隐性眼球震颤1例

1　临床资料患者,男,33a,汽车司机。体检发现单眼视物时物体晃动,无法查视力5d来院。眼部检查:双眼视时,视力为1.5,眼位居中,眼球在各方向上均不受限。遮盖一眼,注视眼很快出现水平冲动性眼球震颤,且振幅与频率逐渐增加。快相指向注视眼,因此无法常规测单眼视力。将一眼遮盖物稍前移,见遮盖眼也有眼球震颤,快相也指向注视眼,仅振幅与频率较注视眼小。移去遮盖物,在一眼前加 8.0球镜后,无眼球震颤表现,此时测单眼视力,右眼为1.2 2,左眼为1.5。扩瞳后见晶状体、玻璃体透明,眼底无异常,视网膜镜检影,无屈光不正。诊断:双眼隐性眼球震颤。处理:…     

弱视遮盖治疗相关因素对视力和双眼视功能重建的影响

目的 研究弱视遮盖治疗的类型诸相关因素对视力和双眼视功能重建的影响。方法 观察不同类型和不同注视性质弱视儿童68例(102只眼)，予以遮盖治疗和积极的视觉及双眼视功能训练，动态分析治疗前后视力和立体视的变化。结果 随访1～3年，视力进步96只眼(94．12％)，融合范围扩大50例(73．53％)，立体视锐度提高47例(69．12％)。治疗前后有显著性意义。结论 弱视遮盖治疗相关因素是治疗成功的关键。屈光不正引起的双眼弱视不需遮盖治疗，对非中心注视性弱视脱抑制治疗和双眼视功能训练间接遮盖优于直接遮盖、分时段的短时部分遮盖优于长时全部遮盖。     

5至24个月婴幼儿条栅视力发育规律的初步研究

目的 对5至24个月龄正常婴幼儿条栅视力发育规律进行初步研究.方法 使用以优先注视原理设计的Teller acuity cardsⅡ检测5至24个月龄正常婴幼儿的双眼及单眼视力.应用方差分析进行差异性比较,月龄组间两两比较使用Dunnett's方法,单眼与双眼及两侧单眼间的差异用配对t检验.视力水平与月龄的关系用Spearman曲线回归分析.结果 Teller acuity cards检查双眼视力完成率98.77％,单眼检查完成率89.2％.平均检查时间2～5 min.分别测得5至24个月龄婴幼儿双眼及单眼视力均值.单眼视力略低于双眼视力,差异小于或等于1个倍频;两眼间视力差异无统计学意义.正常婴幼儿双眼及单眼视力随年龄增长而提高,5月龄至14月龄视力增长平缓,平均视力由0.17(5.1 cpd)增长到0.32(9.6 cpd),提高约1倍频,15月龄以后视力水平提高速度加快,2岁时达到略低于成人视力水平0.833( 26 cpd),视力水平与12月龄时相比增加1.5倍频.结论 Teller acuity cards TMⅡ可以有效地检测2岁以内婴幼儿的双眼及单眼视力.正常婴幼儿双眼及单眼条栅视力随年龄增长而不断提高.不同时期,婴幼儿视力发育具有不同的增长速率.单眼视力等于或略低于双眼视力水平,两眼视力发育比较平衡.     

部分遮盖法治疗大龄儿童弱视的疗效分析

目的 比较每天全遮盖健眼不同时间治疗7～12岁单眼弱视儿童的疗效.方法 对84例诊断为屈光参差性、斜视性或混合性单眼弱视的7～12岁儿童采用部分时间全遮盖健眼,随机分为每天遮盖2 h组、4 h组和6 h组.4周复查1次,记录视力及对应的logMAR值.连续随访6个月.结果每天遮盖2、4和6 h组,治疗6个月后视力提高分别为:0.17±0.09、0.25±0.12及0.30±0.13(LogMAR值),三组间差异有统计学意义(P<0.01).遮盖4 h和6 h组间视力提高,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),但与2 h组间差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01).各类型弱视视力提高差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).结论 对于7～12岁单眼弱视儿童,每天全遮盖健眼2～6 h均能改善视力,但遮盖4 h及6 h较2 h能更有效地提高视力.     

先天性黑目蒙〖HT3〗伴黄斑缺损一例

患儿男，4岁。因出生时家长即发现其双眼不能追光，视力极差来我院就诊，患者为足月顺产，父母非近新联姻。检查：智力正常，无心、肾、听力等异常。眼科检查：双眼视力均无光感，眼球水平震颤，各方向眼球运动不受限。双眼无充血，角膜透明，前房轴深约3，CT瞳孔圆，虹膜纹理清楚，晶状体透明，玻璃体无混浊。     

Lea Symbols与Tumbling E视力表在学龄前儿童视力检查中的应用

目的比较LeaSymbols视力表与TumblingE视力表在学龄前儿童中视力的检测率、视力值和双眼间视力差异。方法对温州市某幼儿园一小班24名36～50(平均43.2±3.71)个月的儿童以随机顺序先后用LeaSymbols与TumblingE视力表检查单眼视力,视力值用logMAR记录方法来表示,用logMAR单位记录双眼视力差异。结果Leasymbols视力表的检测率为96%,Tum-blingE视力表的检测率为71%,其中33只眼能配合查Leasymbols与TumblingE,TumblingE的视力为0.26±0.10,Leasymbols的视力为0.19±0.10,两者呈线形相关(相关系数r=0.76),两者作配对t检验有显著性差异(t=6.068,p<0.0001),16名儿童用LeaSymbols测得的双眼视力差别为-0.004±0.065,用TumblingE测得的双眼视力差别为-0.019±0.067,两者呈线形相关(相关系数r=0.65),统计学分析两者无显著性差异(p=0.296)。结论Leasymbols视力表检查学龄前儿童视力特别是3～4周岁的儿童检测率高,LeaSymbols与TumblingE视力表一样能够很好地反映双眼间视力的差别,但与TumblingE视力表相比,LeaSymbols视力表存在过高估计视力的可能。视力的测定是个心理物理学过程,对于学龄前儿童,我们不能简单地根据视力小于0.8判断其弱视,而是要从儿童的认知水平来考虑。     

远方视力训练法治疗斜视性弱视临床研究

目的:总结远方视力训练法治疗单眼斜视性弱视的疗效。方法:对240例患病儿童进行前瞻性研究,随机分组,与传统遮盖疗法进行对比,随访3mo。结果:远方视力训练法促进弱视眼视力提高显著优于传统遮盖法。与传统遮盖疗法在治愈率(18%)、显效率(60%)及有效率(93%)方面对比均有统计学意义。结论:远方视力训练法是治疗单眼斜视性弱视行之有效的新方法。     

小梁切除术后滤过泡下垂达瞳孔区一例

患者 ,男 ,5 6岁。因双眼视力逐渐下降两年于 2 0 0 2年 3月15日入院。 9年前因青光眼 (类型不详 )行双眼小梁切除术 ,术后眼压控制良好。 2年前起双眼上方结膜滤过泡向角膜延伸。入院时检查 :视力右眼 0 8、左眼 0 1,无法矫正。双眼滤过泡延伸至角膜表面 ,右眼位于瞳孔上缘 ,左眼遮盖瞳孔区 ,荧光素钠染色结膜无渗漏。前房深浅正常 ,Tyndall(-) ,瞳孔直径 2 5mm ,对光反射存在 ,晶状体轻度混浊。眼底 :右眼C/D 0 7,左眼窥不进。因滤过泡覆盖角膜表面 ,眼压无法测得 ,指测眼压Tn。初步诊断 :(1)双眼青光眼滤过泡下垂 ;(2 )双眼小梁切…     

白化病眼底RetcamⅡ检查表现2例

例1,女,7岁。系领养儿,生产史、家族史不详。查体：营养中等,智力发育正常,全身皮肤、毛发色泽呈全白,四肢、指趾未见异常,心肺腹检查未见异常。眼科检查：双眼视力0.1,双眼球呈钟摆性眼球震颤,外眼未见异常,屈光间质透明,虹膜透光,色素缺失,纹理欠清,瞳孔圆,约3 mm×3 mm,对光反射存     

激光手电致儿童双眼黄斑损伤1例

资料患者男性,10岁,因双眼被激光手电照射后视力下降1 d来诊。该患儿在家中使用镜子反射观察激光手电被刺伤(图1),即感双眼视力下降,伴眼前黑影遮挡。眼科检查:右眼裸眼视力0.1,-1.25 DS矫正无提高;左眼裸眼视力0.25,最佳矫正视力(best-corrected visual acuity, BCVA)-0.75 DS/-0.50 DC×180°→0.4。双眼角膜透明,前房安静,瞳孔直径约2.5 mm,对光反射灵敏,晶状体透明。眼底示双侧视盘色淡红,边界清晰,右眼黄斑区见一椭圆形边界清楚的黄白色病灶(图2A),左眼黄斑区见小片状黄白色病灶(图2B)。     

单眼与双眼老年性白内障摘除人工晶状体植入术后的双眼视觉比较分析

目的　比较分析单眼与双眼老年性白内障摘除人工晶状体植入术后双眼视功能恢复状况。方法　对单眼和双眼人工晶状体手术患者各 6 0例分别检测矫正视力、屈光状态、双眼影像 ,以及用同视机等方法检查双眼视功能。结果　两组患者的双眼同时视功能、融合功能无显著差异。双眼手术组患者的远近立体视功能显著优于单眼组。影响单眼手术患者双眼视功能恢复的主要原因是另侧非手术眼的白内障所导致的视力低下和两眼屈光参差。结论　双眼视功能恢复水平是评价人工晶状体术后视觉质量和生活能力改善的重要指标。单眼手术和双眼手术者双眼视觉的差异主要体现在立体视功能上     

单眼白内障患者植入多焦点人工晶状体与单焦点人工晶状体后的双眼视功能比较

目的比较单眼白内障患者植入多焦点人工晶状体（IOL）或单焦点IOL后的双眼视功能。方法前瞻性非随机对照研究。2013年6月至2014年12月期间,在我院行白内障超声乳化联合IOL植入术的单眼白内障患者80例（80眼）,根据植入的IOL类型分为2组,各40例（40眼）。观察组植入多焦点IOL,对照组植入单焦点IOL。术后随访3个月,观察指标包括术眼单眼及双眼远（5 m）、中（70 cm）、近（40 cm）视力,双眼对比敏感度,近立体视,脱镜率,视觉干扰现象及患者满意度。术后视力及对比敏感度比较采用独立样本t检验;脱镜率及光干扰现象发生率的比较采用χ²检验;近立体视、视力满意度评分比较采用Mann-Whitney U检验。结果观察组双眼裸眼远、中、近视力分别为0.03±0.04、0.17±0.07、0.15±0.06,对照组双眼裸眼远、中、近视力分别为0.05±0.05、0.27±0.08、0.31±0.09,观察组双眼裸眼中视力和近视力优于对照组（t=3.925、3.429,P＜0.01）,而2组间双眼裸眼远视力差异无统计学意义（t=0.356,P＞0.05）。双眼在空间频率为3、6、12、18 c/d时,观察组无眩光对比敏感度和有眩光对比敏感度均低于对照组（无眩光：t=3.463、3.361、2.198、2.574,P＜0.05;有眩光：t=3.105、2.432、2.758、3.207,P＜0.05）。观察组近立体视优于对照组（Z=2.578,P＜0.05）,脱镜率（88%）高于对照组（28%）（χ²=8.240,P＜0.05）,2组间视远满意度评分差异无统计学意义（Z=0.598,P＞0.05）,而观察组视中和视近满意度评分均高于对照组（Z=2.314、3.137,P＜0.05）。2组间视觉干扰眩光现象差异无统计学意义（χ²=0.602,P＞0.05）,而观察组光晕现象多于对照组（χ²=8.807,P＜0.05）。结论单眼白内障患者植入多焦点IOL相比单焦点IOL能提供更好的双眼中、近视力,双眼立体视,脱镜率及患者满意度,但对比敏感度有所降低。     

单眼视力下降对双眼对比敏感度的影响

目的 研究单眼视力下降时双眼对比敏感度（CS）的变化规律,初步探讨单眼视力下降对双眼视功能及双眼相互作用的影响,并且探讨其在司法鉴定中的运用价值。方法 实验研究。于2016年3月至2017年8月选择司法鉴定科学研究院志愿者46例（男24例,女22例）。单眼矫正视力或裸眼视力均达4.9以上,主导眼前放置试验透镜,用插片法诱导实验性单眼视力不同程度下降。分别测试其左眼、右眼及双眼的视力、CS,计算对比敏感度双眼总和比（BSR）。数据进行球形检验、方差分析及秩和检验。结果 单眼视力下降可引起双眼视力一定程度下降,但是双眼视力仍优于单眼。当视力下降至轻度损害水平时,全频段正常倒“U”形CS曲线形态已破坏,且相较低空间频率而言,中、高空间频率时CS下降程度更为明显;在高频区且两眼视力均正常时,出现最大的BSR,为1.48。当单眼视力逐渐下降时,出现双眼平均及抑制（BSR<1）。提示双眼相互作用的形式存在一定程度的容忍性及空间依赖性。结论 单眼视力下降对双眼CS、双眼相互作用的形式及程度具有一定程度的影响。运用双眼CS检测,能够反映单眼视力的损害程度,具有临床及司法鉴定运用价值。     

Localization of monocular stimuli in different depth planes

We examined the phenomenon in which two physically aligned monocular stimuli appear to be non-collinear when each of them is located in binocular regions that are at different depth planes. Using monocular bars embedded in binocular random-dot areas that are at different depths, we manipulated properties of the binocular areas and examined their effect on the perceived direction and depth of the monocular stimuli. Results showed that (1) the relative visual direction and perceived depth of the monocular bars depended on the binocular disparity and the dot density of the binocular areas, and (2) the visual direction, but not the depth, depended on the width of the binocular regions. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that monocular stimuli are treated by the visual system as binocular stimuli that have acquired the properties of their binocular surrounds. Moreover, partial correlation analysis suggests that the visual system utilizes both the disparity information of the binocular areas and the perceived depth of the monocular bars in determining the relative visual direction of the bars.     

The effect of different forms of monocular occlusion on measures of central visual function

The purpose of this study was to determine whether clinically used measures of central visual function were influenced by the method of monocular occlusion used. Twenty young visually normal subjects were tested both monocularly and binocularly using an Australian Vision Chart No. 5 (which includes high and low contrast letters) and the Pelli–Robson letter chart. During monocular assessments, the non-tested eye was occluded with either a translucent (frosted) diffuser, a +1.50 D (fogging) lens, or a white opaque occluder. A significant difference in monocular sensitivity between the three occluder types was found for Pelli–Robson contrast sensitivity, and the high and low contrast letter acuities, with poorest performance being recorded with the opaque occluder in all cases. The same trend was evident in the derived binocular summation ratios which were found to vary with the type of occluder used before the non-tested eye, as well as with the visual function measured. The data imply that binocular interactions occur during 'monocular' testing of central visual function and that these interactions vary with the method of occlusion used. The clinical ramifications of these results are discussed.     

Measurement of Visual Acuity in Latent Nystagmus

A method is described for rapid and accurate assessment of visual acuity in patients with latent (occlusion) nystagmus. By using the duochrome slide of the American Optical Project-O-Chart® and the green filter of the Worth red-green glasses, monocular visual acuity may be readily measured in patients with nystagmus brought out by monocular cover. The results obtained in seven patients are compared with standard opaque occlusion and occlusion with a +5.00 diopter lens.     

单眼视设计的人工晶状体眼视功能临床研究

目的 探讨应用单眼视原理设计双眼白内障超声乳化联合植入单焦点人工晶状体术后的视功能情况.方法 对双眼年龄相关性白内障患者42例(84只眼),分为常规组21例(42只眼)及单眼视组21例(42只眼).常规行白内障超声乳化联合折叠式人工晶状体植入术.分别记录术前最佳矫正视力及术后1周单眼裸眼远、近视力及双眼裸眼远、近视力.采用SAS8.2统计软件对结果进行统计学分析.结果 (1)术前平均最佳矫正视力常规组4.44,单眼视组4.47(P ＞0.05),患者平均年龄常规组71岁,单眼视组69.5岁(P ＞0.05),差异无统计学意义.(2)术后1周单眼裸眼远视力常规组4.90,单眼视组:优势眼4.94(P ＞0.05),与常规组比较差异无统计学意义;非优势眼4.71(P < 0.05),与常规组比较差异有统计学意义.术后1周单眼近视力常规组4.36,单眼视组:优势眼4.37(P＞0.05),与常规组比较差异无统计学意义;非优势眼4.78(P < 0.05),与常规组比较差异有统计学意义.(3)术后1周双眼裸眼远视力常规组4.91,单眼视组4.91(P ＞0.05),与常规组比较差异无统计学意义;术后1周双眼近视力常规组4.42,单眼视组4.78(P < 0.05),与常规组比较差异有统计学意义.结论 单眼视设计的人工晶状体眼术后双眼远视力与常规设计人工晶状体眼相同,但近视力明显好于常规设计.按照单眼视原理设计人工晶状体可以较好的临床应用.     

Monocular contribution to the peak time of the binocular pattern visual evoked potential

The contribution of each monocular pathway to the timing of the binocular pattern visual evoked potential was assessed in situations where a significant interocular timing discrepancy was observed. Monocular and binocular pattern visual evoked potentials to 0.5° checks were recorded from normal subjects, normal subjects in whom one eye was blurred, patients with monocular amblyopia, and patients with resolved unilateral optic neuritis. Normal subjects showed facilitation, while suppression was evidenced in subjects with monocular blurring. In patients with amblyopia, the affected pathway had no effect on binocular pattern visual evoked potential latency, suggesting that the amblyopic eye was suppressed. In contrast, all patients with optic neuritis showed binocular averaging. Our results show that different forms of binocular interaction are evidenced in normal subjects, in amblyopia and in optic neuritis, and suggest that a comparative analysis of monocular and binocular pattern visual evoked potential peak times brings valuable information to the clinical evaluation that could be used to distinguish disease processes further.Abbreviation BPVEP binocular pattern visual evoked potential     

Mechanism of binocular interaction in refraction errors: study using pattern-reversal visual evoked potentials

In this study we sought to determine whether a natural condition involving fine discrimination, for example moderately severe myopia, might yield interesting information regarding the binocular interaction expressed by visual evoked potentials (VEPs). We studied ten normal subjects with a mild refraction deficits. Transient VEPs were elicited by monocular and binocular stimulation under conditions of natural and lens-corrected vision. The visual stimulus was a pattern-reversal checkerboard consisting of 15' and 40' checks. VEPs in response to binocular stimulation were compared with monocular VEPs. We plotted the monocular `better-VEP' and `worse-VEP' response, since significant differences between individual eye stimulations were present. We found no significant difference between the mean N75 and P100 latencies of the binocular VEP and the better monocular VEP, regardless of the check size used and of natural or corrected vision. Under all stimulus conditions, the mean amplitude of the N75-P100 of the binocular VEPs was also larger than the better monocular VEP response. The difference proved more significant when we stimulated our subjects with smaller squares and left vision uncorrected. The mean P100-N145 amplitude obtained with binocular stimulation was larger than the better monocular VEP response only when using small checks (15') and uncorrected vision. Overlapping latencies are consistent with an earlier hypothesis that monocular and binocular VEPs originate postsynaptically from the binocular neurons in the primary visual cortex. The gain in amplitude achieved by binocular stimulation may depend upon the removal of `tonic interocular inhibition' and/or on a cortical modulatory mechanism. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Association between visual impairment and patient-reported visual disability at different stages of cataract surgery

PURPOSE: To evaluate the association between visual impairment (visual acuity, contrast sensitivity, stereopsis) and patient-reported visual disability at different stages of cataract surgery. METHODS: A cohort of 104 patients aged 60 years and over with bilateral cataract was assessed preoperatively, after first-eye surgery (monocular pseudophakia) and after second-eye surgery (binocular pseudophakia). Partial correlation coefficients (PCC) and linear regression models were calculated. RESULTS: In patients with bilateral cataracts, visual disability was associated with visual acuity (PCC = -0.30) and, to a lesser extent, with contrast sensitivity (PCC = 0.16) and stereopsis (PCC = -0.09). In monocular and binocular pseudophakia, visual disability was more strongly associated with stereopsis (PCC = -0.26 monocular and -0.51 binocular) and contrast sensitivity (PCC = 0.18 monocular and 0.34 binocular) than with visual acuity (PCC = -0.18 monocular and -0.18 binocular). Visual acuity, contrast sensitivity and stereopsis accounted for between 17% and 42% of variance in visual disability. CONCLUSIONS: The association of visual impairment with patient-reported visual disability differed at each stage of cataract surgery. Measuring other forms of visual impairment independently from visual acuity, such as contrast sensitivity or stereopsis, could be important in evaluating both needs and outcomes in cataract surgery. More comprehensive assessment of the impact of cataract on patients should include measurement of both visual impairment and visual disability.