硝苯地平对高血压患者脑循环血流动力学的影响

目的研究硝苯地平对高血压病人脑循环血流动力学的影响。方法利用脑血管功能检测仪对４５例原发性高血压患者含服硝苯地平前后的血流动力学指标进行检测并分析了指标变化与血压下降间的关系。结果硝苯地平可以增加Ⅰ、Ⅱ期病人颈总动脉血流速度，降低脑血管外周阻力、特性阻抗及脉搏波速度；Ⅰ期各项指标的改善与血压变化无关，Ⅱ、Ⅲ期外周阻力的变化与血压变化有相关性。结论硝苯地平可以改善Ⅰ、Ⅱ期原发性高血压患者的脑循环血流动力学指标，其中直接扩张脑血管可能比降低血压起着更为重要的作用。     

高血压病患者脑血管血流动力学指标的观测

目的:观测和分析高血压病患者脑血管血流动力学指标的变化特征。方法:在门诊患者或体检人群中选择单纯高血压病患者91例,同时选择血压正常者92例（对照组）,进行脑血管血流动力学指标（CVHP）检测,并以统一的方法计算脑血管功能积分。比较两组间CVHP及脑血管功能积分的差异。结果:高血压病组脑血流量、平均脑血流速度、最大脑血流速度、最小脑血流速度、舒张压与临界压差值,显著低于对照组（P<0.05）;外周阻力、特性阻抗、脉搏波波速、动态阻力、临界压显著高于对照组（P<0.05）。高血压病组和对照组的脑血管功能积分分别为81±26和94±13（P<0.01）。结论:高血压病患者的CVHP普遍呈现异常改变,脑血流量、血流速度和脑血管功能积分降低,血管阻力和阻抗等指标升高。     

原发性高血压肱动脉血液动力学的临床研究

目的：研究原发性高血压患者肱动脉血液动力学特征。方法：脉冲多普勒技术和脉搏波传导速度测定法。结果：与正常血压者相比，原发性高血压患者的肱动脉—桡动脉脉搏波传导速度加快，肱动脉内径和前臂阻力增加，平均血流速度、扩张性和顺应性降低，而血流量无明显差异；在反应性充血状态下，两组的肱动脉内径、平均血流速度和血流量增加，前臂阻力减小，但这些改变在正常血压者更为明显。结论：小于６０岁的无并发症的原发性高血压患者已有大动脉损害。     

大豆异黄酮对绝经后妇女脑循环动力学影响的研究

目的观察大豆异黄酮对脑循环动力学参数的影响。方法采用随机研究方法将入选病例50例分为雌激素组10例，60mg、90mg、150mg大豆异黄酮组各10例，对照组10例，检测5组性激素、血脂、脑循环动力学参数指标。结果与对照组比较，60mg／d大豆异黄酮可使血雌激素（E）升高，促黄体生成素（FSH）、促卵泡素（LH）降低，血胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白降低，高密度脂蛋白升高，脑循环动力学指标改善。结论60mg／d大豆异黄酮可使脑血流速度增加，脑血管外周阻力及动态阻力降低。     

降血压治疗对脑血流动力学影响的初步研究

目的 :探讨降血压治疗是否影响脑血流动力学。方法 :应用经颅多普勒超声 (TCD)诊断仪监测原发性高血压患者 32例以硝苯地平及 17例以硝苯地平 +卡托普利降血压前后的脑血流参数 ,以及 11例血压大于 2 0 0 / 130mmHg的脑出血患者不同梯度地降血压前后的TCD血流参数的变化。结果 :三组药物降血压效果均有显著性意义。高血压患者双侧大脑中动脉血流速度 (MFV)降低无统计学意义 ,PI值升高有统计学意义 ;脑出血患者不同梯度降血压健侧和患侧MFV降低、PI升高 ,均有统计学意义 ,而两组药物之间TCD参数差异无统计学意义。结论 :原发性高血压患者脑血管仍有一定的调节功能 ,脑出血患者降血压治疗可能会更降低脑灌注压 ,应慎重应用降压药。     

硝苯地平控释片对高血压病患者血浆生长素和颈动脉硬化的影响

采用硝苯地平控释片治疗原发性高血压患者93例，观察降压治疗前后的血浆生长素（Ghrelin）水平、颈动脉内一中膜厚度（IMT）、管腔直径、血流速度、搏动指数（PI）、阻力指数（Iu）的变化。发现硝苯地平控释片治疗12个月后，降压疗效明显，血浆Ghrelin水平升高，IMT降低。认为硝苯地平控释片降压治疗同时可以提高血浆Ghrelin水平，延缓高血压患者的动脉硬化进程。     

苯那普利对Ⅰ～Ⅱ期原发性高血压病人早期肾功能变化的影响

为研究本那普利对Ⅰ～Ⅱ期原发性高血压病人早期肾功能变化的影响，测定了35例原发性高血压病人在经苯那普利治疗前后的尿N-乙酸葡萄糖胺、β2-微球蛋白、白蛋白的变化，结果表明经苯那普利治疗后，患者上述指标均明显降低，与血压降低呈同步改变。说明苯那普利能明显改善原发性高血压病人的肾功能。     

血压水平与脑血管血流动力学变化趋势

目的:分析和探讨不同血压水平脑血管血流动力学(CVHD)积分和各参数的变化趋势.方法:以整群抽样的方法选择上海市奉贤区某镇40岁以上的常住人口10 565例进行血压和CVHD检测.按高血压定义和分类标准进行分组,即正常血压、正常高值、高血压1级、高血压2级、高血压3级以及单纯性收缩期高血压,比较各组间CVHD积分及各单项指标的差异.结果:上述各组CVHD积分值分别为87.69±21.82、83.13±23.14、69.61±29.35、56.91±28.12、41.69±27.56和67.48±29.65;脑血管平均血流速度、最大血流速度、最小血流速度随着血压水平的增高而呈减慢趋势;脉搏波速、外周阻力、特异性阻抗、动态阻力、临界压水平随着血压水平的增高呈升高趋势.结论:随着血压水平的增高,CVHD损害呈现渐进加重趋势.     

老年高血压患者的无创血流动力学参数与心脏结构变化的关系

目的探讨老年高血压患者的无创血流动力学参数与心脏结构变化的关系。方法入选天津市人民医院心内科住院的老年原发性高血压患者261例,分为高血压Ⅰ组84例、高血压Ⅱ组100例和高血压Ⅲ组77例,选择同期住院的血压正常者58例为对照组,收集一般临床资料,心脏超声检查左心室舒张末期内径(LVEDD)、室间隔厚度、左心室后壁厚度、LVEF,计数左心室质量指数(LVMI),无创血流动力学检测每搏量、外周血管阻力(SVR)、外周血管阻力指数(SVRI)、左心做功指数(LCWI)、无创LVEF等。结果对照组、高血压Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组高血压史、收缩压、舒张压、脉压、左心房内径和LVMI呈明显升高趋势(P<0.05),高血压Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组每搏指数、每搏量、心脏指数、LVEF、LCWI呈明显降低趋势(P<0.05),SVR、SVRI呈明显升高趋势(P<0.05)。SVR和SVRI与每搏量、心排血量、心脏指数、每搏指数、LCWI、无创LVEF呈负相关(P<0.01),与高血压史、收缩压、舒张压、脉压、左心房内径、LVEDD、LVMI呈正相关(P<0.01)。SVRI的ROC曲线下面积为0.676(95%CI:0.610~0.742),诊断左心室肥厚的价值较高(P=0.000)。结论老年高血压患者的无创血流动力学呈现"减排高阻"的现象,临床可用无创血流动力学参数作为心脏结构的评估参考指标。     

经颅多普勒超声定量判断原发性高血压对大脑中动脉的影响

目的 观察原发性高血压对大脑动脉中动脉影响。方法２１８例原发性高血压分为５组：边缘组、Ⅰ期组、Ⅱ期组、Ⅲ组和老年高血压组。用经颅多普勒超声（ＴＣＤ）观察４２２根大脑中动脉的血流动力学参数（９７．２％），包括收缩期、舒张期和平均血流速度、搏动指数、结果高血压各组血流速度，搏动指数与正常组比较显示出统计学意义（Ｐ〈０．０１，Ｐ〈０．０５）；从Ⅱ期高血压开始，血流速度呈下降趋势，搏动指数呈增加趋势，随     

Pathogenesis of carcinoma of the papilla of Vater

Most adenomas and carcinomas of the small intestine and extrahepatic bile ducts arise in the region of the papilla of Vater. In familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) it is the main location for carcinomas after proctocolectomy. In many cases symptoms due to stenosis lead to diagnosis at an early tumor stage. In about 80%, curative intended resection is possible. Operability is the most relevant prognostic factor. Most ampullary carcinomas resp. carcinomas of the papilla of Vater develop from adenomatous or flat dysplastic precursor lesions. They can be sited in the ampulloduodenal part of the papilla of Vater, which is lined by intestinal mucosa. They also can develop in deeper parts of the ampulla, which are lined by pancreaticobiliary duct mucosa. Intestinal-type adenocarcinoma and pancreaticobiliary-type adenocarcinoma represent the main histological types of ampullary carcinoma. Furthermore, there exist unusual types and undifferentiated carcinomas. Many carcinomas of intestinal type express the immunohistochemical marker profile of intestinal mucosa (keratin 7?, keratin 20+, MUC2+). Carcinomas of pancreaticobiliary type usually show the immunohistochemical profile of pancreaticobiliary duct mucosa (keratin 7+, keratin 20?, MUC2?). Even poorly differentiated carcinomas, as well as unusual histological types, may conserve the marker profile of the mucosa they developed from. These findings underline the concept of histogenetically different carcinomas of the papilla of Vater which develop either from intestinal- or from pancreaticobiliary-type mucosa of the papilla of Vater. Molecular alterations in ampullary carcinomas are similar to those of colorectal as well as pancreatic carcinomas, although they appear at different frequencies. In future studies, molecular alterations in ampullary carcinomas should be correlated closely with the different histologic tumor types. Consequently, the histologic classification should reflect the histogenesis of ampullary tumors from the two different types of papillary mucosa.     

Demonstration of the mechanism of action of biguanides

Summary Palmitic acid oxidation in rat diaphragm homogenate is depressed by biguanide concentrations that are still incapable of inhibiting oxidative phosphorylation. Glucose oxidation is not directly effected by the same biguanide concentrations: however, the inhibitory effect of palmitic acid on glucose oxidation is partly removed by biguanides. Inhibition of fatty acid oxidation, which accounts for most of the metabolic effects caused by these drugs, can be regarded as the fundamental mechanism of action of biguanides. There is some evidence suggesting that these drugs might interact with carnitine, thus preventing long-chain fatty acids from being transported across the mitochondrial membrane to the site of oxidation. Traduzione a cura degli AA.     

胰岛素瘤的解剖分布特点分析

目的胰岛素瘤是最常见的胰腺神经内分泌肿瘤，因其临床表现多样，导致诊断困难。影像学诊断尤其是超声内镜(EUS)在胰岛素瘤的诊断中起着重要作用，拥有较高的敏感性和特异性。本研究拟通过明确胰岛素瘤的解剖分布特点，以期有助于提高影像学的诊断准确率和降低漏诊率，尤其是在教育和培训实践中对于EUS的学习者更具有指导价值。 方法回顾性分析解放军总医院第一医学中心病案资料数据库1993年1月至2019年11月经外科手术、病理确诊为胰岛素瘤的患者的临床资料，检索方法采取搜索术后病理诊断为"胰岛素瘤"的病例，通过查阅病例的方法，提取出胰岛素瘤的大小和解剖分布等数据，进一步分析其特点。 结果共检索到确诊为胰岛素瘤的患者116例，其中，男45例、女71例，年龄13～76岁，平均年龄(44.4±14.85)岁。胰岛素瘤单发110例(94.8%)、多发6例(5.2%)。位置分布：头颈部46例(39.7%)，单发45例、多发1例；体尾部68例(58.6%)，单发65例、多发3例；全胰腺多发2例(1.7%)。病变大小特点：最大径0.4～3.4 cm，平均大小(1.53±0.58)cm。≤1 cm 29例、>1 cm而≤1.5 cm41例、>1.5 cm而≤2.0 cm28例，≤3 cm 15例，>3 cm 3例。年龄与肿瘤的大小相关，≤44岁患者肿瘤平均大小为(1.36±0.51)cm、>44岁患者肿瘤平均大小为(1.70±0.60)cm，P<0.05。头颈部的肿瘤大于体尾部的肿瘤，头颈部肿瘤平均大小(1.66±0.63)cm，体尾部(1.42±0.52)cm，P<0.05。 结论胰岛素瘤在胰腺体尾部较头颈部更好发；绝大多数单发，但可以全胰腺多发；多数小于1.5 cm，肿瘤的大小与患者年龄和肿瘤的解剖分布相关。     

氯硝柳胺悬浮剂的毒性评价

目的评价氯硝柳胺悬浮剂的毒性，为现场大规模应用灭螺提供依据。方法按照中华人民共和国国家标准GB 15670-1995《农药登记毒理学试验方法》和鱼类毒性试验方法进行。结果经口、经皮肤的LDso雌、雄性大鼠均>5 000 mg/kg，经呼吸道的LCso雌、雄性大鼠均>5 000mg/m3，该药经口、经皮肤、经呼吸道毒性均属微毒类药物；兔眼用药后，观察期内无不良反应，对眼无刺激性；皮肤用药后对皮肤无刺激性。与氯硝柳胺原药、氯硝柳胺乙醇胺盐原药和氯硝柳胺乙醇胺盐可湿性粉剂相比，氯硝柳胺悬浮剂对鱼急性毒性最低。结论氯硝柳胺悬浮剂属微毒类药物，对鱼的毒性低于其乙醇胺盐可湿性粉剂，适合于现场应用。     

Lack of correlation of degree of villous atrophy with severity of clinical presentation of coeliac disease

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Both the clinical presentation and the degree of mucosal damage in coeliac disease vary greatly. In view of conflicting information as to whether the mode of presentation correlates with the degree of villous atrophy, we reviewed a large cohort of patients with coeliac disease. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We correlated mode of presentation (classical, diarrhoea predominant or atypical/silent) with histology of duodenal biopsies and examined their trends over time. RESULTS: The cohort consisted of 499 adults, mean age 44.1 years, 68% females. The majority had silent coeliac disease (56%) and total villous atrophy (65%). There was no correlation of mode of presentation with the degree of villous atrophy (p=0.25). Sixty-eight percent of females and 58% of males had a severe villous atrophy (p=0.052). There was a significant trend over time for a greater proportion of patients presenting as atypical/silent coeliac disease and having partial villous atrophy, though the majority still had total villous atrophy. CONCLUSIONS: Among our patients the degree of villous atrophy in duodenal biopsies did not correlate with the mode of presentation, indicating that factors other than the degree of villous atrophy must account for diarrhoea in coeliac disease.     

CagA-Hp抗体IgG与胃炎的组织学分析

研究幽门螺杆菌(Hp)感染与胃炎的关系。方法对204例慢性胃炎患者胃粘膜进行观察分析,并测定其中137例Hp阳性患者血清CagA-Hp抗体IgG水平,与组织学对照。结果慢性萎缩性胃炎伴肠上皮化生患者血清CagA抗体IgG明显高于对照组(P＜0.01);其他类型胃炎患者血清CagA抗体IgG水平无明显增高(P＞0.05)。结论CagA-Hp可能是导致慢性萎缩性胃炎伴肠上皮化生的因素之一,对这类患者应密切随访观察。     

慢阻肺急性加重期患者预后的影响因素分析

目的探讨慢性阻塞性肺病急性加重期(AECOPD)患者预后的相关危险因素。方法回顾性调查、收集58例AECOPD患者可能影响其预后的相关因素,并对其分别进行单因素分析。并进行Logistic多元逐步回归进行多因素分析,筛选影响AECOPD患者预后的独立危险因素。结果单因素分析后将结果 P0.1的因素纳入多因素Logistic回归,分析发现是否合并呼吸衰竭、气促程度、白细胞计数、APACHEⅡ、应用抗氧化剂、慢阻肺治疗依从性为影响AECOPD患者预后不佳的独立因素(P0.05)。结论根据AECOPD患者预后的独立危险因素,及早判断,选择合适的后续治疗方案,对提高其生存率及生存质量具有重要意义。     

血吸虫童虫生长发育及其机制的研究进展

血吸虫童虫是宿主免疫系统攻击的重要靶标,包括皮肤型、肺型和肝门型童虫。宿主分子对童虫生长发育具有重要作用。童虫生长发育机制包括免疫调节、信号转导、性别发育及凋亡等。肌动蛋白、组织蛋白酶、烯醇化酶和葡萄糖基转移酶等分子为血吸虫童虫生长发育的重要分子。本文对血吸虫童虫生长发育及其机制的研究进展做一综述。     

124例耐多药结核分枝杆菌基因突变特征分析

目的对临床分离的耐多药结核分枝杆菌相关基因的突变特征进行分析。方法对124例耐多药结核分枝杆菌以及50株敏感株的耐药相关基因(包括异烟肼inh A、kat G、oxyR-ahp C间隔区以及利福平rpo B)进行序列测定,分析其基因突变情况。结果异烟肼耐药inh A基因突变率为14.5%;kat G基因突变率为70.2%(87/124),主要位于315位;oxyR-ahp C间隔区突变率为15.3%;inh A、kat G两种基因同时突变率75.0%,三种基因同时突变率为89.5%。利福平rpo B基因突变的检出率高达95.2%,突变主要发生在531、526、516位点。结论我省耐多药菌异烟肼耐药相关基因最常见突变为kat G 315、inh A C-T(-15)、axyR-ahp C间隔区(-10)C-T,利福平为rpo B531、526、516。结合MDR-TB耐药相关基因的特征分析,可以建立一种快速、准确、特异的适合于我省的检测结核菌耐多药性的新方法。     

Results of treatment of fistula-in-ano

To evaluate the application of Parks' classification in the management of patients with fistula-in-ano, a study was undertaken to assess the outcome of surgery, especially with respect to the recurrence rate and alteration of continence. A retrospective analysis of 160 consecutive patients who were classified at the time of operation was conducted. The distribution of fistulas was as follows: intersphincteric, 41.9 percent, transsphincteric, 52.1 percent, suprasphincteric, 1.3 percent, extrasphincteric, 0. A horseshoe extension occurred in 8.8 percent of the fistulas and 3.8 percent did not exactly conform to the classification as they were either complex or combinations of more than one type of fistula. The sole immediate postoperative complication was bleeding, which occurred one week postoperatively and ceased spontaneously (0.7 percent). Alteration in continence occurred in 6 percent of patients with 2.6 percent experiencing temporary incontinence to flatus, 1.3 percent to liquid stool, and 0.7 percent to solid stool. Permanent loss of control for flatus occurred in one patient (0.7 percent) and for liquid stool in one patient (0.7 percent). No patients suffered loss of control for solid stool. Recurrence developed in 6.3 percent of patients, all between five and 25 months postoperatively. Classifcation was found to be a useful guide in the operative management of patients with fistula-in-ano. Read at the joint meeting of the American Society of Colon and Rectal Surgeons with the Section of Colo-Proctology, Royal Society of Medicine, and the Section of Colonic and Rectal Surgery, Royal Australasian College of Surgeons, New Orleans, Louisiana, May 6 to 11, 1984.