微量元素铜的生理功能与临床儿科

微量元素铜在人体内有广泛而重要的生理功能,故铜已列为必需微量元素之一,其缺乏或过多都可引起人体发病。本文拟将铜的生理功能及由铜代谢紊乱引起的儿科疾病作一概述。一、自然界与人体铜的关系及人体含铜值自然界中,各生物群体都与各自生活环境保持着物理的、化学的动态平衡。     

铜转运疾病的分子基础

铜是人体必需的微量元素之一。当铜稳态遭到破坏导致人体铜缺乏或铜过量时均可致病，Menkes病（MD）和肝豆状核变性（WD）是其中最具代表性的两种疾病。主要就MD和WD两种疾病，结合其他一些铜疾病，综述有关铜转运疾病的分子基础及其与临床表现的复杂关系。同时对铜与神经退化性疾病的关系也做了一些讨论。     

微量元素与健康

随着现代科学技术的发展,人们对微量元素与人体生理病理关系的认识达到了一个新水平,其临床价值及理论意义越来越受到科枝界重视。 1 微量元素与疾病微量元素亦称“痕量元素”,按其对人体影响分为必需的、非必需的及有害的3类。目前公认的必需微量元素共14种,即锌、铁、铜、碘、锰、钼、钴、铬、硒、锡、硅、镍、氟、钒。微量元素与人类疾病关系甚大。     

小儿甲型肝炎早期血清锌、铜、铁、镁含量变化的探讨

近十余年来,人们对微量元素作了深入的研究,取得了令人瞩目的成就。微量元素锌、铜、铁以及镁元素是人体的重要组成部分,与人体健康有着十分密切的关系,体内微量元素的严重不足或过度增高,均可导致相应疾病的发生;相反,一些疾病在病程的不同阶段,体内微量元素亦会出现异常改变,给疾病的诊断和治疗提供依据。本文就我院近三年住院的98例甲型肝炎早期患儿血清锌、铜、铁、镁含量的变化,探讨其临床意义。     

慢性活动性肝炎血清锌、铜、铁、镁含量测定及其临床意义

<正> 必需微量元素是人体的重要组成部分,在人体的许多代谢过程中起很重要作用。在某些疾病中血清微量元素会发生相应变化,我们曾对慢性活动性肝炎(慢活肝)38例分别测定血清锌、铜、铁、镁元素与蛋白质等的含量及免疫指标,探讨其变化关系。     

若干重要微量金属元素的生物化学功能及其与人体健康的关系

铁、铜、锌、锰、钼和钴是人体中必需的微量元素,对这几种微量元素与人体健康的关系进行了论述,包括它们在人体内的存在与分布、代谢、生理功能及对人体健康的影响。     

手术前后患者血清锌、铜、镁、铁及免疫球蛋白含量变化的测定

<正> 微量元素锌、铜、铁以及宏观元素镁均是人体必需元素,它们的含量可以影响机体免疫反应。消化系统对四种微量元素及免疫球蛋白的代谢均有一定影响。我们通过37例常见消化道疾病手术病人血清锌、铜、镁、铁、IgG、IgA、IgM的含量测定,观察病人手术前、后血清含量变化,分析四种微量元素与三种免疫球蛋白的关系。     

微量元素与人体健康

微量元素对人体健康的作用,是当今生命科学中一个非常活跃的研究领域。配方着重介绍了人体必须的微量元素在周期表中的位置;几种微量元素对人体健康的影响及微量元素与疾病、长寿的关系;并指出了微量元素和人体健康的关系及对人类发展的作用。     

噪声对人体血清铜、锌的影响

铜和锌是人体必需的微量元素,其增加或减少与许多疾病有密切关系。国内文献报道,噪声可影响机体微量元素水平,探讨噪声对人体血清铜、锌含量变化的规律,可间接反映噪声对人体的损害,为职业病诊断提供科学依据。     

儿童智商与发中微量元素及相关因素的分析

铁、锌、铜是人体必需的微量元素，在体内具有重要的生理功能。本文测查儿童发中铁、铜含量与智商的水平，同时调查可能影响儿童智力的环境因素，旨在进一步探讨微量元素及环境因素与儿童智商的关系。     

铜代谢异常相关疾病研究

铜是人类和动物重要的必需微量元素，参与体内蛋白质、氨基酸、核酸等营养物质的代谢，铜代谢异常会造成多种疾病。本文主要综述铜在糖尿病、动脉粥样硬化、冠心病、高脂血症、骨质疏松等的发生发展以及治疗方面的作用。     

Role of copper in human neurological disorders

Copper is a trace element present in all tissues and is required for cellular respiration, peptide amidation, neurotransmitter biosynthesis, pigment formation, and connective tissue strength. Copper is a cofactor for numerous enzymes and plays an important role in central nervous system development; low concentrations of copper may result in incomplete development, whereas excess copper maybe injurious. Copper may be involved in free radical production, via the Haber-Weiss reaction, that results in mitochondrial damage, DNA breakage, and neuronal injury. Evidence of abnormal copper transport and aberrant copper-protein interactions in numerous human neurological disorders supports the critical importance of this trace metal for proper neurodevelopment and neurological function. The biochemical phenotypes of human disorders that involve copper homeostasis suggest possible biomarkers of copper status that may be applicable to general populations.     

肠道菌群功能研究进展

人体中寄居着大量的微生物,即共生菌群,这些菌群的基因总和称为微生物组。存在于人体中的各种菌群和微生物组对人体的健康和疾病发挥着重要作用。正常情况下肠道菌群与人体处于共生关系,具有防御外源性感染、促进免疫系统的成熟与平衡、营养与代谢等生理功能。肠道共生菌群的紊乱则与许多疾病有关,包括过敏性疾病、自身免疫性疾病、代谢性疾病、细菌感染和结肠癌等。     

Nitrates/Nitrites Alter Human Lymphocyte Proliferation and Cytokine Production

Nitrate from drinking water is converted in the body to nitrite by bacteria in the gut. This project examined effects of nitrate/nitrite on immune functions, i.e., human lymphocyte proliferation and cytokine production. Nitrate had no effect on lymphocyte growth, but nitrite decreased proliferation. Neither inhibited fibroblast growth. In 1/3 to 2/3 of the subjects tested, sodium nitrate or nitrite decreased production of Th1 cytokines (interleukin-2, interferon-gamma, and tumor necrosis factor-beta). Nitrate and nitrite either increased or had no effect on the production of the Th2 cytokine interleukin-10. A Th1 immune response is associated with resistance to a variety of infectious diseases; a Th2 response is associated with disease susceptibility. Because nitrate/nitrite shifted the balance from a Th1 to a Th2 response in some individuals, exposure to these compounds may decrease these persons' responsiveness to infectious diseases. The levels of nitrate used in this study are relevant to human health because they are present in the liquid portion (nonbreastfed) of some 2-month-old infants' diets in rural Romania.     

COPPER BIOAVAILABILITY: ASSESSMENT AND EXTRINSIC FACTORS

Copper bioavailability may be efficienty assessed using suckling rats, and is adversely affected in rats and human beings by fructose and excess dietary zinc.     

细胞内铜转运系统的研究进展(综述)

铜是人体必需的营养元素,参与体内许多重要的生化反应。细胞内多种铜转运蛋白和伴侣蛋白参与了铜离子的吸收、转运和清除,形成了一个复杂的铜转运系统。铜转运系统中的铜转运蛋白和/或伴侣蛋白功能异常与多种疾病的发生、发展关系密切。近年来,铜代谢障碍相关疾病越来越受到人们的重视,对铜转运系统相关蛋白的研究也不断深入。     

Aberrance of Zinc Metalloenzymes-Induced Human Diseases and Its Potential Mechanisms

Zinc, an essential micronutrient in the human body, is a component in over 300 enzymes and participates in regulating enzymatic activity. Zinc metalloenzymes play a crucial role in physiological processes including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and immune responses, as well as apoptosis. Aberrant enzyme activity can lead to various human diseases. In this review, we summarize zinc homeostasis, the roles of zinc in zinc metalloenzymes, the physiological processes of zinc metalloenzymes, and aberrant zinc metalloenzymes in human diseases. In addition, potential mechanisms of action are also discussed. This comprehensive understanding of the mechanisms of action of the regulatory functions of zinc in enzyme activity could inform novel zinc-micronutrient-supply strategies for the treatment of diseases.     

Immunology-Related Perturbations Induced by Copper and Chitosan in Carp (Cyprinus carpio L.)

Copper is used in treatment mixtures to control fungal diseases in vineyards. Its concentrations are relatively high in some aquatic ecosystems, and the main problem observed in this study was the antioxidant stress induced by this heavy metal. Copper toxicologic effects in aquatic organisms have prompted the demand for alternative use of low-toxicity molecules in culture treatments. Chitosan is a polymer with antifungal property similar to copper and may be an interesting biopesticide. Thus, it is necessary to investigate the potential toxicity of chitosan for aquatic animal health, either alone or in conjunction with copper. In this study, carp were exposed to two sublethal chitosan concentrations (75 and 150 mg/L) or to two sublethal copper concentrations (0.1 and 0.25 mg/L) or to a mixture of chitosan plus copper (75 mg/L and 0.1 mg/L, respectively). The results of the present study show that exposure to copper at environmentally realistic levels or to chitosan at sublethal concentrations may significantly stimulate various aspects of immune functions in carp such as nonspecific cellular immunity, represented by total immunoglobulin level, ceruloplasmin activity, and oxidative activity of phagocytes. This acute-phase inflammatory response induced separately by the two treatments was not observed, especially on phagocyte oxidative activity, when carp were exposed to the copper–chitosan mixture. This fact could be explained by a possible chelation of copper by chitosan decreasing the biodisponibility of the two products for immune cells. Thus, the immunotoxicologic impact of copper and chitosan on fish immune response would be less pronounced with the combined treatments than with separate treatments in an aquatic environment.     

铜对人类肠道上皮Caco-2细胞的毒性研究

目的　了解铜对人类肠道上皮Caco 2细胞的毒性影响。方法　应用噻唑蓝 (MTT)实验、P 糖蛋白(P gp)活性检测实验、活性氧检测及克隆形成实验研究铜对肠道上皮Caco 2细胞的毒性及可能作用机制 ,同时利用Caco 2细胞和肠炎沙门氏菌为模型 ,研究铜对Caco 2细胞对细菌侵入和存活易感性的影响。结果　在一定的暴露场景下 ,铜可明显地降低细胞的活力 ,抑制细胞膜表面P gp的活性 ,促进细胞内活性氧自由基的产生 ,降低细胞的克隆形成能力。此外 ,细胞经铜暴露后 ,肠炎沙门氏菌侵入细胞的数量增加 ,但细胞内存活的细菌数量却下降。结论　过量的铜可导致Caco 2细胞氧化损伤 ,从而引起更广泛的细胞毒性效应 ,但其对细胞对细菌侵入和存活易感性的影响有待进一步研究。     

重庆市2010-2013年人群疾病负担研究

目的 分析重庆市人群所患疾病的健康损失和经济损失负担,为制定疾病防控策略提供可靠的科学依据。方法 采用伤残调整生命年(DALY)测量重庆市2010-2013年人群疾病的健康损失,以二步模型法计算直接经济负担,将DALY与人力资本法结合测算疾病的间接经济负担。结果 2010-2013年重庆市DALY(/1 000人)损失分别为123.90、127.01、123.30和125.99。其中疾病负担模式以非传染性疾病为主(83%~87%),其次为损伤,最低的为传染性疾病。2010-2013年前五位疾病分类均为呼吸系统疾病、循环系统疾病、恶性肿瘤、意外伤害、精神神经疾病。2013年重庆市疾病总经济负担为1 621.34亿元,其中直接经济负担和间接经济负担分别为794.42亿元和826.92亿元,主要负担在循环系统疾病、呼吸系统疾病、损伤、恶性肿瘤和肌肉骨骼和结缔组织疾病等疾病。结论 呼吸系统疾病、循环系统疾病、恶性肿瘤、损伤给重庆市居民带来了严重的健康和经济损失负担,应重点加强这些疾病的预防和控制。