西宁地区健康男性老人返平原后记忆改变的脱适应研究

本文发现西宁地区退、离休健康男性老人返平原后记忆改变的特点为:①瞬时记忆和短时记忆均高于高原地区,感知觉记忆(再认、触摸)低于平原地区。②返平原地区后的记忆状态处于平原与高原之间。     

海拔5380m居住一年及返回平原八个月智力与记忆功能的变化

海拔5000m以上地区居住1年智力与记忆功能的变化我们已有报道（中国心理卫生杂志,1994:8:119）。但返回平原后智力与记忆功能何时能恢复到上高原前的水平,国内尚少报道。我们对驻守喀喇昆仑山海拔5380m同一群体24名官兵在上高原前和在高原居住1年及返回平原（海拔1400m）8个月分别测验了智力与记忆功能,现将结果报告如下。1 对象与方法 测验对象为1992年入伍的汉族男性士兵,平原出生,年龄17～25岁,平均20.2岁。文化程度:高中11人、初中13人。采用龚耀先修订的韦氏成人智力量表（WAIS—RC）简式四合一及韦氏记忆量表甲式。由专业研究人员按全国心理测验协作组规定进行测验。测验时间每日上午8～12时,下午14～18时。2 结果 韦氏成人智力量表测验结果见表1。海拔     

急进高原和高原训练对武警新兵血氧血压综合参数的影响

血氧饱和度（b1ood oxygen saturation,SaO2）是反映机体供氧程度的一项重要指标,也是人体氧转运能力和对低氧适应的重要标志之一。本文以武警新兵为研究对象,观察了急进高原和新兵训练对血氧饱和度的影响,以期为武警新兵高原习服提供新的资料。作者将受试者分为平原男性组、平原女性组、高原男性组和高原女性组。平原男性组分别在平原、     

中药治疗运动员高原反应23例临床观察

目前，随着高原比赛增多，高原训练越来越受到重视．但一些世居平原运动员来高原比赛或训练，常常出现高原反应，如身体疲乏、口干舌燥、手足心热、食欲减退、失眠、心情急燥、头晕等等症状[1]，严重影响训练和比赛成绩。近来笔者采用中药治疗世居平原运动员来高海拔地区比赛或训练后出现高原反应23例，取得了理想疗效，使运动员比赛和训练不受影响，现报告如下：资料方法结果1临床资料：23例运动员中，男性12例，女性11例；年龄最大23岁，最小16岁；病程最长7天，最短4小时。其中出现身体疲乏占20例，口干舌燥占16例．手足心热12例，食欲减…     

返平原后的高原暴露人群记忆功能与操作能力观察

目的 了解移居高原人群返平原后记忆功能与操作能力恢复情况.方法 选择参与青藏铁路二期施工且累计高原居留时间在6个月或以上的员工71人为观察组,选择未参与青藏铁路施工且目前的工作性质、年龄、文化程度等因素与观察组大致相同且三年内通过了国内二级以上医院健康体检的员工80人为对照组.分别对其进行延时口头单词记忆、短时记忆与键盘操作能力测试.结果 各项测定值组间无明显差异(P>0.05);延时口头记忆与键盘操作得分与文化程度呈正相关,与年龄呈负相关,前者还与性别呈正相关,即女性得分优于男性;短时记忆得分与年龄呈正相关,与文化程度呈负相关.三项指标与高原海拔、高原居留时间、返平原时间等高原相关因素均无相关性.结论 返回平原31~61个月的高原暴露人群其注意力/反应速度、手工操作敏捷度、感知-运动速度、视感知/记忆等指标已经恢复到同龄未上高原人群的水平.     

高原环境对男性官兵精液质量的影响及与弱精子症发生的相关性研究

目的 了解高原环境对男性精液质量的影响及与弱精子症发生的相关性.方法 对男性高原组部队官兵(青藏高原平均海拔4523 m)200例及男性平原组部队官兵(平原海拔平均80 m)200例进行男性精液质量研究.进一步对环境(高原组、平原组)、年龄、留驻时间等因素与弱精子症发病进行相关性研究,探索高原环境对该疾病发生的影响.结果 高原组精液体积、精子总数、精子密度、精子存活率、前向运动PR、精子总活力显著低于平原组(P<0.001).与平原组比较,高原组精子平均曲线速率(velocity of cuvi linear,VCL)、直线速率(velocity of straight line,VSL)、平均轨道速度(velocity of average path,VAP)、平均角位移(mean angular displacement,MAD)、运动的直线性(linearity,LIN)、运动的前向性(straightness,STR)、运动的摆动性(wobble,WOB)、头侧摆振幅(amplitude of lateral head displacement,ALH)、平均鞭打频率(beat cross frequency,BCF)在各组间均有统计学意义(P<0.05).相关性研究显示,环境与弱精子症相关(r=-0.725,P<0.001).结论 高原环境对男性精液质量具有一定的影响,男性官兵弱精子症发病与环境显著相关,高原环境是男性官兵弱精子症发病的重要因素.     

高原低氧对精液质量影响及复方党参干预效果

平原人进入高原后低氧环境对生理机能的影响已有较多研究和报道,但长期在高原工作和生活的平原人精液质量的变化及其返回平原后的恢复情况报道较少。本研究旨在探讨移居高海拔地区男性青年精液质量的变化及返回平原后的恢复情况,以及复方党参胶囊的干预效果。作者选取驻防海拔5200m某边防哨卡一年的男性未婚青年37人,年龄（19．7±1．23）岁为高原组。     

西宁地区老年前期老年健康人记忆的研究

本文应用修订后韦氏成人记忆量表,对西宁地区(海拔2260m)89名健康老年前期、老年人进行记忆测验。结果表明:①随年龄的增长而记忆渐减。②老年人记忆同样受文化程度的显著影响。③中高原地区老年人记忆比平原地区老年人减退更明量。     

高原地区老年抑郁症临床特点研究

目的：研究高原地区≥60岁老年抑郁症的临床特点。方法：选用青海大学附属医院、青海第三人民医院门诊和住院老年抑郁症患者150例,并引用尹秀茹、罗国军等南京脑科医院老年精神病住院病人124例进行比较分析。结果：两组老年抑郁症女性患者明显高于男性,病前大多数都有社会和心理因素。遗传因素对老年人影响相对较小,躯体不适、焦虑、疑病是老年抑郁症的共性。自杀观念、自杀行为低于平原组,差别有非常显著性（P〈0．001）,迟滞高于平原组,差别有非常显著性（P〈0．001）,激越低于平原组,差别有显著性（P〈0．05）。而睡眠障碍、记忆力下降在高原地区老年抑郁症中较为突出。结论：高原地区老年抑郁症与平原地区老年抑郁症不同,高原地区更易出现心境抑郁和迟滞,但激越、自杀观念和自杀行为却明显低于平原。     

高原与平原中青年冠心病患者冠脉病变与危险因素的比较

目的 探讨高原中青年冠心病患者冠状动脉病变情况和危险因素.方法 纳入经冠脉造影确诊的128例高原和同期收治的85例平原中青年（年龄≤50岁）冠心病患者,对两组患者的冠脉病变情况和心血管危险因素进行比较分析.结果 两组中青年冠心病患者均以男性为多,前降支受累率最高,侧支循环少见.高原组冠脉多支（≥2支）病变比例较平原组显著增加（P＜0.05）,冠脉中重度狭窄和闭塞病变的比例也较平原组显著增加（P＜0.05或P＜0.01）.高原组高血压、血脂异常和血糖异常的比例均显著高于平原组（P＜0.05或P＜0.01）;平原组肥胖和精神抑郁的比例显著高于高原组（P＜0.05或P＜0.01）;两组患者的性别构成比、吸烟史和家族史无显著差异.结论 高原中青年冠心病患者比平原患者合并高血压和糖脂异常的比例更高,且冠脉多支病变和重度狭窄的比例也更高.     

高原、平原、高原返回平原健康中、老年人听觉脑干诱发电位(ABR)的研究

本工作研究不同海拔地区,健康中、老年人ABR测试。结果:平原组和返回组ABR各波的出现率高于高原组。高原组ABR各波潜伏期和波间期均值都比返回组和平原组延长,甚至P值都有差异性。ABR测试老年性耳聋有波及I～V波间期延长,在高海拔地区此种改变更为明显。反映了听觉感受器官老化,说明与高原缺氧有关。     

Cerebral oxygenation in awake rats during acclimation and deacclimation to hypoxia: an in vivo electron paramagnetic resonance study

Exposure to high altitude or hypobaric hypoxia results in a series of metabolic, physiologic, and genetic changes that serve to acclimate the brain to hypoxia. Tissue Po(2) (Pto(2)) is a sensitive index of the balance between oxygen delivery and utilization and can be considered to represent the summation of such factors as cerebral blood flow, capillary density, hematocrit, arterial Po(2), and metabolic rate. As such, it can be used as a marker of the extent of acclimation. We developed a method using electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) to measure Pto(2) in unanesthetized subjects with a chronically implanted sensor. EPR was used to measure rat cortical tissue Pto(2) in awake rats during acute hypoxia and over a time course of acclimation and deacclimation to hypobaric hypoxia. This was done to simulate the effects on brain Pto(2) of traveling to altitude for a limited period. Acute reduction of inspired O(2) to 10% caused a decline from 26.7?±?2.2 to 13.0?±?1.5?mmHg (mean?±?SD). Addition of 10% CO(2) to animals breathing 10% O(2) returned Pto(2) to values measured while breathing 21% O(2,) indicating that hypercapnia can reverse the effects of acute hypoxia. Pto(2) in animals acclimated to 10% O(2) was similar to that measured preacclimation when breathing 21% O(2). Using a novel, individualized statistical model, it was shown that the T(1/2) of the Pto(2) response during exposure to chronic hypoxia was approximately 2 days. This indicates a capacity for rapid adaptation to hypoxia. When subjects were returned to normoxia, there was a transient hyperoxygenation, followed by a return to lower values with a T(1/2) of deacclimation of 1.5 to 3 days. These data indicate that exposure to hypoxia results in significant improvements in steady-state oxygenation for a given inspired O(2) and that both acclimation and deacclimation can occur within days.     

长期移居高海拔地区健康中、老年人返回平原后的心血管X线测量分析

本文对长期移居高海拔地区（２２６１ｍ）退休后返回平原（苏州）居住的健康中、老年人７２名进行心血管Ｘ线测量分析并与苏州地区健康中、老年人７１名进行比较，两组结果无显著差异。说明机体在高原低氧环境下所形成的代偿性肺动脉高压等一系列改变在返回平原后经过脱适应机制可复原至平原地区健康老年人水平。     

久居高原健康居民重返平原后心电图变化的观察

目的:研究久居高原居民重返平原后心电图(ECG)的变化,了解其脱离高原环境后右心室占优势的情况是否得到扭转.方法:对240名久居高原(海拔2261m～4200m)健康居民(年龄50岁～84岁)重返平原后进行了ECG检查,主要测定了右心室电压,并对右心室肥厚(RVH)作出诊断.同时与197名平原同龄人进行了对比.结果:返...     

进驻海拔4 300m地区对青年心肺X线的影响

目的:探讨进驻海拔4 300m地区对青年心肺X线的影响.方法:对进驻海拔4 300m地区一年及返回平原一年的同一群体168名青年在高原现场拍摄正、侧位X线胸片并与上高原前相比较.结果:上高原一年后心脏长径及心脏面积缩小,差别有高度显著性(P＜0.01);心脏宽径,心脏深径及心脏体积增加,差别有高度显著性(P＜0.01);右心房宽径,右心房高径、左室壁厚度、肺面积、升主动肺横径、主动脉结横径、肺动脉干横径、肺动脉段突度及右肺下动脉横径增加,差别均有高度显著性(P＜0.01).返回平原一年后,以上各X线指标较上高原前均增大,差别有显著性(P＜0.05).结论:进驻海拔4 300m地区对进驻青年心肺血管形态影响较大,返回平原一年后难以恢复到上高原前水平.     

The efficacy of plain films vs MRI in the detection of scaphoid fractures

An investigation was carried out to determine whether or not professionals perceived plain film radiography to be the ‘gold-standard’ in the detection of scaphoid fractures. Literature highlighted that plain film radiography was an unreliable method for detecting such fractures and that magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) should now be regarded as the new ‘gold-standard’.Using a quantitative method, a total of 100 postal questionnaires were sent out to radiologists in 20 different imaging departments throughout the United Kingdom (UK) asking them their opinion on this controversial subject. In addition, the investigation looked into the use of MRI within each department in trying to determine whether or not it was surpassing plain film radiography as an established practice for detecting scaphoid fractures.Of the 100 questionnaires that were sent out, a total of 45 were returned from a total of 13 different departments.The results of this investigation conclude that plain film radiography is still used as a primary imaging modality to detect scaphoid fractures in all departments. There was much support for the use of plain film radiography with the modality being praised time and time again for its ease, 24-h availability, low cost and reproducibility.MRI was acknowledged as being superior in its capability to detect scaphoid fractures in comparison to plain films; its current use, however, is limited owing to high costs, lack of availability and long waiting lists. It would appear from this study that MRI is regarded as a useful modality in cases whereby plain film radiography fails to detect the presence or absence of a fracture in clinically positive patients, with great future potential.     

高原驻训士兵返回平原后高原脱适应症与训练倦怠的关系研究

目的：探讨高原驻训士兵返回平原后高原脱适应症发生率及与训练倦怠之间的关系。方法抽取驻疆某部高原驻训返回平原1周后140名士兵作为调查对象,采用自编士兵训练倦怠问卷方式进行测评,分有、无高原脱适应症状两组,比较两组训练倦怠间的差异性,同时分析高原脱适应症与训练倦怠的相关性。结果①高原驻训士兵返回平原后脱适应症发生率为80．00％,与高原维稳部队返回平原后脱适应症状发生率78．36％（χ2＝0．188,P＝0．664）、高原移居者返回平原后脱适应症发生率75．10％（χ2＝1．279, P＝0．258）均无显著性差异。疲倦（12．86％）、头晕（11．43％）、乏力（10．00％）位居高原脱适应症状前3位。②有高原脱适应症状士兵训练倦怠总分及身心耗竭、训练疏离得分显著高于无高原脱适应症状士兵（ P＜0．01）。体质量超重士兵高原脱适应症发生率显著高于体质量正常士兵（P＜0．05）。③进入高原驻训士兵返回平原后,高原脱适应症与训练倦怠的回归方程（P＜0．01）为：训练倦怠＝0．498×高原脱适应症－0．126×年龄＋0．038×军龄＋0．069×文化程度＋0．029×体质指数。结论高原驻训士兵返回平原后高原脱适应症与训练倦怠存在一定程度的关联性,减少高原脱适应症的发生,有助于降低训练倦怠程度。     

Intracranial meningiomas

Summary Fifty patients with intracranial meningiomas underwent plain and contrast-enhanced examinations with CT and MRI. Each of the MR studies consisted of three plain (T1, proton density and T2-weighted) and a post-contrast series (0.1 mmol Gd-DTPA/kg body weight). All techniques (plain CT, plain MRI, contrastenhanced CT, contrast-enhanced MRI) proved to be highly efficient as regards tumour detection: depending on the technique, an intracranial lesion was demonstrated in 47–50 cases. The image contrast was assessed as good or excellent in 21 cases having plain CT and in 33 cases having plain MRI, but in 46 and 50 of the contrast-enhanced CT and MRI studies respectively. Adequate tumour delineation was achieved in 18 cases with plain CT, in 35 cases with plain MRI and in 46 and 50 cases of the contrast-enhanced CT and MRI examinations. The contrast-enhanced studies proved to be superior to the plain CT and MRI studies as regards image contrast and tumor delineation. Because of the methodological advantages of the MRI technique, contrast-enhanced MRI was judged to be slightly superior to contrast-enhanced CT.     

进驻海拔5000m以上地区对青年心肺X线的影响

目的探讨进驻海拔5 000 m以上地区对青年心肺X线的影响。方法对进驻海拔5 000 m以上地区1年及返回平原1年的同一群体144名青年在高原现场拍摄正、侧位X线胸片并与上高原前相比较。结果上高原1年后心脏长径及心脏面积缩小,差别有高度显著性(P<0.001);心脏宽径,心脏深径及心脏体积增加,差别有高度显著性(P<0.001);右心房宽径,右心房高径、左室壁厚度、肺面积、升主动脉横径、主动脉结横径、肺动脉干横径、肺动脉段突度及右肺下动脉横径增加,差异均有高度显著性(P<0.001)。返回平原1年后,以上各X线指标较上高原前均增大,差异有高度显著性(P<0.01)。结论进驻海拔5 000 m以上地区对进驻青年心肺血管形态影响较大,返回平原1年后难以恢复到上高原前水平。