我国医学各学科的h指数比较与聚类分析

学科h指数是指"某学科有h篇被引h次以上的论文",该指数均衡地考虑了学科学术产出的质量与数量.本文统计数据表明我国的医学各学科间存在着学科h指数的差异,各学科h指数可用于标准化各学科专家个人的h指数值,使其具有学科之间的可比性.以h指数等3项数据将我国医学各学科聚为4类,可用于指导医学学科的分类管理与评估.     

期刊P指数与其他评价指标相关性探讨

为研究P指数对期刊绩效评价的效能,并探讨其与传统评价指标之间的关系,采用统计学方法,以2008-2012年CSSCI收录图书情报类核心期刊为研究对象,考察了P指数与h 指数、五年影响因子、被引频次等传统文献计量学指标的关联关系。结果表明：P指数与被引频次、平均被引率、五年影响因子相关性显著,与h指数具有一定相关性。在此基础上,建立了P指数与五年影响因子、h指数的回归方程。     

中国SCI期刊的h指数与影响因子比较

测量影响因子排在前50名的中国SCI期刊(不含港、澳、台期刊)的h指数,并依h指数对期刊重新排序,发现有21种期刊排名位次下降、28种上升、1种不变。与影响因子相比,期刊h指数能够深刻揭示期刊的原始创新能力,以及整体的、长期的影响力。h指数能够纠正载文量低、综述类文献等因素对期刊影响因子的虚增效应或误差,也能部分消除学科因素的影响。h指数对于大载文量和低影响因子期刊而言,是一个更客观、更适宜的评价指标。     

文献计量评价的新指标：h指数

简述了h指数的定义和全球科学家对h指数的评价,着重介绍了h指数的在个人绩效和科技期刊影响力方面的应用,提出了h指数应用中应注意的几个问题。     

宝鸡市陇县蚊虫种群调查研究

目的了解陇县蚊类种群构成及生态习性。方法对县区6类不同生态环境定时、定人、定点进行蚊虫孳生地及蚊幼虫、成虫密度监测。结果陇县城区采获蚊虫4属6种,淡色库蚊和三带喙库蚊为优势蚊种。7~9月间,蚊幼虫平均容器指数为52.02,房屋指数为55.45;成蚊帐诱法监测密度为8.85只/h,人工小时法监测密度为42.5只/h,诱蚊灯法监测密度为4.29只/h。成蚊密度农村居民区较高,骚扰阿蚊、三带喙库蚊主要分布在牛圈、室内,白纹伊蚊仅在轮胎堆放处等特殊场所分布。结论初步摸清了陇县蚊类的种群构成和生态分布,为开展蚊虫防治,预防虫媒传染病发生提供了科学依据。     

广州某高校医学生膳食质量评价

目的了解广州市某高校医学生膳食营养状况,为开展营养教育提供科学依据。方法采用整群抽样方法,对广州市某高校147名医学生进行24 h膳食回顾法调查,采用膳食平衡指数法进行分析。结果医学生水果类、豆类、奶类、蛋类、蔬菜类、畜禽肉类摄入量均高于全国平均水平,谷薯类摄入量低于全国水平。膳食平衡指数法发现,该校医学生的主要膳食问题是谷类、蔬菜水果、奶豆类和水产类摄入不足。结论有必要对医学生开展针对性的营养教育,增加谷类、蔬菜水果、奶豆类和水产类的摄入。     

考虑合著者的h指数的修正－国际研究回顾

随着h指数广泛应用于科研工作者的评价,它没有考虑合著者的缺陷也暴露出来,这影响了h指数作为评价指标的公正性。本文介绍了几种常用的考虑合著者的h指数的修正方法,并分析了各个方法的优缺点。     

hd指数评价期刊网络传播力的探讨

针对目前期刊网络传播力评价相对薄弱的状况,提出了运用h指数评价期刊网络传播力的设想。首先阐释了运用基于下载频次的h指数评价期刊网络传播力的可行性和必要性,然后又以CNKI为数据源,选取法律学核心期刊为研究对象,通过实证说明了基于下载量的期刊h指数的计算方法,分析了运用h指数评价期刊网络传播力的有效性和合理性,最后探讨了其局限性。     

舟山市2011年地表水源地水质评价

[目的]利用一种地表水源地水质评价模型,对舟山群岛各种生活饮用水水源进行检测与评价,了解该市2011年多种水源水的水质状况,为确保饮用水安全提供依据. [方法]对2011年舟山群岛各种地表水源水211份样品(来源包括不同水源、区域、水厂、季度)28项指标进行检测.按照检测指标对健康影响的程度,把评价指标分成毒理类(第一类)、有机污染类(第二类)和一般化学类(第三类).灵活选取转换指数法、加权平均法、最差因子判别法和内梅罗法等综合指数计算模式和专家咨询法赋予各类指标健康权重,求得类综合指数后,再采用加权平均法求得综合指数后进行综合评价,并对样品检测结果进行分类与综合评价. [结果]舟山群岛2011年所有地表水源水中,第一类指数为0.24±0.13,属Ⅰ类水;第二类指数为0.87±0.68,属Ⅴ类水;第三类指数为0.29±0.18,属Ⅰ类水;综合指数为0.40±0.19,属Ⅰ类水.在常用的3种水源中,水库水水质最好,其一、三类类指数评价和综合指数评价结果都达到了Ⅰ类水源水的标准,第二类指数评级为Ⅲ类水;大陆引水水质次之,其第二类污染指标评级为Ⅴ类水;河道水质最差,其第二类污染指标评级为劣Ⅴ类水,综合指数评级为Ⅲ类水. [结论]舟山群岛地表水源水水质基本符合国家《地表水环境质量标准》,但大陆引水和河道水水质的有机污染比较严重.     

城市外环境灭蝇袋与捕蝇笼灭蝇效率比较

目的 比较灭蝇袋和捕蝇笼在城市外环境灭蝇效率的差异,为蝇类防治工作提供参考。方法 以蝇密度表示捕蝇效率,计算Shannon-Weiner指数蝇种属的多样性,用t检验比较差异显著性。结果 共计捕蝇3 608只,其中灭蝇袋捕蝇3 036只,捕蝇笼捕蝇572只。灭蝇袋法密度为(0.346±0.202)只/(袋·h),捕蝇笼法密度为(0.059±0.039)只/(笼·h),二者有显著统计学差异(t=5.105,P<0.01)。灭蝇袋和捕蝇笼均捕获蝇类12属。灭蝇袋法Shannon-Weiner多样性指数为1.621,捕蝇笼法Shannon-Weiner多样性指数为1.859,二者有显著统计学差异(t=5.97,P<0.01)。结论 灭蝇袋的灭蝇效率显著高于捕蝇笼。     

Indices of diet quality

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: The present review provides an overview of the different dietary quality indices in use. In the first decades, most indices were developed for the general adult population and were based on the American dietary guidelines and the Mediterranean diet. This review focuses on new, other dietary quality indices with special attention to the make-up of the score and methodological issues. RECENT FINDINGS: Most of the new diet quality indices are based on the national dietary recommendations in Europe and Australia. In addition, one index is based on international recommendations and two indices use recommendations for the prevention of specific diseases. In addition, there are dietary scores that focus on specific groups (children, pregnant women), and on dietary variety or diversity. SUMMARY: The use of diet quality indices becomes more widespread and tailored to the specific purpose and population. However, different approaches are also due to arbitrary choices because of lacking knowledge on healthy diets and unsolved methodological issues. The ways of dealing with differences in energy intake, scoring each component, and combining the different components into one measure are aspects that still need further research.     

Thermal comfort and the heat stress indices

Thermal stress is an important factor in many industrial situations, athletic events and military scenarios. It can seriously affect the productivity and the health of the individual and diminish tolerance to other environmental hazards. However, the assessment of the thermal stress and the translation of the stress in terms of physiological and psychological strain is complex. For over a century attempts have been made to construct an index, which will describe heat stress satisfactorily. The many indices that have been suggested can be categorized into one of three groups: "rational indices", "empirical indices", or "direct indices". The first 2 groups are sophisticated indices, which integrate environmental and physiological variables; they are difficult to calculate and are not feasible for daily use. The latter group comprises of simple indices, which are based on the measurement of basic environmental variables. In this group 2 indices are in use for over four decades: the "wet-bulb globe temperature" (WBGT) index and the "discomfort index" (DI). The following review summarizes the current knowledge on thermal indices and their correlates to thermal sensation and comfort. With the present knowledge it is suggested to adopt the DI as a universal heat stress index.     

Development of a new instrument for evaluating leg motions using acceleration sensors (II)

Objective

The purpose of this study was to investigate the characteristics of the average acceleration of elderly people during walking.

Method

The subject cohort comprised nine men and 21 women aged ≥63 years. Subjects walked a 10-m straight course (walk test) which required stepping over six obstacles (hurdle walk test). The average acceleration was calculated from the accelerograms. Functional reach test scores and the Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology (TMIG) index of competence, fall risk assessment, fall experience within the last year, and carelessness were used as standard indices to estimate the dynamic postural movement and fall risk.

Results

The average acceleration during the walk test was not significantly correlated with the standard indices. The average accelerations at the lumbar and knee positions clustered with fall experience and carelessness, while those at the ankle and toe positions clustered with the hurdle walk test, TMIG index of competence, and fall risk assessment. Between the high- and low-risk groups classified by the conventional indices, there was a significant difference in the average acceleration at some measurement positions. The receiver operating characteristic analysis showed the possibility to discriminate the high-risk group according to the standard indices with average acceleration.

Conclusions

The average acceleration during walking may be a composite index that encompasses standard indices and discriminate the high-risk group. As such, it may be a useful tool to estimate the dynamic postural movement and fall risk at all measurement positions.     

Assessment of insulin secretion in relation to insulin resistance

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: In healthy individuals, upregulation of insulin secretion compensates for insulin resistance so that normal glucose tolerance is maintained. Thus insulin secretion should be evaluated in relation to insulin sensitivity, as failure to account for insulin resistance may prevent the detection of beta-cell defects. Numerous studies have considered this problem, but how insulin secretion is regulated by insulin sensitivity and how insulin secretion should be quantitatively expressed to account for sensitivity are issues still under debate. This review will discuss these concepts and the aspects that should be considered for an appropriate solution to the problem. RECENT FINDINGS: While the historical paradigm of a specific hyperbolic relationship between some particular insulin secretion and insulin sensitivity indices has recently been confirmed, it has been suggested that this paradigm is not applicable to all the indices. It has also been suggested that for some relevant insulin secretion indices this relationship may not exist. Thus, the classical insulin secretion index that accounts for sensitivity, the so-called disposition index, should be used cautiously, as it presupposes a hyperbolic relationship. Furthermore, it has been pointed out that the assessment of this relationship requires independency of the indices. SUMMARY: The assessment of insulin secretion in relation to insulin sensitivity is important in the study of glycemic control but requires appropriate methods and cautious interpretations. Blind application of principles that are valid for specific insulin secretion and sensitivity indices may produce false results.     

On a Family of Achievement and Shortfall Inequality Indices

This paper identifies a family of absolute consistent inequality indices using a weakly decomposable postulate suggested by Ebert. Because one member employs an Atkinson type aggregation we refer to it as the Atkinson index of consistent inequality. A second member of this family parallels the Kolm index of inequality. Two innovative features of these indices are that no specific structure is imposed on the form of the index at the outset and no transformation of any existing index is considered to ensure consistency. Each of them regards an achievement distribution as equally unequal as the corresponding shortfall distribution. We apply these indices to study inequality in grip strength among 50+ year‐old Europeans. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

儿童膳食指数法的研究进展

随着对个体饮食复杂性认知日益增加，通过分析整体膳食模式评估膳食特征的研究方法逐渐被广泛探究。膳食指数法是评估膳食模式的一种常见方法。一些国家已建立适用本国儿童膳食及生长发育特点的膳食指数。本研究拟通过对应用较为广泛、具有代表性的儿童膳食指数法进行综述，分析儿童膳食指数建立指标及评分方法特点，为更准确评估儿童整体膳食质量提供方法参考。     

Probabilistic analysis of global performances of diagnostic tests: interpreting the Lorenz curve-based summary measures

Several indices based on the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC curve) have previously been found to possess probabilistic interpretations. However, these interpretations are based on some unrealistic diagnostic scenarios. In this paper, the author presents a new approach using the Lorenz curve. The author found that the summary indices of the Lorenz curve, that is, the Pietra index and the Gini index, can be interpreted in several ways ('average change in post-test probability', 'per cent maximum prognostic information', and 'probability of correct diagnosis'). These interpretations have a close tie with real-world medical diagnosis, suggesting that these indices are proper measures of test characteristics.     

Comparative assessment of three different indices of multimorbidity for studies on health-related quality of life

Background  

Measures of multimorbidity are often applied to source data, populations or outcomes outside the scope of their original developmental work. As the development of a multimorbidity measure is influenced by the population and outcome used, these influences should be taken into account when selecting a multimorbidity index. The aim of this study was to compare the strength of the association of health-related quality of life (HRQOL) with three multimorbidity indices: the Cumulative Illness Rating Scale (CIRS), the Charlson index (Charlson) and the Functional Comorbidity Index (FCI). The first two indices were not developed in light of HRQOL.     

Issues in the construction of wealth indices for the measurement of socio-economic position in low-income countries

Background

Epidemiological studies often require measures of socio-economic position (SEP). The application of principal components analysis (PCA) to data on asset-ownership is one popular approach to household SEP measurement. Proponents suggest that the approach provides a rational fmethod for weighting asset data in a single indicator, captures the most important aspect of SEP for health studies, and is based on data that are readily available and/or simple to collect. However, the use of PCA on asset data may not be the best approach to SEP measurement. There remains concern that this approach can obscure the meaning of the final index and is statistically inappropriate for use with discrete data. In addition, the choice of assets to include and the level of agreement between wealth indices and more conventional measures of SEP such as consumption expenditure remain unclear. We discuss these issues, illustrating our examples with data from the Malawi Integrated Household Survey 2004–5.

Methods

Wealth indices were constructed using the assets on which data are collected within Demographic and Health Surveys. Indices were constructed using five weighting methods: PCA, PCA using dichotomised versions of categorical variables, equal weights, weights equal to the inverse of the proportion of households owning the item, and Multiple Correspondence Analysis. Agreement between indices was assessed. Indices were compared with per capita consumption expenditure, and the difference in agreement assessed when different methods were used to adjust consumption expenditure for household size and composition.

Results

All indices demonstrated similarly modest agreement with consumption expenditure. The indices constructed using dichotomised data showed strong agreement with each other, as did the indices constructed using categorical data. Agreement was lower between indices using data coded in different ways. The level of agreement between wealth indices and consumption expenditure did not differ when different consumption equivalence scales were applied.

Conclusion

This study questions the appropriateness of wealth indices as proxies for consumption expenditure. The choice of data included had a greater influence on the wealth index than the method used to weight the data. Despite the limitations of PCA, alternative methods also all had disadvantages.     

Waist-to-hip ratio is a better anthropometric index than body mass index for predicting the risk of type 2 diabetes in Taiwanese population

Body mass index (BMI) has been reported to be related to the risk of type 2 diabetes and hypertension. However, waist circumference or waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) can better reflect the accumulation of intra-abdominal fat and might be a better predictor than BMI of the risk of type 2 diabetes and hypertension. We hypothesized that other anthropometric indices rather than BMI could more accurately predict the risk of type 2 diabetes and hypertension. The purpose of this study was to determine which anthropometric index can be a better predictor for forecasting the risk of type 2 diabetes and hypertension in the Taiwanese population. We conducted a cross-sectional study and reviewed data derived from the Nutrition and Health Survey in Taiwan, 1993-1996. The subjects were 2545 men and 2562 women, aged 18 to 96 years. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was used to measure the predictive diabetic and hypertensive performance of each anthropometric measurement based on the area under the curve (AUC). Among 5 anthropometric indices, WHR had a significantly adjusted odds ratio (OR) and the highest AUC (0.72 for men and 0.80 for women) to predict the risk of type 2 diabetes. Although BMI had a significantly adjusted OR, the AUC was not the highest among the 5 anthropometric indices used to predict the risk of hypertension. Our findings suggested that WHR is a better anthropometric index for predicting the risk of type 2 diabetes, and the optimal cutoff values of WHR are considered as 0.89 for men and 0.82 for women in the Taiwanese population.