肝细胞腺瘤36例临床分析

目的 探讨肝细胞腺瘤(HCA)的准确诊断及合理治疗方法.方法 回顾性分析近3年来收治的36例HCA患者的临床、病理、影像学资料及治疗效果.结果 大多数HCA患者无明显症状,血清学检查正常.病理显示局部癌变1例,瘤内出血坏死19例,其中1例肿瘤破裂出血至腹腔.大多数病灶CT、MRI增强扫描后动脉期病灶均匀强化,门静脉、延迟期造影剂退出.手术切除疗效确切.结论 HCA无特异性临床表现,CT、MRI增强扫描对HCA有较高的诊断价值;因其可发生破裂出血及癌变,故对怀疑HCA者手术切除是首选的治疗方法.     

肝细胞腺瘤10例诊治分析

目的 探讨肝细胞腺瘤(HCA)的准确诊断及合理治疗方法.方法 对10例HCA病人进行回顾性分析并做文献综述.结果 多数HCA病人无明显症状,血清学检查正常.病理显示11个病灶中有2个存在局部恶变,3个存在不典型增生.多数病灶影像检查有特征性表现.手术切除疗效确切.结论 HCA无特异性的临床表现,影像检查对HCA有较高的诊断价值;怀疑HCA者不建议穿刺活检,积极的手术切除是较好选择.     

肝细胞腺瘤的诊治

目的 探讨肝细胞腺瘤(hepatocellular adenoma,HCA)的诊断和治疗经验.方法 回顾性分析我院1990年1月至2007年4月收治的18例HCA患者的临床、病理和影像学资料.结果 男女比例为11:7,1例女性患者有口服避孕药史.33%(6/18)的患者表现为右上腹不适或右上腹痛.CT和MRI增强扫描显示不规则出血或脂肪变性,多数病灶动脉期均匀强化,门脉期及延迟期造影剂退出.全部患者均经手术完整切除肿瘤.10例病灶内有出血表现,2例病理检查发现癌前病变.术后随访至2007年12月均存活无复发.结论 国内HCA多为自发性,且与口服避孕药无关,增强扫描有一定特异表现.手术完整切除肿瘤是首选的治疗方法,且预后良好.     

肝细胞腺瘤的诊断与治疗：附1例报告并文献复习

目的:探讨肝细胞腺瘤(HCA)的临床特点、影像学表现及其鉴别诊断,以期对其进行准确诊断和治疗。方法:回顾性分析收治的1例HCA患者资料,并复习相关文献。结果:术前影像学检查提示肝右叶占位性病变,肿瘤标志物均阴性,血清γ-谷氨酰转移酶升高。行肝脏V及部分VIII段切除,病理诊断为肝右叶HCA。术后随访2个月,患者恢复良好,复查实验室指标、腹部CT未见异常。结论:HCA为一种少见的肝脏良性肿瘤,常无明显临床症状,术前CT和MRI增强扫描能提高该病诊断率。考虑到HCA有出血倾向及癌变可能,手术切除是其主要的治疗方式,且预后良好。     

肝细胞腺瘤47例的诊断与外科治疗

目的 总结肝细胞腺瘤(hepatocellular adenoma,HCA)的诊断与外科治疗经验.方法 回顾性分析1989-2009年收治的47例HCA患者的临床资料.结果 本组47例肝细胞腺瘤均为单发病变,术前确诊7例(14.9％),误诊为其他性质的肝占位病变40例(85.1％),最后诊断经术中快速冰冻病理切片或术后病理证实,术前误诊率高达85.1％,其中误诊肝癌11例,肝血管瘤10例,局灶性结节增生14例,肝占位性质待查5例.术前经B超、CT、MRI、DSA等影像检查,只能提示肝占位病变,最后确诊仍需手术探查和病理检查.本组47例HCA均无明确诱因,均采取手术治疗,分别行局部切除、肝段、肝叶或半肝切除术.为预防复发或恶变,切缘距瘤体边缘1.0cm以上.本组术后随访45例,随访率达95.7％,随访6年患者均存活,未见肿瘤复发.结论 HCA临床少见,术前误诊率高,手术切除是HCA惟一有效的治疗方法,预后良好.     

主动脉弓部瘤及降主动脉瘤的手术治疗

目的总结主动脉弓部瘤及降主动脉瘤的外科治疗经验.方法13例主动脉弓部瘤及降主动脉瘤病人中男8例,女5例.年龄(62.6±8.3)岁.动脉瘤的最大直径为45～68?mm,平均(58.1±7.3)?mm.体外循环方式有完全体外循环、部分体外循环、选择性脑灌注(SCP)、深低温停循环(HCA)及逆行性脑灌注(RCP).6例弓部动脉瘤及3例急性StanfordA型夹层动脉瘤在HCA和SCP下行全弓部置换术;1例StanfordB型夹层动脉瘤在HCA和RCP下行血管置换;3例真性降主动脉瘤中,2例在部分体外循环下,1例在HCA下行血管置换,其中2例行肋间动脉重建.采用的外科吻合技术有开放吻合和阻断瘤体两侧进行吻合两种.结果本组无手术死亡及脊髓损伤.发生2例脑梗塞,无肾功能不全者.结论主动脉弓部瘤及降主动脉瘤手术时,体外循环方式的选择和适当的外科吻合技术是手术成功的两个最重要因素.     

肝细胞腺瘤和肝腺瘤病11例诊治分析

目的 探讨肝细胞腺瘤(hepatocellular adenoma,HCA)及肝腺瘤病(liver adenomatosis,LA)的临床表现、治疗方法和预后.方法 回顾性分析经手术治疗的10例HCA及1例LA患者的临床资料.结果 本组女性发病居多,共7例(63.6％),1例女性肝腺瘤病患者有口服避孕药病史.全组中位发病年龄33(范围25～70)岁.多数无临床症状(72.7％).肿瘤标记物CA19-9和甲胎蛋白(AFP)正常.超声造影、CT及磁共振(MRI)增强扫描多提示病灶动脉期强化,门脉期、延迟期去强化.组织病理提示10例为单发病灶,诊断HCA,其中1例肿瘤细胞轻度异型及不典型增生,1例存在细胞不典型增生,1例细胞生长活跃;另外1例为多发病灶,细胞存在异型,诊断肝腺瘤病.11例患者均经手术切除,经随访21～125个月,无复发.结论 HCA患者多无明显临床表现,肝脂肪变性可能为HCA和LA的共同病因,口服避孕药物可能为LA的病因.动态影像学检查有助于诊断,HCA有病灶破裂出血及癌变危险,首选手术治疗,预后良好.     

伴有消化道出血的十二指肠间质瘤的临床分析

目的探讨伴有出血的十二指肠间质瘤的临床特征及外科治疗效果。方法回顾性分析2007年8月—2011年5月收治的6例以上消化道出血为临床表现的十二指肠间质瘤的临床资料。结果患者以上消化道出血为主要症状,病变部位以降部和球部多见,分别经内镜、上消化道钡餐及上腹CT检查确诊。免疫组化检测示:CD117阳性6例,CD34阳性4例,S-100均为阴性,Dog1阳性5例。所有患者均行手术切除肿瘤,术后恢复良好。结论消化道出血可以是十二指肠间质瘤主要的临床表现并往往是其首发症状,合理选择内镜及影像学检查可以提高检出率。早期根治性手术是首选的治疗方法。组织病理学及免疫组化检查是确诊手段。     

单孔腹腔镜诊治腹膜假性黏液瘤2例报道

目的探讨腹膜假性黏液瘤的诊断与治疗方法。方法对中国医科大学附属盛京医院2014和2015年收治的2例腹膜假性黏液瘤患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果 2例患者经其他检查均未明确诊断,后在单孔腹腔镜探查中明确诊断。手术切口长度为2~3 cm,手术操作时间均约为30 min,术中均无明显出血,术后均只使用非甾体类抗炎止痛药物1次。2例患者均在术后6 h下床活动,24 h内排气,48 h内恢复至术前的生命体征平稳、饮食睡眠正常及可自主活动的状态。结论腹膜假性黏液瘤临床少见,组织来源不定,无特异性临床表现,常规检查诊断较为困难,单孔腹腔镜在腹膜假性黏液瘤的诊断与治疗中具有明显的优势。     

双气囊小肠镜对小肠出血部位的诊断价值

目的探讨双气囊小肠镜对小肠出血手术定位的临床应用价值。方法回顾性分析2003年6月至2005年12月间行双气囊小肠镜检查并行手术探查的56例小肠出血患者的临床资料。将术前小肠镜诊断结果与术中检查所见加以比较,并随访手术治疗的效果。结果54例(96%)经术前双气囊小肠镜检查发现出血病灶,其中53例(95%)术前的病灶定位与术中发现的病变部位基本一致,4例定性诊断不一致,1例手术探查未发现病灶。间质瘤是本组患者中导致小肠出血的最常见病因。结论双气囊小肠镜对小肠出血术前定位具有可靠的临床价值。     

Brain tumors manifesting as intracranial hemorrhage.

The clinical course and computed tomographic (CT) findings of 23 patients with brain tumors manifesting as tumoral hemorrhage were reviewed. The most common symptoms were headache and clouding of consciousness. A CT finding of a lesion located next to a solid or irregular clot indicated intratumoral hemorrhage. Precontrast CT demonstrating an indent on the hematoma surface was a valuable indicator of tumoral hemorrhage. A CT finding of accumulated levels of blood/fluid or a hyperdense mass containing small hematoma indicated intratumoral hemorrhage, and obscure hyperdensity indicated intratumoral hemorrhagic infarction. Such findings were often difficult to distinguish from spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage due to other factors. The incidence of rebleeding from residual tumors was high, carrying a very poor prognosis, so radical removal of brain tumors with hemorrhage is very important.     

Intratumoral extramedullary hematopoiesis in solitary fibrous tumor of the breast

Extramedullary hematopoiesis (EMH) is most often associated with underlying hematologic disorders, such as myeloproliferative neoplasms and thalassemia. EMH in the setting of solitary fibrous tumor (SFT) is exceedingly rare, with only 3 cases reported to date in the English literature. Herein, we describe our experience with a unique case of SFT arising in the breast with intratumoral foci of EMH in a 57‐year‐old woman who presented with an incidentally found right axillary mass on routine screening mammography. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported case of mammary SFT with concurrent intratumoral EMH.     

Anaplastic transformation of thyroid cancer: review of clinical,pathologic, and molecular evidence provides new insights into disease biology and future therapy

BACKGROUND: Anaplastic thyroid cancer ranks among the most lethal of all human malignancies. Its rarity and rapidly fatal course have made it a difficult cancer to both study and treat. Unfortunately, there has been little progress in the management and control of this malignancy. Anaplastic transformation, or the intratumoral evolution of anaplastic carcinoma from pre-existing differentiated thyroid cancer, has become a well-accepted process, despite a limited understanding of its underlying mechanisms. METHODS: It is through review of the literature that an understanding of the aggressive disease biology can be developed. The aim of this review is to evaluate the relevant clinical, pathologic, and molecular studies to develop an insight into the mechanisms that underlie the intratumoral molecular evolution of anaplastic thyroid carcinoma. RESULTS/CONCLUSION: It is based on an understanding of this process that effective treatments for this aggressive malignancy are currently being developed.     

Intratumoral injection of plastic adhesive material for removal of cavernous sinus hemangioma. Technical note

The authors present a case in which a cavernous sinus (CS) hemangioma was totally removed following intratumoral injection of a plastic fixation material. This unique method is extremely useful for the removal of CS hemangiomas, which often feature massive intraoperative bleeding as an unsolved problem.     

Combination docetaxel plus vitamin D(3) as an immune therapy in animals bearing squamous cell carcinomas.

OBJECTIVE: Background tumor growth results in the mobilization of immune inhibitory CD34(+) progenitor cells. However, vitamin D(3) can differentiate the CD34(+) cells into immune stimulatory dendritic cells. This study determined if docetaxel treatment could increase the impact of the vitamin D(3) to generate dendritic cells. METHODS: The murine squamous cell carcinoma model, SCC VII/SF, which is often used as a head and neck cancer model, was used to determine the immunological effects of two cycles of docetaxel plus vitamin D(3). RESULTS: Vitamin D(3) with or without docetaxel was similarly effective in reducing CD34(+) cell levels within the spleen, lymph nodes, and tumor. Dendritic cell levels were similarly enhanced in the lymph nodes by vitamin D(3) alone or combined with docetaxel. However, the combination treatment caused a prominent increase in intratumoral levels of active T cells, which was not observed by the individual treatments. CONCLUSION: Incorporating docetaxel treatment with vitamin D(3) differentiation-inducing treatment enhances intratumoral immune responsiveness.     

Isolated limb perfusion for local gene delivery: efficient and targeted adenovirus-mediated gene transfer into soft tissue sarcomas

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the potential of isolated limb perfusion (ILP) for efficient and tumor-specific adenovirus-mediated gene transfer in sarcoma-bearing rats. SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA: A major concern in adenovirus-mediated gene therapy in cancer is the transfer of genes to organs other than the tumor, especially organs with a rapid cell turnover. Adjustment of the vector delivery route might be an option creating tumor specificity in therapeutic gene expression. METHODS: Rat hind limb sarcomas (5-10 mm) were transfected with recombinant adenoviruses. Intratumoral luciferase expression after ILP was compared with systemic administration, regional infusion, or intratumoral injection using a similar dose of adenoviruses carrying the luciferase marker gene. Localization studies using lacZ as a marker gene were performed to evaluate the intratumoral distribution of transfected cells after both ILP and intratumoral injection. RESULTS: Intratumoral luciferase activity after ILP or intratumoral administration was significantly higher compared with regional infusion or systemic administration. After ILP, luciferase gene expression was minimal in extratumoral organs, whether outside or inside the isolated circuit. Localization studies demonstrated that transfection was confined to tumor cells lying along the needle track after intratumoral injection, whereas after ILP, lacZ expression was found in viable tumor cells and in the tumor-associated vasculature. CONCLUSIONS: Using ILP, efficient and tumor-specific gene transfection can be achieved. The ILP technique might be useful for the delivery of recombinant adenoviruses carrying therapeutic gene constructs to enhance tumor control.     

Heterogeneity of gene expression profiles in head and neck cancer

BACKGROUND: Results of gene expression profiling studies from different institutes often lack consistency. This could be due to the use of different microarray platforms and protocols, or to intratumoral heterogeneity in mRNA expression. The aim of our study was to quantify intratumoral heterogeneity in head and neck cancer. METHODS: Forty-four fresh frozen biopsies were taken from 22 patients, 2 per tumor. RNA was extracted, tested for quality, amplified, labeled, and hybridized to a 35k oligoarray. RESULTS: Unsupervised clustering analyses using all genes, the most variable genes, or random gene sets showed that 80% to 90% of biopsy pairs clustered together. A within-pair-between-pair scatter ratio analysis showed that the similarity between matching pairs was significantly greater than that between random pairs (p <.00001). CONCLUSIONS: Two biopsies from the same tumor show far greater similarity in gene expression than biopsies from different tumors, supporting the use of 1 biopsy for expression profiling.     

Ossified frontosphenoorbital meningioma en plaque, mimicking extensive hyperostosis

Small intratumoral calcifications are often seen within meningioma, but ossification of the whole neoplasm is very rare. The case of an ossified frontosphenoorbital meningioma en plaque is presented. The radiological appearance resembled extensive hyperostosis extending from the anterior clinoid process to the cerebral convexity and falx cerebri. It is possible that, in some cases of meningioma, the identified "hyperostosis" represents partial ossification of the tumor itself.     

Intratumoral hemorrhage from a posterior fossa tumor after cardiac valve surgery--case report.

A 53-year-old woman suffered intracranial hemorrhage from a cerebellar tumor several days after aortic valve replacement. Surgical intervention was not performed because the patient refused blood infusion for religious reasons (Jehovah's Witness). Instead, the anticoagulation therapy was interrupted for a week, and the patient was conservatively treated with administration of mannitol and steroid. The anticoagulation therapy was restarted 7 days after the hemorrhage. The intratumoral hemorrhage did not recur, and no systemic embolism occurred. The tumor was treated with gamma knife radiosurgery 6 weeks after the hemorrhage, under the radiological diagnosis of meningioma. Anticoagulation therapy is routinely used for patients following cardiac surgery to decrease the risk of thromboembolic complications, but also increases the risk of hemorrhagic events which often involve the central nervous system. Temporary discontinuation of anticoagulation therapy is an option for intratumoral hemorrhage in patients with replacement heart valves, and patients with known brain tumors should be informed about the risk of intracranial hemorrhage before cardiac surgery.