型臭氧发生装置系统产生的臭氧治疗船员下肢损伤89例,疗效满意.现报告如下.     

多虑平、雷尼替丁治疗消化性溃疡81例临床观察

1995年 1月～ 1 998年 2月 ,我们采用多虑平、雷尼替丁治疗消化性溃疡 (ＰＵ) ,并与雷尼替丁为对照组进行治疗观察 ,疗效满意 ,现总结报告如下。1　临床资料1 1　一般资料　本组 81例ＰＵ均因上腹痛、返酸、腹胀及食欲不振等症状 ,经胃镜诊断为溃疡活动期患者。病程 2个月～ 5ａ,平均 1 7ａ。伴有焦虑、抑郁及夜眠欠佳等症者59例。随机分为 2组 :治疗组 4 1例 ,男 3 8例 ,女 3例 ;年龄 1 8～ 3 6岁 ,平均 2 4岁。其中胃溃疡 1 1例 ,十二指肠球部溃疡 3 0例。对照组 4 0例 ,男 3 7例 ,女 3例 ;年龄 1 9～ 3 5岁 ,平均 2 4 5岁 ;胃溃疡 1 2…     

Tumor Burden Assessment with Positron Emission Tomography with

Objective: In patients with advanced cancer, total tumor burden affects the likelihood of tumor response and has important implications for prognosis. The aim of this study was to select the optimum 2-[F-18]fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose-positron emission tomography (FDG PET) tumor uptake parameter to accurately measure tumor burden in advanced metastatic renal cell cancer, in comparison with volumes measured with computed tomography (CT), as a reference test.Materials and Methods: Six patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma measurable on CT were studied. CT and FDG PET scans were carried out on all patients within 4 weeks prior to their entry into a phase I-II radioimmunotherapy trial. CT-based evaluation of disease extent (tumor volume) and 4 PET-based measurements (standardized uptake value[SUVmax], SUVav, volume, and total lesion glycolysis [TLG]) were performed independently by a radiologist (VN) and a nuclear medicine physician (TA). The degree of correlation between conventional (CT) extent of disease and parameters describing tumor concentration of FDG was then determined.Results: Fifty-seven CT-measurable metastatic lesions in lung, abdomen, and scalp were evaluated in 6 patients. There was a high correlation between CT and FDG PET volume estimates for lesions greater than 5 cm(3) in size. However, a PET-derived parameter that embodies both FDG uptake and lesion size, the TLG, correlated better with CT-derived tumor volume than did FDG PET volume alone.Conclusion: Using CT volume as a gold standard, the optimal PET-based estimate of total tumor burden in patients with metastatic renal cancer is the sum over all lesions of the total lesion glycolysis.     

MEBO药纱门诊治疗烧(烫)伤71例的体会

作者报道用MEBO药纱敷盖门诊治疗烧（烫）伤71例，均获治愈。经随访1年，深Ⅱ度创面疤痕发生率为15％（3／20），浅Ⅲ度创面疤痕发生率为38．9％（7／18）。