社区无症状2型糖尿病优先筛查人群研究

目的 探索社区糖尿病优先筛查人群的选择依据.方法 利用2010年中国慢性病与危险因素监测浙江省的数据,采用决策树方法对社区全人群以及男性、女性、年龄大于45岁、高血压、血脂异常、超重肥胖、腰围增大7类不同特征人群进行分类分析.结果 腰围增大并伴有糖尿病家族史的人群是社区全人群糖尿病优先筛查人群,该人群糖尿病患病率为28.21％ (11/39).7类不同特征人群糖尿病优先筛查人群及其患病率均不一致.对社区全人群糖尿病优先筛查人群进行筛查,平均发现每例糖尿病筛查成本为71元,其中超重肥胖人群平均发现每例糖尿病筛查成本最低(38元),男性人群平均发现每例糖尿病筛查成本最高(84元).结论 利用决策树法可以得出腰围增大并伴有糖尿病家族史的人群糖尿病患病率较高,该方法确定糖尿病优先筛查人群需要调查的危险因素更少,操作也更加简便,更适合社区用于糖尿病筛查.     

指尖毛细血管空腹血糖筛查糖尿病和糖尿病前期的切点及应用

目的 探讨指尖毛细血管空腹血糖(指尖FPG)筛检社区45岁以上人群糖尿病和糖尿病前期[空腹血糖受损(IFG)、糖耐量低减(IGT)]的切点,为人群普查提供依据.方法 随机整群抽取保定市3个社区,以社区内45岁以上居民3250人为筛查对象.对指尖FPG≥5.1 mmol/L者进行75 g口服葡萄糖耐量试验(OGTT),测空腹血糖及服糖2 h静脉血浆血糖(2hPG),诊断糖尿病和糖尿病前期.应用受试者工作(ROC)曲线确定糖尿病及IFG、IGT的切点,判断诊断价值.结果 检出糖尿病230例(7.3%),IFG 166例(5.2%),IGT 204例(6.7%);以指尖FPG为测试变量,以是否FPG≥7.0 mmol/L及或2hPG≥11.1 mmol/L为说明变量ROC曲线分析,曲线下面积为0.905,最佳切点为6.0 mmol/L,最大灵敏度和特异度分别是78.0%和89.3%;以是否FPG<5.6 mmol/L、是否FPG<7.0 mmol/L及7.8 mmol/L≤2hPG≤11.1 mmol/L为说明变量ROC曲线分析,曲线下面积分别为0.633、0.719,最佳切点均为5.7 mmol/L,灵敏度和特异度均较低(50.3%、28.0%;60.8%、28.0%).结论 用指尖FPG 6.0mmol/L为切点筛查45岁以上人群糖尿病,相对可靠;但指尖FPG筛查IFG、IGT不可靠.指尖FPG筛查社区人群简便、快捷,有一定的应用意义.     

上海市静安区糖尿病高危人群筛查结果分析

目的对上海市静安区糖尿病高危人群的筛查结果进行分析,为社区糖尿病防治提供依据。方法对上海市静安区35岁及以上常住居民进行糖尿病风险评估,对符合糖尿病高危人群标准的居民进行体格检查及实验室检测,并对结果进行分析。结果共筛查14 523名糖尿病高危人群,糖尿病和糖尿病前期的检出率分别是10.11%和11.30%。随着年龄的增长,糖尿病及糖尿病前期的检出率逐渐升高。多因素logistic回归模型显示:年龄≥40岁、有糖尿病前期史、家族史、高血压、血脂异常、长期接受抗精神病药物和(或)抗抑郁药物治疗、超重/肥胖/中心型肥胖与糖尿病的检出有关联。年龄≥40岁、有糖尿病前期史、家族史、血脂异常、巨大儿生产史或妊娠糖尿病史、长时间静坐、超重/肥胖/中心型肥胖与糖尿病前期的检出有关联。结论应重视社区糖尿病高危人群的筛查工作,并采取针对性的干预措施,以减少高危人群中糖尿病的发生率及糖尿病前期向糖尿病的转变。     

农村社区门诊糖尿病筛查效果与成本效果分析

目的:分析农村社区门诊糖尿病筛查效果和成本效果,为农村社区糖尿病筛查综合策略制定提供依据。方法:对某乡镇社区卫生服务机构1 639例年龄≥35岁门诊首诊病人进行问卷调查和糖尿病筛查,测算筛查成本、成本效果比和增量成本效果比。结果:年龄≥35岁门诊首诊病人糖尿病筛查成本为7 140.00元(中心和服务站分别为2 472.5元和4 667.5元),糖尿病患者检出率为1.2%(中心和服务站分别为2.2%和0.7%),成本效果比为375.79元/例(中心和服务站分别为291.72元/例、666.79元/例);随着筛查年龄切点的增高,筛查成本、成本效果比和增量成本效果比减小。结论:门诊首诊病人测血糖为农村社区糖尿病筛查提供经济、有效和可行的新途径,优先考虑45岁为筛查年龄切点。     

14种非损伤糖尿病筛查风险评分模型的流行病学特征及其验证

目的总结公开发表的非损伤糖尿病筛查风险评分模型的特点,利用广州市人群进行验证,为建立广州市人群的风险评分模型提供参考。方法查阅国内外文献,选择出非损伤糖尿病筛查风险评分模型,总结文献与模型的特点及其诊断试验评价结果等流行病学特征,并用广州市人群数据来验证各模型在广州市人群中的可重复性。结果共有13篇文献的14个模型纳入研究。各模型使用的预测指标主要包括8类,分别为年龄、肥胖相关指标、性别、糖尿病家族史、高血压史、运动相关指标、吸烟和类固醇药使用史。约登指数最小为1.208,最大值为1.521,中位数为1.400。受试者工作特性曲线下面积(AUC)最小为0.673,最大为0.884,中位数为0.756。广州市人群数据中的AUC与原文相比,2个增加,12个减少;约登指数与原文比较,使用原文切点时,12个减少,1个增大,使用最佳切点时,11个减少,3个增大。结论 13个文献的14种非损伤糖尿病筛查风险评分模型绝大部分设计合理,结果可靠,在广州市人群中表现尚可,对于建立广州市人群的风险评分模型具有相当大的参考意义。     

HbAlc6．3％：中国人糖尿病诊断标准

长久以来,HbAlc一直被作为评价糖尿病血糖控制水平的监测指标。2009年6月,美国糖尿病学会（ADh）、国际糖尿病联盟（IDF）和欧洲糖尿病学会（EASD）组成的国际专家委员会建议HbAlc≥6．5％作为糖尿病诊断标准。2010年ADA颁布的新指南已将HbAlc≥6．5％列为糖尿病诊断标准之一,并将HbAlc≥5．7％作为糖尿病筛查标准之一。然而,应用HbAlc诊断糖尿病的切点存在种族差异。     

空腹血糖联合糖尿病风险量表筛查社区人群糖尿病效果评价

目的采用空腹血糖(FPG)联合糖尿病风险量表的方法在社区人群中进行糖尿病早期筛查,探究高效的筛查方式,达到降低糖尿病前期(IGR)人群向糖尿病转化目的。方法采用整群随机抽样方法,选取2014年1月—2018年1月山东黄河医院所辖社区的56 718名居民健康档案,按照糖尿病高危人群筛查标准,对45岁及以上符合标准的居民采用FPG联合丹麦糖尿病危险因素(DDRS)量表对无症状糖尿病高危人群进行筛查,并对糖尿病高危人群危险因素进行分析,探究筛查方法的效果,以山东省居民健康档案相关体检中血糖数值为基础,将患者分为正常血糖(NGR)、IGR和糖尿病(DM) 3类。结果 2型糖尿病(T2DM) 940例(20.08%),女性高于男性,≥65岁年龄组为所有年龄组中最高(9.21%),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),IGR为1 026例(21.91%),不同性别比较无统计学差异(P>0.05);IGR组中腹型肥胖和血压异常检出率高于其他危险因素检出率,组内比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);T2DM组中IGT或IFG史的检出率高,与其他危险因素比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);FPG联合DDRS量表筛查糖尿病及IGR敏感度高。FPB联合DDRS的方法在≥29的切点取得最大灵敏度74.57%,特异度82.32%。结论 FPG联合DDRS量表可以作为社区筛查糖尿病高危人群的有效方法。     

代谢综合征肥胖指标诊断及其切点研究

目的 评价各种肥胖指标诊断代谢综合征(MS)的效果,确定最佳切点.方法 对辽宁省沈阳市某高校1 907名在职及退休职工进行人体测量、检测生理及血液指标;MS标准采用国际糖尿病联盟标准(IDF标准)和中华医学会糖尿病学分会建议标准(CDS标准);应用受试者工作特征曲线(ROC曲线)筛选腰围、体重指数(BMI)、腰围身高比(WSR)、腰臀比(WHR)中诊断MS效果最好的肥胖指标,以最大约登指数确定切点.结果 WSR最佳切点为男性53,女性为51;IDF标准下,腰围最佳切点男性为90 cm,女性为80 cm;CDS标准下,BMI最佳切点男性为24.6,女性为25.6;WSR在ROC曲线下面积最大,诊断MS的效果显著优于BMI(均P＜0.05);WSR最佳切点以上者与正常者比较,MS危险因素聚集的危险度明显升高(P＜O.05).将WSR控制在切点以下,可能防止人群中41.3%-44.6%的MS危险因素聚集.结论 WSR是诊断MS最简单有效的肥胖指标.     

基于泛Cobb-Douglas函数的糖尿病相关因素及腹围切点研究

目的 探讨人体测量学指标、高血压、脂代谢异常与糖尿病密切相关性,探索性提出健康管理中初期预防人群糖尿病及心血管危险因素中设定的有关人体测量学指标的干预意义。 方法 采用泛Cobb-Douglas函数的代谢综合征危险系数模型,对2011年陕西电力系统员工体检数据进行了多元回归分析,分析糖尿病与心血管危险因素、人体测量学指标及生化指标之间的相关关系,并对高血糖发生风险进行总体评价。 结果 不同人群罹患糖尿病的综合危险系数由高到低依次为男性40岁及以上组(0.564)、女性40岁及以上组(0.451)、男性40岁以下组(0.278)、女性40岁以下组(0.223)。参数估计的结果显示,除40岁以下女性组外,其他三组人群罹患糖尿病相关因素中,大腹围类型的肥胖是仅次于高血压的第二危险因素,应予以重点干预。大腹围型肥胖与中老年人群代谢综合征发病明显相关,在对腹围(WC)指标切点的选定进行了研究评价中:女性年龄≥40岁的WC合理切点为81 cm,<40岁的WC合理切点为79 cm,男性≥40岁的WC合理切点为86 cm, <40岁的WC合理切点为84 cm。使用SPSS 18.0软件进一步计算各组对象的高血糖ROC曲线下面积,验证上述参数估计结果,腹围除40岁以下女性外,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。 结论 在陕西电力系统职工中,根据国际糖尿病联盟(IDF)标准的WC切点和本地区切点略有差异,建议根据不同年龄段和性别确定WC合理切点作为糖尿病及代谢综合征干预的有效人体测量学指标,通过生活方式的健康管理干预,加强和全面提高该地区人群的身体素质。     

中国成年人群糖尿病筛查肥胖相关身体测量指标分布特征及其适宜切点

目的了解中国成年人群糖尿病(DM)筛查肥胖相关身体测量指标分布特征及其适宜切点,为DM的预防控制提供科学依据。方法于2009年9—12月采用分层整群随机抽样方法对在黑龙江、辽宁、河南、山东、江苏、湖北、湖南、广西和贵州9个省抽取的8 824名中国成年人群进行体格检查和空腹血糖检测;采用受试者工作特征曲线(ROC)分析各肥胖相关身体测量指标筛检DM的价值,并根据约登指数确定其适宜切点值。结果调查的8 824名中国成年人群中,DM患病673例,DM患病率为7.63%;男性DM患病率为8.85%,高于女性的6.50%,差异有统计学意义(χ~2=17.04,P0.001);不同年龄成年人群比较,不同年龄男性和女性人群肥胖相关身体测量指标差异均有统计学意义(均P0.001);在中国成年男性中,腰围(WC)是最适宜筛检DM的肥胖相关身体测量指标,其在18岁~、35岁~、55岁~和≥75岁年龄组筛检DM的受试者工作特征曲线下面积(AUC)均0.70,WC的适宜切点分别为88.10、84.15、86.90和87.5 cm;在中国成年女性中,筛检DM的适宜肥胖相关身体测量指标随年龄不同呈多元化,腰臀比(WHpR)、腰围身高比(WHtR)和体质指数(BMI)分别为18岁~、35岁~、≥55岁女性人群最适宜筛检DM的肥胖相关身体测量指标,各AUC均0.67,18岁~人群WHpR、35岁~人群WHtR、35岁~和≥75岁人群BM I的适宜切点分别为0.824、0.528、23.110 kg/m2和21.432 kg/m~2。结论 WC对中国成年男性人群DM具有较好的筛检价值,WHpR、WHtR和BMI分别对中国18岁~、35岁~、≥55岁女性人群具有较好的筛检价值。     

The importance of definition in diagnosing obesity: a review of studies of children in China

The prevalence of childhood overweight and obesity in China has increased in recent decades. However, studies reported from China use several different definitions and growth references, making it difficult to compare the rates of obesity from different regions. It also makes it difficult to establish the extent of secular trends in obesity and to make international comparisons. This article reviews the definitions of childhood obesity used in Chinese studies published over the past 10 years. The majority (79%) of the Chinese studies used a definition of >120% of the mean value of the National Center for Health Statistics reference population to diagnose childhood obesity. Only 7 studies (9%) conducted in China measured childhood obesity using age-specific and sex-specific body mass index (BMI) cutoffs, including International Obesity Task Force cutoffs, Centers for Disease Control 2000 and World Health Organization 2006 BMI curves, and Chinese BMI curves. It is important that a consistent and applicable definition is used and all studies accurately define the obesity with growth reference, cutoff criteria, sample selection, and age distribution. The use of sex-specific and age-specific BMI cutoffs should be considered when undertaking future studies of obesity in Chinese children.     

沿海大城市与北方乡村学生超重/肥胖检出率比较分析

目的对体重指数（BMI）标准和新建腰围界值点在参照人群中筛查超重、肥胖结果进行比较,验证后者的有效性。方法以两部分参照人群（沿海大城市和北方乡村）为目标人群,对象分别有27 256名和35 932名,7～22岁汉族大中小学生。同时使用BMI、腰围标准筛查超重、肥胖,分析筛查一致率。结果腰围界值点所筛超重、肥胖率显著高于BMI标准;两项标准的筛查结果不一致率很高,原因与腰围标准的超重、肥胖界值点设置偏低有关;界值的偏低程度肥胖大于超重,女大于男。超重/肥胖错判率北方乡村群体显著高于大城市,与前者较低的体格发育水平关联。结论腰围界值点应适度提高,减少错筛率。就提高腰围标准的准确性提出建议。     

The choice of cutoffs for obesity and the effect of those values on risk factor estimation

Several studies have examined risk factors for overweight and obesity. However, inconsistent results have been observed for estimations of some risk factors, such as the infant feeding method, and for their link to childhood obesity. These studies originated from different countries and used different body mass index cutoffs to define overweight and obesity. Using a theoretical approach and data obtained in preschoolers, we show that the identification of genuine risk factors for overweight or obesity does not depend on the choice of the reference system. However, for meaningful international comparisons, in particular for those of prevalence, studies should also report estimates by using a widely accepted international reference system.     

Five-year obesity incidence in the transition period between adolescence and adulthood: the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health

BACKGROUND: No nationally representative longitudinal data have been analyzed to evaluate the incidence of obesity in the transition between adolescence and adulthood. OBJECTIVE: The objective was to examine dynamic patterns of change in obesity among white, black, Hispanic, and Asian US teens as they transitioned to young adulthood. DESIGN: We used nationally representative, longitudinally measured height and weight data collected from US adolescents enrolled in wave II (1996; ages 13-20 y) and wave III (2001; 19-26 y) of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (n = 9795). Obesity incidence was defined on the basis of International Obesity Task Force (IOTF) cutoffs (wave II), which link childhood body mass index (BMI) centiles to adult cutoffs (BMI > or = 30; wave III), for comparability between adolescence and adulthood. In addition, the more commonly used cutoff of BMI > or = 95th percentile for age- and sex-specific cutoffs from the 2000 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention growth charts for adolescents (wave II) were compared with adult cutoffs (BMI > or = 30; wave III). RESULTS: On the basis of the IOTF cutoffs, obesity incidence over the 5-y study period was 12.7%; 9.4% of the population remained obese and 1.6% shifted from obese to nonobese. Obesity incidence was especially high in non-Hispanic black (18.4%) females relative to white females. The prevalence of obesity increased from 10.9% in wave II to 22.1% in wave III, and extreme obesity was 4.3% at wave III on the basis of a BMI > or = 40. CONCLUSIONS: During a 5-y transitional period between adolescence and young adulthood, the proportion of adolescents becoming and remaining obese into adulthood was very high. This upward trend is likely to continue. Effective preventive and treatment efforts are critically needed.     

Prevalence and factors affecting underweight,overweight and obesity using Asian and World Health Organization cutoffs among adults in Nepal: Analysis of the Demographic and Health Survey 2016

ObjectiveThere is a little published data on prevalence and determinants of underweight, overweight and obesity among adults in Nepal. This study analysed the cross-sectional Nepal Demographic and Health Survey (NDHS) 2016 to obtain these using the World Health Organization (WHO) and Asian-specific cutoffs of body mass index (BMI).MethodsThe 2016 NDHS used a multistage cluster-sampling design to obtain data on major health indicators in Nepal. The BMI cutoffs for underweight was <18.5 kg/m². The BMI cutoffs for overweight/obesity as per the Asian and WHO classifications were ≥23, and ≥25 kg/m², respectively. After reporting the prevalence according to sex and background characteristics, multilevel logistic regression was conducted to estimate odds ratios.SubjectsThis analysis included 12,652 adults (5283 males and 7369 females) with a median age of 40 years (interquartile range [IQR]: 28–54).ResultsThe overall median BMI was 21.5 kg/m² (IQR:19.3–24.3). The overall prevalence of underweight was 16.7% (15.1% among males and 17.1% among females). The Asian-specific BMI cutoffs found the prevalence of overweight and obesity as 26.4% (27.4% among males and 25.6% among females) and 11.0% (7.7% among males and 13.3% among females), respectively. The WHO-recommended BMI cutoffs found 18.2% people overweight (16.7% among males and 19.3% among females) and 4.3% (2.5% among males and 5.6% among females) people obese. The prevalence and odds of extreme body weight categories (i.e., underweight, overweight and obesity) varied according to age, sex, education level, household wealth status, place, ecological zone and provinces of residence as per both recommended cutoffs. Overall, higher education level and wealth status were positively associated with overweight/obesity and inversely associated with underweight as per both cutoffs.ConclusionA large proportion Nepalese adults have either underweight, overweight or obesity, and could be at a greater risk of mortality and morbidity due to these extreme body weight categories. It is essential to address the factors or characteristics that are associated with the higher prevalence and likelihood of these extreme body weight categories to reduce the overall burden of underweight and overweight/obesity in Nepal.     

Body mass index cutoffs for underweight, overweight, and obesity in South Korean schoolgirls

OBJECTIVES: To establish BMI percentiles and cutoffs for underweight, overweight, and obesity in South Korean schoolgirls. RESEARCH METHODS AND PROCEDURES: A total of 1229 South Korean schoolgirls aged 8 to 18 years were randomly selected to complete a self-administered questionnaire. BMI charts and cutoffs were constructed after analyzing data from 1107 subjects. Percentile curves were established by the modified LMS method. RESULTS: The percentiles for underweight, overweight, and obesity corresponding to BMI of 18.5, 23.0, and 25.0 kg/m2 at age 18 were the 13.0th percentile, the 77.8th percentile, and the 91.2nd percentile, respectively. The corresponding prevalences of underweight, overweight, and obesity were 12.1, 12.5, and 9.8%, respectively. DISCUSSION: We established for the first time, to our knowledge, new BMI cutoffs for ages 8 to 18 that corresponded to BMIs of 18.5, 23.0, and 25.0 kg/m2 for Asian adults designated by the International Obesity Task Force. These newly established BMI cutoffs might help to estimate the prevalence of overweight and obesity in Asian children.     

我国大城市与南方乡村学生两类超重/肥胖筛查标准比较

目的了解体质量指数(BMI)标准和新建腰围界值点在参照人群中筛查超重、肥胖的有效性,为建立合适的腰围界位点提供参考。方法分别选取我国大城市和南方乡村7～22岁汉族学生27256名和40270名,同时使用BMI、腰围标准筛查超重和肥胖,分析筛查结果一致率。结果腰围标准所筛超重、肥胖率显著高于BMI标准,结果一致率较低,原因可能与腰围超重、肥胖界值点设置偏低有关;界值点偏低程度肥胖大于超重,女生大于男生,导致超重/肥胖错判率南方乡村群体显著高于大城市同龄者,与前者较低的体格发育水平有关。结论腰围界值点应适度提高,以降低错筛率。     

Race-ethnicity-specific waist circumference cutoffs for identifying cardiovascular disease risk factors

BACKGROUND: Waist circumferences (WCs) in white men and women that represent a risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) equivalent to that of body mass indexes (BMIs; in kg/m2) of 25 and 30 have been identified. However, WC cutoffs for other race-ethnicity groups remain unknown. OBJECTIVE: The objective was to determine WC cutoffs for CVD risk in non-Hispanic blacks (blacks), Mexican Americans (MA), and non-Hispanic whites (whites). DESIGN: Data from 10,969 participants in the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (1988-1994) were analyzed. The presence of CVD risk factors was the main outcome. Sex- and race-ethnicity-specific WC cutoffs were determined with logistic regression models by linking WC cutoffs with equivalent CVD risk based on BMI cutoffs for overweight and obesity. WC cutoffs for metabolic syndrome risk factors were similarly calculated. RESULTS: Correlations between WC and lipid profiles, blood pressure, and glucose were significantly higher than those between BMI and these same variables in all groups. The WC cutoffs were approximately 5-6 cm greater for white than for black men at BMIs between 25 and 40, and those for MA were intermediate. In women, few differences in WC cutoffs were observed between the groups. Simplified WC cutoffs corresponding to BMIs of 25 and 30, largely independent of age, for the 3 race-ethnicity groups were 89 and 101 cm for men and 83 and 94 cm for women. Minimal distances in receiver operating characteristic curves tended to be shorter when WC cutoffs rather than BMI cutoffs were used. CONCLUSIONS: WC is a better indicator of CVD risk than is BMI in the 3 race-ethnicity groups studied. The proposed WC cutoffs are more sensitive than are BMI cutoffs in predicting CVD risk.     

Prevalence of overweight and obesity in Irish school children, using four different definitions

OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of overweight and obesity in Irish children using four different weight-for-height methods and to examine secular trends from previous national data. DESIGN: A cross-sectional survey. Weight and height were measured according to standard procedures and used to determine the prevalence of overweight and obesity using four weight-for-height methods of assessment, actual relative weight, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention body mass index (BMI) for age charts for boys and girls, the BMI reference curves for the UK 1990 and the International Obesity Task Force age- and sex-specific BMI cutoffs. SETTING: The survey was carried out between 2003 and 2004 in the Republic of Ireland. SUBJECTS: Random representative sample of 596 children aged 5-12 years. RESULTS: The prevalence of overweight and obesity in Irish children is high, but varies considerably with each method. The prevalence of obesity in boys ranged from 4.1 to 11.2 % and in girls from 9.3 to 16.3%. Between 1990 and 2005, depending on the method used, there was a two-to-fourfold increase in obesity in children aged 8-12 years. CONCLUSION: It is evident given the variation displayed in the prevalence of obesity when using the different methods, that there is a discernible need for a single definition to identify the obese child in Ireland. The findings show a high prevalence of overweight and obesity in Irish school children and the increase in the prevalence of obesity over the last 15 years highlights this growing public health issue.     

Prospective study of optimal obesity index cutoffs for predicting development of multiple metabolic risk factors: the korean genome and epidemiology study

Background: In this prospective cohort study, we estimated the risk of developing more than 1 metabolic risk factor, using different obesity indices. In addition, we investigated the relative usefulness of the obesity indices for predicting development of such risk factors and calculated optimal cutoffs for the obesity indices.Methods: The cohort comprised 10 038 representative residents of a small city and a rural county who were recruited in 2001-2002. Follow-up examinations were conducted every 2 years. Among the 3857 participants without metabolic syndrome at baseline, 1102 new cases occurred during the 6-year follow-up. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves for the obesity indices were plotted to compare the usefulness of the obesity indices.Results: The numbers of new cases of multiple metabolic risk factors among people in the highest quintiles of body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), waist-hip ratio (WHR), and waist-height ratio at the baseline examination were 2 to 3 times those in the lowest quintiles. The area under the ROC curve for WHR was significantly higher than that for BMI. The optimal BMI cutoff was 24 kg/m(2) in men and women, and the optimal WC cutoffs were 80 cm and 78 cm in men and women, respectively.Conclusions: Both overall obesity and central obesity predicted risk of developing multiple metabolic risk factors, and WHR appeared to be a better discriminator than BMI. To prevent development of metabolic diseases among Koreans, it might be useful to lower the cutoff for abdominal obesity, as defined by WC.