北海市人群Rh血型调查报告

RhD阴性血型属稀有血型 ,我国汉族人发生频率 <1% [1] 。在临床工作中常因Rh阴性血型血源供应困难而影响临床抢救治疗。北海市Rh血型的调查目前尚属空白。为了掌握北海市人群RhD阴性血型的分布和频率 ,建立Rh阴性血型档案 ,为成立Rh阴性血型的献血队伍提供帮助 ,我们于 2 0 0 0年 5月开始在全市范围内进行了Rh血型的调查 ,现报道如下。1　资料与方法1 1　对象　共检测北海市献血者 ,中、高考体检者 ,门诊及住院病人10 0 0 0人。其中男 5 0 6 7人 ,女 4 933人 ,年龄最大 98岁 ,最小 1天。1 2　试剂　抗D、抗C、抗E、抗c、抗e、抗A、抗B…     

鲁中南地区汉族ABO、Rh等主要血型系统抗原分布调查

目的　调查研究鲁中南地区汉族人群ABO、Rh等主要血型系统抗原分布状况。方法　采用血型群体遗传学研究方法 ,随机选择鲁中南地区汉族人群 2 172人 ,进行ABO、Rh、MN、P血型系统的表现型及基因频率分布调查分析。结果　(1)ABO血型表现型频率顺序B >O >A >AB ,基因频率r >q >p ,民族指数 =0 .88。 (2 )A2 表现型频率为 1.0 2 %。(3)Rh血型表现型以CCDee、CcDE多见 ,基因组合体频率CDe(0 .6 812 )最高。(4 )MN血型基因频率m =0 .4 95 1,n =0 .5 0 4 9。(5 )P血型基因频率P1 =0 .12 2 3,P2 =0 .8777,结论　鲁中南地区汉族人群ABO、Rh等主要血型系统抗原分布状况与北方汉族人群血型抗原分布特征基本相符     

军队427名汉族官兵Rh血型抗原分布调查分析

目的调查部队汉族官兵Rh血型抗原分布,提高军队医院临床输血水平。方法采用血型群体遗传学研究方法,选择参加无偿献血汉族官兵427名,进行Rh血型表现型及基因频率检测研究。结果(1)表现型频率顺序为CCDee>ccDE>CcDE>ccDee>CCDE>CcDee>ccdee;(2)基因频率为D>d,C>c,e>E;(3)组合体频率以CDe(R1)0.6178为最高。结论部队汉族官兵Rh血型抗原分布研究,对提高军队医院临床输血水平及建立完善战备血液采供体系,具有重要意义。     

抗Rh（D）抗体制备的研究进展

RhD抗原是表达在人类红细胞表面的血型抗原,其在免疫原性和临床上的应用仅次于ABO血型系统,相应的抗Rh（D）抗体在血型鉴定和预防新生儿溶血等方面均具有重要意义。传统的抗Rh（D）多克隆抗体来自健康人的血清,由于来源受限和血浆制品的安全问题,人们开始了抗Rh（D）的单克隆抗体和基因工程抗体的研究。国外研制的抗Rh（D）的单克隆抗体已成功用于血型鉴定,但到目前为止,还没有一个单克隆或者基因工程抗Rh（D）抗体作为多克隆抗Rh（D）抗体的替代品,在临床上用于预防Rh（D）免疫和新生儿溶血。本文对抗Rh（D）抗体制备的研究进展进行了综述。     

血保存时间对CDE抗原强度影响

为了解Rh血型抗原在保存液中随着时间的延长是否会减弱。为给试剂中提供合格的谱细脆,防止假阴性的出现。我们对ACD保存全血红细胞上的Rh血型抗原进行了调查,现报告如下材料与方法 1.试剂血清,抗D血清效价1:16,抗E血清效价1:8由本院自制,抗C血清由天津中心血站提供。 2.从单采献血员中选出RH血型CCDee,CCDE,从单采血袋中分出各两人     

献血者血清中抗-E抗体致交叉配血不合的原因分析

Rh血型是已知最复杂的红细胞血型系统,其抗原已发现40多种,在输血医学上的临床重要性仅次于ABO血型系统。因患者血清中存在Rh血型抗体导致配血不合的报导较多,而因献血者血清Rh血型抗体导致的配血不合则较少见。现将因献血者血清存在抗-E抗体引起交叉配血不合1例的情况,分析报告如下。     

特殊血型报告1例

1病例报告患者男,21岁。因急性腹痛就诊。常规检查血常规及血型,进行ABO血型鉴定（玻片法）,正定型试验抗-A凝集强度为1＋,抗-B凝集强度为4＋,反定型A1细胞±,B细胞无凝集,Rh（D）抗原阳性,正反定型不一致。再用手工试管法重复ABO正反定型试验及其他血清学试验,所有试验均严格按照《中国输血技术操作规程》操作。（1）ABO血型鉴定试管法：患者红细胞与抗-AB、抗-B标准血清反应凝集强度均为4＋,与抗-A标准血清     

散在无偿献血员Rh(D)抗原检测的意义

随着《献血法》的颁布与实施和散在无偿献血的普通开展 ,越来越多的人加入到无偿献血中来 ,为了方便献血者 ,我们采取了街头采血车上采血的方式。从2 0 0 0 - 0 4～ 2 0 0 0 - 0 9,共接待献血者 1398人次 ,并进行了Ｒｈ(Ｄ)抗原筛选 ,其中筛选出Ｒｈ(Ｄ)阴性者 4人。1　材料与方法　1 1　对象　散在 1398名随机无偿献血者。1 2　试剂　抗 -Ｄ血清由白求恩和平医院提供 ;抗-Ｃ、抗 -ｃ分别由中国医学科学院输血研究所和西京医院提供 ;抗 -Ｅ及德国产品木瓜酶液本室配制。1 3　Ｒｈ血型鉴定　采用木瓜酶法 ,凡检出抗原阴性者 ,再换另一批试剂…     

多次输血产生抗-C抗体合并抗-e抗体1例

<正>1临床资料患者,男性,59岁。因食管胃底静脉曲张破裂出血住院,血常规示血红蛋白低,申请输注红细胞。患者血型鉴定结果ABO血型系统为B型,Rh血型系统D、C、E、c、e分别为+、-、+、+、-(玻片法及微柱凝胶法);两次不规则抗体筛选(微柱凝胶法),结果Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ号细胞均阴性,自身对照阴性;输血前交叉配血(微柱凝胶法),主侧、次侧均相合,两次分别间断性输注B型RhD阳性滤白红细胞悬液4U和     

11 169例孕产妇不规则抗体筛查结果分析

目的 通过分析孕产妇不规则抗体产生的频率与特异性,探讨不规则抗体筛查在孕产妇整个妊娠周期的临床意义。方法 采用微柱凝胶法对2010年1月-2020年12月在解放军总医院第六医学中心输血医学科生产备血的孕产妇做不规则抗体筛查,对抗体筛查结果阳性的做进一步抗体特异性鉴定。结果 11 169例抗体筛查结果中52例为阳性（0.47%）,其中Rh血型系统26例（50.0%）;MNS血型系统9例（17.3%）;Lewis血型系统5例（9.6%）;kidd血型系统1例（1.9%）;3例（5.8%）抗体水平较弱,未检出特异性;1例（1.9%）温自身抗体;7例（13.5%）患者拒绝检测。A型Rh阳性15例;B型Rh阳性9例;O型Rh阳性11例;AB型Rh阳性4例;A型Rh阴性4例;B型Rh阴性5例;O型Rh阴性2例;AB型Rh阴性2例。结论 孕产妇抗体筛查阳性不仅会造成交叉配血困难,给安全输血带来难度,而且会造成妊娠生产不良反应,严重的会发生新生儿溶血病。整个妊娠周期的不规则抗体筛查是保障孕产妇安全生产,早预防、早治疗新生儿溶血病,以及孕产妇安全输血的前提,具有重要的临床意义。     

Glutamine supplementation in vitro and in vivo,in exercise and in immunodepression

In situations of stress, such as clinical trauma, starvation or prolonged, strenuous exercise, the concentration of glutamine in the blood is decreased, often substantially. In endurance athletes this decrease occurs concomitantly with relatively transient immunodepression. Glutamine is used as a fuel by some cells of the immune system. Provision of glutamine or a glutamine precursor, such as branched chain amino acids, has been seen to have a beneficial effect on gut function, on morbidity and mortality, and on some aspects of immune cell function in clinical studies. It has also been seen to decrease the self-reported incidence of illness in endurance athletes. So far, there is no firm evidence as to precisely which aspect of the immune system is affected by glutamine feeding during the transient immunodepression that occurs after prolonged, strenuous exercise. However, there is increasing evidence that neutrophils may be implicated. Other aspects of glutamine and glutamine supplementation are also addressed.     

Temporal changes in the oxidation state in in vitro blood

The rates at which the paramagnetic compounds deoxyhemoglobin (Hb) and methemoglobin (MHb) form in vivo within an area of hemorrhage are unknown. The present experiment establishes the baseline concentrations and rates of change in paramagnetic hemoglobin concentrations, as well as the pH in normal heparinized and clotted human blood maintained in vitro at 37 degrees C under anaerobic conditions over 30 hours. There was a moderate increase in Hb concentration in normal heparinized blood (average increase was 15.5%, rate = 0.50%/hour) and a slight increase in MHb concentration in the heparinized blood and clots (average increase was 1.4%, rate = 0.044%/hour). A second experiment was done to verify the activity of the RBC systems responsible for maintaining the hemoglobin molecule in the reduced state. Conversion of MHb to Hb in these samples proceeded at a rate of 5.6%/hour. In a third experiment, blood from 11 normal subjects maintained at 4 degrees C 25 degrees C was analyzed for MHb concentration over the course of 28 days. The level of MHb formation remained in the range of normal for at least 11 days in all subjects. The authors conclude that at basal conditions created in vitro, the blood levels of both Hb and MHb remain at relatively low levels. Therefore, if the accumulation of Hb and/or MHb occurs in acute in vivo hematomas it must be driven by intrinsic tissue factors.     

Carcinoma in situ in cryptorchid testes in post-pubertal patients]

The pathohistologic analysis of testis sections of 37 postpuberty patients with different types of cryptorchism is performed. The tissue samples were taken during orchiopehy, fixed in Bouin's solution and treated by the standard histologic techniques. The morphologic criteria are presented for identification of the presence of the so called carcinoma in situ cells found in two cases. Besides, in 13 patients rare, mainly single, atypical germinative cells were found in a smaller number of the seminiferous tubules. It has been concluded that the presence of carcinoma in situ cells in undescended testes of some patients and considering the simple way of sampling, lack of complications and high reliability of the diagnostic procedure, it is absolutely justified to take routine biopsy of testes during orchiopexy in each postpuberty and perhaps prepuberty patient.     

我国医用辐射防护研究概况

医学放射学技术的迅速发展及介入放射学在临床广泛应用，使更多的人受到电离辐射的照射，同时也促进了医疗照射防护工作的发展。文中重点综述了我国医用辐射防护工作者近年来在Ｘ射线ＣＴ的医疗照射防护、对介入放射学工作者的剂量监测以及应用医疗照射防护体系，降低医疗照射剂量等方面所作出的成绩和研究进展     

Interventions in the chest in children

The scope for image-guided intervention in the chest is very wide and encompasses procedures in the heart, pulmonary and systemic vasculature, lungs and pleural cavities, airway, and esophagus. This review describes the most important procedures that are usually performed by radiologists. Percutaneous drainage is now the most common method of treating both empyemas and lung abscesses in children. Although most lung biopsies are carried out by other means, percutaneous biopsy and localization are important alternatives for the diagnosis of focal lung lesions. Esophageal strictures are common in children and are usually best treated by balloon dilatation. The use of retrievable or biodegradable stents has recently been introduced for refractory esophageal strictures. Similarly, balloon dilatation and stenting are now increasingly used in children with stenosis or extrinsic compression of the trachea or bronchi.     

Serum zinc in athletes in training

Serum zinc was determined using atomic absorption spectrophotometry in 160 training athletes (57 females) in the morning at rest. In 23.3% of the male and 43% of the female athletes, serum Zn was lower than the limit accepted for the normal range (75 microgram/dl or 11.5 mumol/l). The average serum Zn (96.7 +/- 12.6 microgram/dl) and the range of the values found in a control group of 15 young adult males did not differ from the accepted values in the literature. In 22 randomly selected male athletes, serum Zn fractions were determined using polyethylene glycol precipitation at pH 7.1; 22.2% of total Zn was bóund to alpha2-macroglobulin, the ratio being very close to 1 atom of metal per molecule of globulin. The possible reasons that may influence the serum Zn level in athletes are discussed with regard to the present knowledge in both exercise physiology and metabolism of zinc in man.