Posterior Fracture-Dislocation of the Shoulder

Abstract Background: Posterior dislocations of the shoulder are rare and comprise between 1% and 4% of all reported cases of shoulder dislocations. Most of them are caused by seizures. Patients and Methods: Between 1990 and 2000, 17 patients with 20 posterior fracture-dislocations were treated in the authors’ institution. The group consisted of twelve males and five females with a mean age of 50 years (range 29–77 years). In three patients, posterior four-part fracture-dislocations were found, one of them bilateral. One of the four-part fractures was treated by minimal osteosynthesis, in two patients with three four-part fractures, hemiarthroplasties were performed. In two patients with posterior locked dislocations, closed reduction under medical sedation proved successful. The others were reduced under general anesthesia. Results: During the follow-up period of 2.5 years on average, no recurrent dislocation was observed. The worst functional outcome was seen in patients after hemiarthroplasty. One patient was lost to follow-up. Results were evaluated according to the score by Rowe & Zarins. 16 patients with 19 shoulders afflicted could be followed up. In 15.8% (n = 3) excellent results were found, in 31.6% (n = 6) the outcome was good and in 36.8% (n = 7) fair, and in 15.8% (n = 3) poor results were observed. Conclusion: If the humeral head’s impression zone encounters < 20% of the articular surface, closed reduction is possible. If the impression zone is bigger, open reduction, fixation of the subscapular tendon into the defect, and fixation of the lesser tuberosity are recommended. In patients with subcapital fracture-dislocations of the humeral head, hemiarthroplasty should be performed.     

Treatment of proximal humerus fractures in the elderly

Background and purpose — There is no consensus on the treatment of proximal humerus fractures in the elderly.

Patients and methods — We conducted a systematic search of the medical literature for randomized controlled trials and controlled clinical trials from 1946 to Apr 30, 2014. Predefined PICOS criteria were used to search relevant publications. We included randomized controlled trials involving 2- to 4-part proximal humerus fractures in patients over 60 years of age that compared operative treatment to any operative or nonoperative treatment, with a minimum of 20 patients in each group and a minimum follow-up of 1 year. Outcomes had to be assessed with functional or disability measures, or a quality-of-life score.

Results — After 2 independent researchers had read 777 abstracts, 9 publications with 409 patients were accepted for the final analysis. No statistically significant differences were found between nonoperative treatment and operative treatment with a locking plate for any disability, for quality-of-life score, or for pain, in patients with 3- or 4-part fractures. In 4-part fractures, 2 trials found similar shoulder function between hemiarthroplasty and nonoperative treatment. 1 trial found slightly better health-related quality of life (higher EQ-5D scores) at 2-year follow-up after hemiarthroplasty. Complications were common in the operative treatment groups (10–29%).

Interpretation — Nonoperative treatment over locking plate systems and tension banding is weakly supported. 2 trials provided weak to moderate evidence that for 4-part fractures, shoulder function is not better with hemiarthroplasty than with nonoperative treatment. 1 of the trials provided limited evidence that health-related quality of life may be better at 2-year follow-up after hemiarthroplasty. There is a high risk of complications after operative treatment.     

Outcomes of acute but not delayed reverse total shoulder arthroplasty for proximal humerus fracture are equal to those for rotator cuff arthropathy

BackgroundThe utilization of reverse total shoulder arthroplasty (RTSA) for the treatment of proximal humerus fractures in the elderly is increasing. Recent results support the use of RTSA for this indication over hemiarthroplasty or open reduction internal fixation (ORIF). However, there are limited data on the outcomes of RTSA for fracture or fracture sequelae as compared to RTSA for cuff tear arthropathy (CTA). We hypothesized that patients undergoing RTSA for fracture or fracture sequelae would have worse outcomes compared to patients undergoing RTSA for CTA.MethodsThis was a retrospective analysis of a prospectively collected outcomes database of all patients undergoing shoulder arthroplasty at a single institution between 2008 and 2019. Patients were included if they underwent primary RTSA for a diagnosis of acute fracture, fracture nonunion or malunion, failed hemiarthroplasty or ORIF for proximal humerus fracture, or rotator cuff arthropathy. The primary outcome was American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES) score at the most recent follow-up, with minimum 1-year follow-up. Secondary outcomes included range of motion (ROM) at most recent follow-up, patient satisfaction with surgery, and revision or reoperation rates. Analysis of variance was used to compare continuous variables between the groups, while chi-square or Fisher's exact test were used to compare categorical variables. Linear regression analysis was used to perform multivariable analysis. Prosthesis survival rates were calculated using Kaplan-Meier survival analysis. Significance was defined as P< .05.ResultsThere were 287 patients included in the final cohort, including 62 with fracture and 225 with CTA. Sex, diagnosis, increasing patient comorbidities, and diagnosis (malunion/nonunion and failed prior surgery) were associated with worse ASES scores on univariate analysis (P < .05). On multivariate analysis, there was no difference in outcomes (ASES and ROM) between the acute fracture and CTA cohorts (P > .05). Outcomes of delayed RTSA for malunion/nonunion and hemiarthroplasty/ORIF were significantly worse than those for acute fracture/CTA (P < .01). Three-year prosthesis survival was 95% for CTA, 97% for acute fracture, 97% for malunion/nonunion, and 78% for failed prior surgery.ConclusionTreatment of acute proximal humerus fractures with RTSA leads to similar improvements in patient outcomes compared to elective treatment for CTA, but outcomes of delayed RTSA for fracture are considerably worse. These findings provide further guidance to clinicians counselling patients on treatment options and outcomes for proximal humerus fractures.Level of evidenceLevel III; Retrospective comparative study     

Open Reduction and Internal Fixation of Proximal Humerus Fractures with a Cannulated Blade Plate

Objective Internal fixation of proximal humerus fractures with an implant assuring rotational and angular stability to restore form and function of the glenohumeral joint. Indications Proximal humerus fractures: two- and three-part fractures, meta- and diaphyseal fractures of the proximal second fifth. Contraindications Comminuted fractures of the humeral head. Proximal humerus fractures in children. Surgical Technique Anterior approach. Blunt dissection of the deltopectoral interval, retracting the cephalic vein medially. Judicious exposure of the fracture site and reduction of the fracture. A 90° blade plate opened up to 110–120° is inserted from anterolateral immediately proximal to or through the subcapital fracture gap. The blade of the blade plate is introduced into the proximal half of the humeral head. In the presence of an avulsion of the greater tuberosity, a wire cerclage is added. Results Between June 1998 and December 1999, we treated 20 patients (eight men, twelve women, age 65–92 years) and assessed them prospectively. All fractures were closes (AO types 11-A3 n = 8, 11-B1 n = 5, 11-B2 n = 3, 11-B3 n = 1, and 11-C2 n = 3). Loosening of plates was seen in three patients and a blade perforation in one, all requiring a revision (revision with plate blade twice, shoulder hemiarthroplasty once, early implant removal once). Five patients passed away, and two were too old to undergo a follow-up examination. The Constant score in 13 patients performed after 8 (7–10) months reached 62/100 (opposite shoulder 92/100). This corresponds to a satisfactory outcome.     

缝线辅助锁定钢板治疗老年肱骨近端骨折的病例对照研究

目的：探讨应用缝线辅助锁定钢板治疗老年肱骨近端骨折的临床疗效.方法：自2005年1月至2013年1月,收治老年肱骨近端3、4部分骨折55例,分为治疗组和对照组.治疗组31例,采用缝线辅助锁定钢板治疗,其中男12例,女19例;年龄65～85岁,平均（74.00±5.42）岁;NeerⅢ型19例,Ⅳ型12例;低能量损伤23例,高能量损伤8例.对照组24例,采用锁定钢板治疗,其中男7例,女17例;年龄65～85岁,平均（72.79±5.34）岁;NeerⅢ型16例,Ⅳ型8例;低能量损伤17例,高能量损伤7例.记录并比较两组患者的手术时间、术中出血量、骨折愈合时间,术后采用Neer评分评价肩关节功能恢复情况.结果：55例均获随访,时间6～24个月,平均16.1个月.治疗组平均出血量（495.806±143.150） ml;Neer评分中的功能（22.645±2.443）分,活动范围（18.194±2.613）分,解剖（7.935±1.504）分,总分77.161±8.335.而对照组平均出血量（641.667±169.851） ml;Neer评分中功能（13.955±1.989）分,活动范围（13.083±2.165）分,解剖（5.500±1.978）分,总分58.792±7.313.以上指标比较,治疗组结果均优于对照组.结论：采用缝线辅助锁定钢板治疗老年肱骨近端骨折,具有术中出血少、复位简单有效、术后肩关节功能恢复效果更好的优点,是治疗老年肱骨近端骨折的有效方法.     

Surgical treatment for acute and displaced proximal humerus fractures in elderly patients: hemiarthroplasty vs. reverse shoulder arthroplasty

BackgroundProximal humerus fractures (PHFs) are the third most common fractures in elderly patients. The best treatment option on this population is still a topic of discussion. Reverse shoulder arthroplasty (RSA) has increased popularity as a viable treatment option for these fractures. Yet, few studies demonstrate the risk factors for mortality after this procedure.MethodsThe authors present a retrospective study including patients older than 75 y with acute and displaced PHFs primarily treated with RSA or hemiarthroplasty in a public hospital between January 2004 and January 2020. The exclusion criteria were pathologic fractures and more than 6 weeks to surgery. Survival curves were obtained using the Kaplan-Meier method and the log-rank test was performed to compare survival rates.ResultsA total of 73 patients met the inclusion criteria. The mean age at the time of fracture and surgery was 78 y old, 10 males and 63 females, with a median clinical follow-up of 64 months (standard deviation 34). Forty-one patients (56%) had an American Society of Anesthesiologists score of 2. Twenty-eight patients were submitted to hemiarthroplasty and 45 to RSA. Regarding hemiarthroplasty, only one patient with hemiarthroplasty died within a year, and the 5 y survival rate was 70%. Concerning to RSA group, five patients died within a year, and the survival rate at 5 y was 66.2 %. The American Society of Anesthesiologists score (P < .001) was the only risk factor identified for mortality at 5 y. Hemiarthroplasties had more prosthetic loosening compared with RSA (P = .024). Three hemiarthroplasties were converted to RSA, and we verified 1 RSA infection. In the group of hemiarthroplasties, 56% returned to their normal daily living activities, while in the RSA 92% did that, representing a significant difference (P = .007).ConclusionRSA as a primary treatment for displaced PHFs had a high survival rate (88.9% at 1 year and 66.2% at 5 y) and better functional results comparing to patients treated with hemiarthroplasty. With proper patient selection, RSA is a safe procedure for the treatment of PHF, especially in an elderly population.     

A network meta-analysis of multiple modalities for the treatment of complex proximal humeral fractures in older adults

ObjectiveFour principal treatment modalities are applied to treat complex proximal humeral fractures in older adults: conservative treatment, open reduction internal fixation, hemiarthroplasty, and reverse shoulder arthroplasty. However, among these, the optimal treatment modality has yet to be determined. Therefore, a network meta-analysis was carried out to compare treatment modalities and assess their effectiveness.MethodsThe databases PUBMED, EM-BASE, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Web of Science, and CNKI were searched for randomised controlled trials on complex proximal humeral fractures in older people, ranging from inception of each database to May 2023.ResultsThis meta-analysis included 14 randomised controlled trials, containing 791 patients aged over 60 years who were treated for complex proximal humeral fractures. Reverse shoulder arthroplasty and hemiarthroplasty yielded the highest Constant shoulder scores, whilst conservative treatment performed poorly. Hemiarthroplasty and open reduction internal fixation yielded the best performances on the visual analogue pain scale, whilst conservative treatment performed poorly. Reverse shoulder arthroplasty and open reduction internal fixation allowed for maximum forward flexion and outreach of range of motion, whilst hemiarthroplasty allowed for the least. Open reduction internal fixation and reverse shoulder arthroplasty allowed for maximum internal rotation of the range of motion, whilst conservative treatment allowed for the least. Hemiarthroplasty and conservative treatment allowed for maximum external rotation of the range of motion, whilst open reduction internal fixation allowed for the least.ConclusionCompared with open reduction internal fixation, reverse shoulder arthroplasty yields better Constant shoulder scores and allows for greater forward flexion and outreach of range of motion of the shoulder joint in complex proximal humerus fractures in older patients. Meanwhile, hemiarthroplasty yields the best visual analogue scale scores and allows for maximum external rotation of the range of motion. However, open reduction with internal fixation remains the preferred clinical treatment for complex proximal humeral fractures in older patients.     

Die Humeruskopfmehrfragmentfraktur – Versorgung mit einer Humeruskopfprothese?

Background

Proximal humerus fractures are one of the most common fractures in elderly patients. In the treatment of complex proximal humerus fractures, primary hemiarthroplasty is still discussed controversially. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the results of primary hemiarthroplasty in the treatment of proximal humerus fractures with a modular prosthesis (EPOCA, Fa. Argomedical, Gifhorn, Germany).

Material and methods

A prospective study of 24 patients with complex humerus fracture (NEER: IV/4, V/4, VI/4, and head split fracture) was performed from August 2000 to December 2002. Mean age was 75.6 years (range: 52–92); 18 patients were seen for follow-up after 0.5 and 1 year, respectively. The Constant-Murley score (max. 100 points) and the UCLA Rating System (max. 35 points) were calculated for functional assessment of the operated shoulder.

Results

Fifteen patients (83%) were pain free 1 year after the operation. The Constant-Murley score improved from 52 (±17) to 56 (±18) at the second follow-up after 1 year. On the contralateral side a score of 86 (±10) was assessed (p<0.05 vs operated side). Correspondingly, shoulder function according to the UCLA Rating System improved [25 (±4); 27 (±5)].

Conclusions

Osteoporotic bone of older patients often may not permit stable internal fixation of complex proximal humerus fractures. In these situations primary hemiarthroplasty is the treatment of choice.     

Hemiarthroplasty versus reverse total shoulder arthroplasty for acute proximal humerus fractures in elderly patients

Proximal humerus fractures are the third most common fracture in elderly patients. Hemiarthroplasty has been the treatment of choice in patients with bone quality and fracture patterns not amenable to open reduction and internal fixation. Reverse total shoulder arthroplasty is a newer option that appears to be less dependent on tuberosity healing than hemiarthroplasty. The authors hypothesized that reverse total shoulder arthroplasty provides improved functional outcomes compared with hemiarthroplasty for fractures in elderly patients.A retrospective review was performed of all patients treated with arthroplasty for acute proximal humerus fractures in an orthopedic practice using a Current Procedural Terminology code search, patient charts, and radiographs. Validated outcome scores were used to assess satisfaction, function, and general well-being. Twenty-three patients were treated for acute proximal humerus fractures (11 reverse total shoulder arthroplasties and 12 hemiarthroplasties). Three patients were lost to follow-up, and 6 patients were deceased. Mean follow-up was 3.6 years (range, 1.3-8 years). Reverse total shoulder arthroplasty outperformed hemiarthroplasty with regard to forward flexion, American Shoulder and Elbow Society score, University of Pennsylvania shoulder score, and Single Assessment Numerical Evaluation score.Reverse total shoulder arthroplasty is a reliable option for acute, proximal humerus fractures that are not amenable to closed treatment or reconstruction in elderly patients. Improved functional outcomes when compared with hemiarthroplasty must be balanced against the increased cost and limited life expectancy of patients with this injury.     

Acute hemiarthroplasty after proximal humerus fracture in old patients: A retrospective evaluation of 18 patients followed for 2-7 years

We evaluated the outcome of acute shoulder hemiarthroplasty in 18 patients following displaced three-and four-part fractures of the proximal humerus. The mean age of the patients was 82 (70-92) years and the average follow-up time was 3.5 (2-7) years. No revision due to loosening was performed. All patients were evaluated concerning activities of daily living, degree of pain (VAS-scale, 0-100 mm) and range of motion. The patients had a low functional level, but were able to sleep on the operated side and keep up their hobby. 11 patients were painfree and the worst pain recorded was 28 mm. Range of motion for all movements, except extension, was statistically significant lower than for the non-operated side. We conclude that in elderly patients acute hemiarthroplasty following three- or four-part fractures of the proximal humerus results in good pain relief, but a more limited range of motion than that reported for younger patients.     

Bone quality measured by the radiogrammetric parameter “cortical index” and reoperations after locking plate osteosynthesis in patients sustaining proximal humerus fractures

Aim  To analyse the radiogrammetric parameter “cortical index” (CI) and its predictive value for proximal humerus fractures. Furthermore, to investigate the reoperations and the cause of reoperations after locking plate osteosynthesis of displaced proximal humerus fractures. Patients and methods  113 consecutive patients (73 women and 40 men) with a median age of 66 years (range 18–100 years) were included in this study. The median follow-up time in our database was 4.7 years (range 45–72 months). For a comparative matched-group analysis of the CI, patients with a fall on the shoulder without fracture were selected. Demographic data and all reoperations were recorded after median 58 months postoperatively. The CI was measured at the proximal humeral diaphysis. Results  The CI showed to be significant lower in the fracture group (mean 0.28) when compared to the matched group (mean 0.47, p < 0.01). 39% patients underwent a reoperation within 40 months postoperatively. 24% were reoperated within the first 12 months postoperatively, and 15% were reoperated after 12 months or later. The reoperation was independent of bone quality (p = 0.85). Conclusions  The risk for reoperation is independent of the CI even though the CI may be a predictor for proximal humerus fracture. Younger patients should be aware that surgical treatment of proximal humerus fractures might be a two-stage surgery. Regular follow-up visits for older patients during the first postoperative year must be assured.     

Intercondylar fractures of the distal humerus treated with the triceps-reflecting anconeus pedicle approach

Introduction: Treatment choice for displaced, intercondylar fractures of the distal humerus is open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) through a posterior approach. The triceps-reflecting anconeus pedicle (TRAP) approach, combination of modified Kocher and Bryan-Morrey has been described as a conservative surgical exposure for fixation of the complex intercondylar fractures. Materials and methods: Eleven patients with intercondylar fractures of the humerus operated with this approach were reviewed. The mean follow-up was 26 (14–40) months. The aetiology of injuries was mostly fall on the elbow. There were five females and six males and the average age of the patients was 58.3 years (range 16–70 years). Results: According to Müller et al.’s classification; five were Type C1, four were Type C2 and, two were Type C3. At the final follow-up; Type C1 and C2 fractures had a ROM of 116° (range 95°–140°) and, Type C3 fractures had a ROM of 85° which showed limitation of elbow motion. Average humerotrochlear angle is 93.4° (range 90°–98°). Two patients had transient n.ulnaris paraesthesia and one had heterotopic ossification. Conclusion: Our results demonstrate that TRAP approach is extensile enough in treating these complex fractures however both articular reconstruction and fixation can be easily managed without creating an olecranon fracture. No significant triceps weakness and dysfunction was observed after TRAP approach in the treatment of the intercondylar fractures of the humerus. Preliminary results of this study was presented at the 6th European Trauma Congress in Prague, Czech Republic on 16-19 May 2004. An erratum to this article can be found at     

Reverse shoulder prosthesis as revision surgery after fractures of the proximal humerus, treated initially by internal fixation or hemiarthroplasty

Complex (3–4 fragments) fractures of the proximal humerus often have a bad outcome, whatever treatment is performed. When revision surgery is required, reverse shoulder prosthesis can improve function and reduce pain in these patients. We analysed whether the choice of the first treatment (hemiarthroplasty vs. reduction and fixation) can influence the outcome of revision surgery. Our data demonstrate that results are not significantly dependent on the choice of the first implant, even though there is a tendency for patients with previous hemiarthroplasty to have a worse outcome.     

Shoulder hemiarthroplasty for acute fractures of the proximal humerus: a minimum five-year follow-up

Significant discrepancy in the functional outcome of hemiarthroplasty for proximal humerus fractures has been reported with short or mid-term follow-up. This study reports the long-term results and rate of complications of shoulder arthroplasty in the treatment of proximal humerus fractures. The review comprised 57 patients (44 women, 13 men) who underwent hemiarthroplasty between 1976 and 1996 as treatment of a proximal humerus fracture and who had a minimum 5-year follow-up (mean, 10.3 years). The mean patient age was 66 years at the time of surgery (range, 23-89 years). According to a modified Neer result rating system, results were satisfactory in 27 patients and unsatisfactory in 30. The mean active elevation was 100 degrees (range, 20 degrees -180 degrees ) and external rotation was 30 degrees (range, 0 degrees -90 degrees ). At the most recent follow-up, 9 patients (16%) had moderate or severe pain and 2 required implant revision or removal. The study data suggest that patients undergoing arthroplasty as treatment of an acute fracture of the proximal humerus may achieve satisfactory long-term pain relief; however, the result for overall shoulder motion is less predictable. In view of these results, current indications, surgical technique, and postoperative treatment may need to be revisited.     

Hemiarthroplasty for Humeral Head Fractures

Abstract Objective: Replacement of the fractured humeral head with a modular prosthesis. The procedure aims at an adequate reconstruction of shape and function of the shoulder. Indications: Displaced three- and four-part fractures of the proximal humerus that cannot be reduced and internally fixed. Contraindications: Fracture can be reduced and adequately internally fixated. Noncompliant patient. Surgical Technique: In beach-chair position, the fractured humeral head is removed via a deltopectoral approach. The Aequalis modular fracture prosthesis can be positioned by two methods: (i) a fracture jig optimizing height and retroversion of the prosthesis, (ii) under additional intraoperative fluoroscopy. Healing of the tuberosities can be promoted by cancellous grafts taken from the fractured head. These are fixed by four heavy sutures running horizontally and two sutures running vertically. Results: 13 out of 22 patients treated by primary hemiarthroplasty (within 10 days after the fracture) and 34 out of 50 patients treated by secondary arthroplasty could be assessed after a mean follow-up of 40 (15–70) and 44 (8–98) months, respectively. The absolute Constant score amounted to 45 and 50 points, respectively, and the relative score to 56% in both groups. The majority of patients was free of pain or suffered less pain than before the operation (secondary arthroplasty; p < 0.001). In contrast to these, only satisfactory, objective results, self-assessment was good or better than before (secondary prostheses; p < 0.001). In both groups, prognostic factors were the size and position of the tuberosities (p < 0.001). The following is a reprint from Operat Orthop Traumatol 2004;16:1–27 and continues the new series of articles at providing continuing education on operative techniques to the European trauma community. Reprint from: Operat Orthop Traumatol 2004;16:1–27 DOI 10.1007/s00064-004-1091-1     

Application of pre-contoured anatomic locking plate for treatment of humerus split type greater tuberosity fractures: A prospective review of 68 cases with an average follow-up of 2.5 years

ObjectivesAlthough various implants exist for 3- and 4-part proximal humerus fractures, few implants are appropriate for humerus split type greater tuberosity fractures. The goal of this study was to assess the efficacy of pre-contoured anatomic locking plate for humerus split type greater tuberosity fractures.MethodsA retrospective review of 68 patients with humerus split type greater tuberosity fractures treated with open reduction and internal fixation using anatomic locking plates between January 2014 and October 2016. Postoperatively, patient radiographs, functional results, and complications were reviewed.ResultsAll patients got a mean follow-up of 30.5 months (range 14–46 months). Average fracture healing time was 9.4 weeks (range, 8–14 weeks). Overall mean Constant score was 86.8% (range, 70%–96%). The result was rated as excellent in 25 patients (Constant score: 92.1%), good in 38 patients (Constant score: 85.3%) moderate in 5 patients (Constant score: 71.8%) and poor in 0 cases. The excellent-good rate was 92.6%. No recurrence of dislocation occurred in the 30 cases with shoulder dislocation. All fractures healed without the complications of wound infection, subacromial impingement syndrome, nonunion, secondary displacement, and implant loosening.ConclusionPre-contoured anatomic locking plate is a reliable option in treating humerus split type greater tuberosity fractures as it provides stable fixation with an early return to function. The surgical technique is easy and efficient.     

肱骨近端骨折肱骨头置换假体高度的控制

目的:评估利用大结节骨折片复位的方法,确定肱骨近端骨折肱骨头置换假体高度的临床疗效。方法:回顾性研究2015年1月至2019年12月收治并获得随访的肱骨近端骨折患者,符合肱骨头置换指征19例,男7例,女12例;左侧8例,右侧11例;年龄58~84(71.5±5.8)岁;受伤至手术时间3~18(7.9±4.3) d。根据Neer分型,3部分骨折伴脱位2例,4部分骨折17例,其中伴肱骨头脱位6例,肱骨头劈裂2例。19例采用组配式肱骨头假体,在手术过程中,试复位肱骨大结节骨折块,确定肱骨大结节顶点到肱骨标记点的距离,以此距离作为假体高度的标准。术后1年采用Constant-Murley评分,美国加州大学洛杉矶分校(University of California,Los Angeles,UCLA)肩关节评分评价肩关节功能状况及患者满意度。结果:19例均获随访,时间12~58(31.9±14.2)个月。测量手术后上臂长度26~32 cm,双侧比较误差<0.5 cm。术后3个月肩关节正侧位X线片示骨折均愈合。术后1年Constant-Murley评分(80.8±8.9)分,UCLA评分(27.9±4.8)分。术后1年患者满意度89.5%(17/19)。结论:肱骨近端骨折肱骨头假体置换手术过程中,试复位肱骨大结节骨折块,确定肱骨大结节顶点到肱骨标记点的距离,以此距离确定假体高度,方法简单准确,临床效果良好。     

Hemiarthroplasty for three- and four- part displaced fractures of the proximal humerus in patients over 65 years of age

This is a prospective case series, in which the outcome of shoulder hemiarthroplasty in recent three- and four-part fractures of the proximal humerus was evaluated in patients over 65 years of age. From February 1993 to October 2002, 51 patients with 3- or 4-part fractures of the proximal humerus were entered into the study. The criteria for inclusion were age over 65 years and 3- or 4- part displaced fracture. The mean age of the patients was 73 years (range: 65 to 84). The mean follow-up was 5.5 years (range: 2 to 12). According to the Constant-Murley scale, the results were satisfactory or very satisfactory for 74% of the patients. Thirty nine patients (78%) experienced mild or no pain, 50% achieved active anterior elevation greater than 120 degrees, while 40% had active lateral elevation of more than 120 degrees. None of the patients experienced complete recovery of strength and full range of motion. Thirty four patients were able to resume all their daily activities. There were complications in 26% of the patients. Assessment following the Constant-Murley scale demonstrated that two thirds of the patients were pain free and regained a wide range of shoulder movement, while one third resumed their pre-fracture activities to a great extent. The majority of the patients did not recover normal strength.     

反球型人工肩关节置换术治疗合并肩袖损伤的老年粉碎性肱骨近端骨折

目的:探讨采用反球型人工肩关节置换术治疗老年粉碎肱骨近端骨折的临床疗效。方法:自2017年1月至2017年12月治疗12例老年粉碎性肱骨近端骨折或骨折-脱位患者,根据术前MRI检查以及术中直视下检查确认肩袖损伤诊断,采用反球型人工肩关节假体置换手术治疗。其中男7例,女5例;年龄65～86岁;左侧受累5例,右侧受累7例。观察患者肩关节活动度及术后并发症情况,采用VAS评分评价疼痛缓解程度,并采用UCLA评分评价肩关节功能恢复情况。结果:12例患者术后获得随访,时间8～18个月。末次随访时患者肩关节活动度:前屈上举90°～150°,外旋为5°～30°,内旋平均为L_3水平(S_1水平～L_1水平)。VAS疼痛评分为0～6分,UCLA评分为18～32分,其中良5例,差7例。所有患者术后均无感染、假体松动、肩峰应力骨折、神经血管损伤等并发症发生。结论:合并肩袖损伤的老年粉碎肱骨近端骨折采用反球型人工肩关节置换术治疗,术后早期肩关节活动范围恢复良好,疼痛较轻,患者满意度高。