旋复代赭汤促胃肠动力作用的实验研究

目的：研究旋复代赭汤对小鼠胃肠动力的作用及其作用机制。方法：通过整体动物实验与离体器官实验相结合,整方实验和拆方实验相结合,多层次综合研究与分析旋复代赭汤的促胃肠动力作用及其作用机制。结果：旋复代赭汤能促进正常状态的小鼠胃排空,对其小肠推进无明显影响;能够拮抗芬氟拉明、左旋麻黄碱、多巴胺引起的小鼠胃空抑制和小肠推进减慢;对阿托品引起的胃排空抑制有拮抗作用,对其造成的小肠推进减慢无明显影响;不能拮抗     

胃肠舒泰颗粒对大鼠胃泌素含量及小鼠胃肠运动功能的影响

目的 :观察胃肠舒泰颗粒对阿托品引起的小鼠胃排空及小肠推进功能抑制作用的影响 ,对正常大鼠血清胃泌素 (GAS)含量的影响。方法 :ICR小鼠 12 0只 ,胃排空实验、小肠推进实验各选 6 0只 ,分别随机分为 6组 ,即阴性对照组、模型对照组、胃肠舒泰颗粒小、中、大剂量组与普瑞博思组 ,以阿托品为抑制剂 ,观察各组胃排空及小肠推进率。SD大鼠 5 0只 ,分 5组 ,观察胃肠舒泰颗粒对大鼠血清 GAS含量的影响。结果 :胃肠舒泰颗粒可促进阿托品抑制的小鼠胃排空率及小肠推进率 ,并可增加正常大鼠血清 GAS的相对含量。结论 :胃肠舒泰颗粒对阿托品引起的小鼠胃排空及小肠推进功能抑制有良好的拮抗作用 ,同时具有升高动物血清 GAS含量的作用 ,这可能是其治疗胃肠动力障碍性疾病的药理学基础。     

芍药甘草汤,四逆散对胃排空及小肠推进功能影响的拆方研究

采用葡聚糖蓝２０００为胃肠内标记物，就芍药甘草汤、四逆散对小鼠胃排空及小肠推进功能的影响，进行了拆方研究。结果表明，芍药甘草汤及甘草有明显抑制胃排空及小肠推进功能的作用，甘草为方剂中的抑制成分，芍药可加强其对胃排空的抑制作用；四逆散及其组成药物柴胡，柴胡枳实合煎及分煎合用，均有明显增强胃排空及小肠推进功能的作用。柴胡枳实合煎的增强作用明显大于分煎合用，且此二味药为四逆散中的增强成分。进而又以钡放射法证明了，柴胡枳合煎剂有明显增强功能性消化不良患者胃排空及小肠推进功能的作用。     

旋复代赭汤治疗吐逆症的经验

旋复代赭汤是“降气”法中的首要方剂,多年来笔者用此方加减治疗吐逆症,疗效显著,介绍如下。一、方剂组成旋复花三钱人参二钱生姜四钱代赭石三钱甘草二钱半夏三钱大枣四钱     

九节菖蒲水提液对小鼠胃肠运动的作用

目的观察九节菖蒲水提液对小鼠胃肠运动的影响并探讨其作用机制。方法采用肠内炭末推进试验法,观察不同剂量的九节菖蒲水提液对以新斯的明、阿托品、无负荷为实验模型的小鼠胃肠运动的影响。结果九节菖蒲水提液各剂量组能抑制无负荷小鼠胃排空,中、高剂量组能促进无负荷小鼠小肠推进,且随剂量增加愈显著;九节菖蒲水提液高剂量组能协同新斯的明促进小肠推进,中、高剂量组拮抗新斯的明抑制胃排空;九节菖蒲水提液各剂量组能拮抗阿托品促进小肠推进,高剂量协同阿托品抑制胃排空。结论九节菖蒲水提液对胃肠道的影响与其平滑肌细胞膜上M胆碱能受体有关。     

槲皮素对胃肠运动的影响及其机制

目的:研究槲皮素对小鼠离体结肠收缩活动以及胃排空、肠推进的影响, 探讨槲皮素作用于胃肠道的药理学机制.方法:将昆明小鼠随机分为对照组、槲皮素组(低、中、高剂量)、阿托品组、新斯的明组、阿托品加槲皮素组以及新斯的明加槲皮素组. 采用紫外分光光度计测量葡聚糖蓝-2000在小鼠胃内色素残留率及小肠各肠段色素残留率, 观察槲皮素对小鼠胃排空及小肠推进功能的影响. 采用TSD125C型张力传感器及MP150放大器测量结肠平滑肌收缩与舒张的幅度.结果:槲皮素能够抑制正常小鼠胃排空及小肠推进, 高剂量槲皮素组胃残留量与对照组比较差异显著(27.10%±3.25% vs 12.79%±3.30%, P <0.01), 对照组葡聚糖蓝-2000主要集中在小肠后段, 槲皮素组葡聚糖蓝-2000主要集中在小肠前段. 槲皮素可加强阿托品对小肠推进抑制作用, 但对阿托品抑制胃排空的作用没有影响(胃残留量:28.35%±17.36% vs26.64%±14.91%, P >0.05); 他能够拮抗新斯的明引起的胃排空(胃残留量:10.28%±4.84%vs 1.86%±1.01%, P <0.01)及推进小肠亢进. 槲皮素对小鼠离体结肠具有舒张作用, 且随着槲皮素的浓度升高, 槲皮素(0.25-50 μmol/L)舒张作用增强. 槲皮素的舒张作用与NO途径及PKC途径无关.结论:槲皮素具有舒张胃肠平滑肌的作用.     

益气活血方对小鼠胃肠运动的影响

为探讨益气活血方对改善胃动力障碍的作用机理，取体重１８～２２ｇ昆明种小鼠９０只，分为３个给药组与其对应的３个对照组，分别观察益气活血方对正常小鼠、药物作用下小鼠、腹部术后小鼠胃肠推进运动的影响。结果表明益气活血方对正常小鼠、新斯的明作用下小鼠、腹部术后小胃肠推进运动有不同程度的抑制作用，而对阿托品引起的小鼠无明显影响。表明该方对整体下小鼠胃肠运动可呈双向调节作用。     

力胃颗粒对胃肠动力的影响

目的 观察力胃颗粒对实验动物胃肠动力的影响。方法 通过测定力胃颗粒对动物胃排空、肠推进及胃内压力的影响,研究其促胃肠动力作用．给小鼠ig饲料糊,观察力胃颗粒ig对胃排空率的影响;给小鼠ig炭末,观察力胃颗粒ig对肠推进率的影响;给小鼠ip盐酸多巴胺导致小鼠胃排空延迟,观察力胃颗粒ig对胃内酚红残留率的影响;给小鼠ip盐酸多巴胺导致小鼠肠胃反流,观察力胃颗粒id对胃内酚红残留率及肠胃反流量的影响;利用胃内安置水囊法观察力胃颗粒id对胃内压的影响。结果 力胃颗粒10g／kg及5g/kg可显著抑制小鼠饲料糊胃排空,胃排空率分别为(43．8±13,9)％及(44．7±20．2)％,与空白对照组(61.4±12．9)％比,均P     

胃肠舒泰颗粒对小鼠肠推进和大鼠胃液分泌及对在体兔肠平滑肌的影响

目的：观察胃肠舒泰颗粒(胃肠舒泰)对正常小鼠大肠推进和对吗啡引起的小鼠小肠推进功能抑制的影响，以及对正常大鼠胃液分泌和在体兔肠平滑肌的影响。方法：昆明小鼠110只，对小鼠大肠推进及对吗啡引起的小肠推进，分别随机分为5及6组：阴性对照组、(模型对照组)和胃肠舒泰小、中、大剂量组与普瑞博思组，观察各组大肠推进率及以吗啡为抑制剂的小肠推进率；SD大鼠50只，分5组，观察该药对大鼠胃液分泌的影响；大耳白兔40只，观察该药对在体兔肠平滑肌的影响。结果：胃肠舒泰可促进正常小鼠大肠推进率，不能拮抗吗啡引起的小鼠小肠推进，可升高正常大鼠胃蛋白酶排出量及增强兔肠平滑肌运动的频率与幅度。结论：胃肠舒泰具有促胃肠动力作用，并可升高正常大鼠胃蛋白酶排出量，这可能是其治疗胃肠动力障碍性消化不良疾病的药理学基础之一。     

健胃消胀片对胃肠系统药理作用研究

[目的]研究健胃消胀片对胃肠系统的药理作用。[方法]建立盐酸乙醇致大鼠胃黏膜损伤模型和幽门结扎大鼠模型,测定小鼠小肠对碳末的推进率和小鼠胃对酚红液的排空率,观察健胃消胀片对胃黏膜保护、胃液分泌、小肠推进及胃排空的作用。[结果]健胃消胀片对盐酸乙醇所致大鼠胃黏膜损伤有保护作用,对幽门结扎大鼠有抑制胃酸分泌作用,对正常小鼠小肠推进有促进作用,与阳性对照组比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05),但显著高于正常对照组(P0.01或0.05);健胃消胀片对胃排空无明显影响(P0.05)。[结论]健胃消胀片能保护胃黏膜、抑制胃酸分泌、促进小肠运动。     

Hydrogen sulfide-induced enhancement of gastric fundus smooth muscle tone is mediated by voltagedependent potassium and calcium channels in mice

AIM:To investigate the effect of hydrogen sulfide(H2S)on smooth muscle motility in the gastric fundus.METHODS:The expression of cystathionineβ-synthase(CBS)and cystathionineγ-lyase(CSE)in cultured smooth muscle cells from the gastric fundus was examined by the immunocytochemistry technique.The tension of the gastric fundus smooth muscle was recorded by an isometric force transducer under the condition of isometric contraction with each end of the smooth muscle strip tied with a silk thread.Intracellular recording was used to identify whether hydrogen sulfide affects the resting membrane potential of the gastric fundus in vitro.Cells were freshly separated from the gastric fundus of mice using a variety of enzyme digestion methods and whole-cell patch-clamp technique was used to find the effects of hydrogen sulfide on voltage-dependent potassium channel and calcium channel.Calcium imaging with fura-3AM loading was used to investigate the mechanism by which hydrogen sulfide regulates gastric fundus motility in cultured smooth muscle cells.RESULTS:We found that both CBS and CSE were expressed in the cul tured smooth muscle cel ls from the gastric fundus and that H2S increased the smooth muscle tension of the gastric fundus in mice at low concentrations.In addition,nicardipine and aminooxyacetic acid(AOAA),a CBS inhibitor,reduced the tension,whereas Nω-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester,a nonspecific nitric oxide synthase,increased the tension.The AOAA-induced relaxation was significantly recovered by H2S,and the Na HS-induced increase in tonic contraction was blocked by 5 mmol/L4-aminopyridine and 1μmol/L nicardipine.Na HS significantly depolarized the membrane potential and inhibited the voltage-dependent potassium currents.Moreover,Na HS increased L-type Ca2+currents and caused an elevation in intracellular calcium([Ca2+]i).CONCLUSION:These findings suggest that H2S may be an excitatory modulator in the gastric fundus in mice.The excitatory effect is mediated by voltagedependent potassium and L-type calcium channels.     

Effects of magnolol and honokiol derived from traditional Chinese herbal remedies on gastrointestinal movement

AIM: To study the effects of magnolol and honokiol on isolated smooth muscle of gastrointestinal tract and their relationship with Ca2+, and on the gastric emptying and the intestinal propulsive activity in mice. METHODS: Routine experimental methods using isolated gastric fundus strips of rats and isolated ileum segments of guinea pigs were adopted to measure the smooth muscle tension. The effects of magnolol 10-3,10-4,10-5 mol/L, and honokiol 10-4, 10-5,10-6 mol/L on the contractility of gastric fundus strips of rats and ileum of guinea pigs induced by acetylcholine (Ach) and 5-hydroxvtryptamine (5-HT) was assessed respectively. The method using nuclein and pigment methylene blue was adopted to measure the gastric retention rate of nuclein and the intestinal propulsive ratio of a nutritional semi-solid meal for assessing the effect of magnolol and honokiol (0.5, 2, 20 mg/kg) on gastric emptying and intestinal propulsion. RESULTS: Magnolol and honokiol significantly inhibited the contractility of isolated gastric fundus strips of rats treated with Ach or 5-HT and isolated ileum guinea pigs treated with Ach or CaCI2, and both of them behaved as non-competitive muscarinic antagonists. Magnolol and honokiol inhibited the contraction induced by Ach in Ca2+-free medium and extracellular Ca2+-dependent contraction induced by Ach. Each group of magnolol and honokiol experiments significantly decreased the residual rate of nuclein in the stomach and increased the intestinal propulsive ratio in mice. CONCLUSION: The inhibitory effect of magnolol and honokiol on contractility of the smooth muscles of isolated gastric fundus strips of rats and isolated ileum of guinea pigs is associated with a calcium-antagonistic effect. Magnolol and honokiol can improve the gastric emptying of a semi-solid meal and intestinal propulsive activity in mice.     

Comparative study in the effect of C-type natriuretic peptide on gastric motility in various animals

AIM: To investigate the effect of natriuretic peptides on gastric motility in various animals, and the effect of C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP) on spontaneous contraction of gastric smooth muscle in rat, guinea-pig and human in vitro was compared.METHODS: Spontaneous contraction of gastric smooth muscle was recorded by four channel physiograph.RESULTS: In the guinea-pig and rat gastric antral circular smooth muscle, CNP markedly decreased the amplitude of spontaneous contraction but it didn't affect the frequency,however, the contractile activity was completely inhibited by CNP in gastric antral longitudinal smooth muscle. In the human gastric antral circular and longitudinal smooth musie, CNP completely inhibited spontaneous contraction. In the circular smooth muscle of guinea-pig and rat gastric fundus,CNP obviously decreased the amplitude of spontaneous contraction but it didn't affect the frequency, however, the contractile activity was completely inhibited by CNP in smooth muscle of fundus longitudinal. In the circular and longitudinal smooth muscle of guinea-pig gastric body, CNP at first induced a relaxation and then an increase in amplitude of spontaneous contraction (rebound contraction), but the frequency was not changed. After the circular smooth muscle of gastric body was pretreated with atropine, an M receptor blocker, the rebound contraction was abolished; In circular and longitudinal smooth muscle of rat gastric body, CNP induced a transient and slight relaxation and successively followed by the recovery in amplitude of spontaneous contraction but it also didn't affect the frequency. After the smooth muscle was pretreated with atropine, the transient and slight relaxation was replaced by long term and complete inhibition; The percentage of CNP-induced inhibition was 76.77±6.21% (fundus), 67.21±5.32 % (body) and 58.23±6.21% (antral) in the gastric circular muscle, however, the inhibitory percentage was 100±0.00 % (fundus), 68.66±3.55 % (body) and 100±0.00 % (antrum) in the gastric longitudinal smooth muscle of guinea-pigs; In the rat, the percentage of CNP-induced inhibition was 95.87±4.12 %(fundus), 94.91±5.08 % (body) and 66.32±7.32 % (antrum)in the gastric circular smooth muscle, but in the longitudinal smooth muscle, CNP completely inhibited the spontaneous contraction. Using LY83583, a guanylate cyclase inhibitor, and zaparinast as a phosphoesterase inhibitor to inhibit the generation of cGMP, the effect of CNP on the spontaneous contraction was markedly weakened by LY83583, however, the inhibitory effect was enhanced by zaparinast.CONCLUSION: (1) CNP can obviously inhibit the spontaneous contraction of gastric antral circular and longitudinal smooth muscle in the rat, guinea-pig and human.The order of inhibitory potency is human ＞rat＞ guinea-pig.(2) In the same animals, the inhibitory effect of CNP on spontaneous contraction is the most powerful in fundus and the weakest in antrum, in the same position, the inhibitory effect on the circular smooth muscle is more powerful than that on longitudinal smooth muscle. (3) The inhibitory effect of CNP on spontaneous contraction in the gastric smooth muscle is mediated by a cGMP dependent pathway.     

Cholinergic effects on human gastric motility

BACKGROUND: Cholinergic regulation of chronotropic (frequency) and inotropic (force) aspects of antral contractility and how these impact on gastric emptying are not well delineated. AIMS: To determine the effects of cholinergic stimulation and inhibition on myoelectric, contractile, and emptying parameters of gastric motility. METHODS: Ten normal subjects underwent three studies each, using simultaneous electrogastrography (EGG), antroduodenal manometry, and gastric emptying with dynamic antral scintigraphy (DAS). After 30 minutes of baseline fasting manometry and EGG, subjects received saline intravenously, atropine (0.6 mg then 0.25 mg/hour intravenously), or bethanechol (5 mg subcutaneously). This was followed by another 30 minutes' recording and by three hours of postprandial recording after ingestion of a technetium-99m labelled solid meal. RESULTS: During fasting, atropine decreased, whereas bethanechol increased, the antral manometric motility index and EGG power. Postprandially, atropine decreased the amplitude of antral contractions by DAS, decreased the postprandial antral manometric motility index, and slowed gastric emptying. Atropine caused a slight increase in postprandial frequency of antral contractions by DAS and gastric myoelectrical activity by EGG. Bethanechol slightly increased the amplitude, but slightly decreased the frequency of antral contractions by DAS and decreased the frequency of gastric myoelectrical activity by EGG, with no significant increase in the motility index or gastric emptying. CONCLUSIONS: Cholinergic antagonism with atropine reduces antral contractility and slows gastric emptying. Cholinergic stimulation with bethanechol increases antral contractility, but decreases the frequency of antral contractions, without altering the antral motility index or gastric emptying.     

Different effects of atropine and cimetropium bromide on gastric emptying of liquids and antroduodenal motor activity in man

Atropine (1 mg intravenously) and a new antimuscarinic compound, cimetropium bromide (5 mg intravenously), as well as placebo (physiological saline) were tested for their effects on gastric emptying and antroduodenal motility in healthy humans. In a first single-blind cross-over study, the emptying rate was assessed in 12 subjects by measuring paracetamol absorption. In a second single-blind parallel-group study, antroduodenal motor activity was measured in 20 subjects through four perfused open tip catheters with orifices positioned in the antroduodenal region. Atropine, unlike cimetropium bromide, significantly delayed gastric emptying. Antral and duodenal motility index was reduced significantly by atropine, but not by cimetropium bromide. Heart rate significantly increased only after atropine. Three subjects taking atropine complained of dry mouth and one of blurred vision. In conclusion, the results of these studies show that atropine, unlike cimetropium bromide, strongly inhibits gastric emptying of liquids and reduces antroduodenal motor activity in man.     

Gastric dysmotility after liquid bolus ingestion in systemic sclerosis: an ultrasonographic study

Gastric involvement appears quite commonly in systemic sclerosis (SSc). The aim of this study was to evaluate gastric wall motility using ultrasonography, a noninvasive method able to track both filling and emptying of fundus and antrum. The study was performed in 20 SSc patients and 20 healthy control subjects. Gastric filling and emptying were evaluated by transabdominal ultrasonography, measuring changes in fundus and antral areas over a 1-h period after ingestion of a liquid bolus (500 ml of mineral water). Areas of both gastric fundus and antrum at basal evaluation were found to be smaller in SSc patients than in healthy controls. Gastric filling was significantly reduced after ingestion of liquid bolus. Gastric emptying was delayed both in fundus and antrum. No significant differences of gastric wall motility have been observed in different subsets of SSc patients. Our findings show that gastric dysmotility is frequent and severe in SSc patients, contributing to the gastrointestinal disturbances which are very common in this disease.     

A Novel Method for Study of Gastric Mechanical Functions in Conscious Mice

A novel method has been developed for simultaneous study of gastric emptying, antral motility, and gastric muscle tone in conscious mice. Intragastric pressure was measured during infusion of an X-ray-opaque, viscous meal through a chronically implanted gastric fistula (0.25 ml/min). Compared with vehicle treatment, molsidomine (nitric oxide donor) and atropine (muscarinic receptor antagonist) treatment significantly reduced the area under the intragastric pressure curve (AUC) by 37 ± 4% and 35 ± 3%, respectively, (mean ± S.E.M.) whereas N ^G-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (l-NAME; nitric oxide synthase inhibitor) significantly increased the AUC by 20 ± 3%. Atropine also significantly reduced the frequency and amplitude of stomach contraction-induced intragastric pressure waves while molsidomine only reduced the frequency. Gastric emptying, as assessed by X-ray imaging, was significantly delayed after l-NAME and atropine treatment. This methodology is the first to enable simultaneous assessment of gastric emptying, antral motility, and gastric tone in conscious mice and confirmed the important role of nitrergic and cholinergic innervation.