保心宁胶囊中柚皮苷与新橙皮苷的含量测定

目的建立高效液相色谱(HPLC)法测定保心宁胶囊中柚皮苷和新橙皮苷的含量。方法色谱柱:Agilent XDB C18(250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm),流动相:甲醇-1%冰醋酸(35∶65);流速:1.0 m L·min-1;柱温:30℃;检测波长:283 nm;进样量10μL。结果柚皮苷在0.074~2.210μg范围内,新橙皮苷在0.077~2.317μg范围内线性关系良好;柚皮苷的平均回收率为97.73%,RSD为1.66%(n=9),新橙皮苷的平均回收率为97.23%,RSD为1.24%(n=9)。结论该方法操作简单,专属性强,重复性好,可用于保心宁胶囊的质量控制。     

高效液相色谱法同时测定痔特佳片中柚皮苷和黄芩苷的含量

目的建立HPLC法同时测定痔特佳片中柚皮苷和黄芩苷的含量。方法采用Hypersil ODS2(4.6mm×250mm,5μm)色谱柱;流动相:乙腈-水(20∶80)(用磷酸调节pH值至3.0);流速:1.0mL.min-1;检测波长:283nm;柱温:35℃。结果柚皮苷进样量在0.0540μg~0.540μg(r=0.9998),黄芩苷进样量在0.0626μg~0.626μg(r=0.9999),与峰面积线性关系良好;柚皮苷平均回收率为99.28%,RSD为1.45%(n=9);黄芩苷平均回收率为100.33%,RSD为1.27%(n=9)。结论该方法简便,快速,结果可靠,可用于痔特佳片的质量控制。     

HPLC法测定三七伤药片中芍药苷与柚皮苷的含量

目的建立三七伤药片中芍药苷与柚皮苷含量测定方法。方法采用AgelaPromosil C18色谱柱(4.6mm×250mm,5μm);流动相:乙腈-0.1%磷酸(19∶81);流速:1.0mL/min;检测波长:232nm;柱温:30℃。结果芍药苷的线性范围为0.1146～1.719μg(r=1.0000),平均回收率为99.71%,RSD=0.45%(n=6);柚皮苷的线性范围为0.109～1.635μg(r=1.0000),平均回收率为99.96%,RSD=1.11%(n=6)。结论该方法准确可靠、简单快速,可用于三七伤药片质量控制。     

高效液相色谱法测定骨刺宁胶囊中柚皮苷的含量

目的建立骨刺宁胶囊中柚皮苷的含量测定方法。方法采用HPLC法。色谱柱为DiamonsilTMC18柱(250mm×4.6mm,5μm),流动相为甲醇-醋酸-水(30∶10∶60),流速1.0mL/min。柱温:25℃,检测波长283nm。结果柚皮苷进样量在0.24016~0.84056μg范围内与峰面积呈良好线性关系(r=0.9999),平均加样回收率为99.4%(RSD=1.61%,n=6)。结论该方法简便准确,重现性好,可用于骨刺宁胶囊中柚皮苷含量的质量控制。     

HPLC测定骨愈宁胶囊中柚皮苷的含量

目的　测定骨愈宁胶囊中柚皮苷的含量。方法　采用高效液相色谱法 ,ShimpackCLC -ODS色谱柱 (15 0mm× 6 .0mm ,id ,5 μm) ,流动相为甲醇 - 36 %醋酸 -水 (36 :4:6 5 ) ,检测波长 2 83nm。 结果　柚皮苷在 0 .0 6 5～ 1.0 4μg范围内线性关系良好 (r =0 .9999) ,平均加样回收率为 10 0 .1% ,RSD =1.45 %。结论　该方法简便、准确、可行     

HPLC法测定接骨续筋片中柚皮苷的含量

目的建立HPLC法测定接骨续筋片中柚皮苷的含量。方法采用HPLC法,Kromasil C18色谱柱(250mm×4.6mm,5μm);流动相为乙腈-水(20∶80),检测波长283nm,流速为1.0mL.min-1。以柚皮苷为对照品,外标法定量。结果柚皮苷在4.088~36.792mg.L-1范围内线性关系良好(r=0.9999),平均加样回收率为98.0%,RSD为1.1%。结论首次建立了测定接骨续筋片中柚皮苷的HPLC法,方法准确、重现性好,可用于该制剂的质量控制。     

HPLC法测定小儿消积止咳颗粒中柚皮苷的含量

目的建立小儿消积止咳颗粒处方药材枳实中药效成分柚皮苷的含量测定方法。方法采用高效液相色谱法,色谱柱为Hypersil C18(4.6 mm×250 mm,5μm),以甲醇-水(35∶65),流速1 mL·min-1;检测波长283nm,柱温25℃。结果柚皮苷在0.254 2～1.271 0μg范围内线性关系良好,相关系数为1.000 0,平均回收率为99.50%(RSD=1.48%,n=6)。结论该方法简便、准确、重现性好,可用于小儿消积止咳颗粒中柚皮苷的含量控制。     

高效液相色谱法测定乳结消片中柚皮苷和黄芩苷的含量

目的建立乳结消片中柚皮苷和黄芩苷的含量测定方法.方法采用高效液相色谱法,色谱柱为VP-ODS C18柱(250 min×4.6 mm,5μm),流动相为乙腈-0.6%磷酸溶液(2872),流速为0.9 mL·min-1,检测波长282nm,柱温30℃;进样量20μL.结果柚皮苷在32.8～196.8 mg·L-1范围内,质量浓度与色谱峰面积呈良好的线性关系(r=0.999 9),平均加样回收率为98.95%,RSD为1.84%(n=6);黄芩苷在12.6-168 mg·L-1范围内,质量浓度与色谱峰面积呈良好的线性关系(r=0.999 9),平均加样回收率为100.94%,RSD为1.32%(n=6).精密度测定柚皮苷日内RSD≤1.18%,日间RSD≤1.24%;黄芩苷日内RSD≤1.25%,日间RSD≤1.75%.结论该方法简便易行,准确可靠,可用于乳结消片的质量控制.     

HPLC法测定肝尔舒中柚皮苷和橙皮苷的含量

目的建立HPLC法测定肝尔舒中的柚皮苷和橙皮苷含量的方法。方法色谱柱为Hedera ODS-2柱(200mm×4.6mm,5μm);流动相为0.02mol·L-1磷酸溶液(A)-乙腈(B),梯度洗脱;测定波长为283nm。结果柚皮苷和橙皮苷分别在0.109 9～1.318 8和0.083～0.996μg的范围内呈良好的线性关系,r分别为0.999 4和0.999 2;平均加样回收率柚皮苷为96.3%,RSD为2.3%(n=6),橙皮苷为99.3%,RSD为1.2%(n=6)。结论该法结果准确,重复性好,可用于肝尔舒制剂的质量控制。     

复方贝母片中柚皮苷含量测定方法的改进

目的:改进复方贝母片中柚皮苷含量测定方法.方法:采用高效液相色谱法测定.用Agilent TC-C18(4.6 mm×250 mm,5 μm)柱,以甲醇-醋酸-水(35∶4∶61)为流动相,检测波长283 nm,柱温:30℃.结果:柚皮苷在121.68～1 825.20 ng范围内呈良好线性关系,回归方程为Y=2 343.6X-6 515.2(γ=0.999 8),柚皮苷的平均回收率为99.72%(RSD=1.34%,n=9).结论:方法简便,分离效果好,结果准确可靠,可以用于复方贝母片中柚皮苷含量测定.     

Efficacy of gut lavage,hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the therapy of paraquat or diquat intoxication

Clinical and in vitro investigations were carried out to test the efficacy of gut lavage, hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the treatment of poisoning with paraquat or diquat. In a patient suffering from diquat intoxication 130 times more diquat was removed by gut lavage 30 h after ingestion than was removed by complete aspiration of the gastric contents.Determination of in vitro clearances for paraquat and diquat by hemodialysis showed that, at serum concentrations of 1–2 ppm, such as are frequently encountered in poisoning in man, toxicologically relevant quantities of herbicide cannot be removed from the body. At a concentration of 20 ppm, on the other hand, hemodialysis proved to be effective, the clearance being 70 ml/min at a blood flow rate of 100 ml/min. The efficacy of hemoperfusion with coated activated charcoal was on the whole better. Especially at concentrations around 1–2 ppm, the clearance values for hemoperfusion were some 5–7 times higher than those for hemodialysis.In a patient suffering from paraquat poisoning, both hemodialysis as well as hemoperfusion were carried out. The in vitro results could be confirmed: At serum concentrations of paraquat less than 1 ppm no clearance could be obtained by hemodialysis while by hemoperfusion with activated charcoal quite high clearance values were measured and the serum level dropped down to zero.

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Zusammenfassung Klinische Untersuchungen und Laboratoriumsversuche wurden durchgeführt, um die Wirksamkeit von Darmspülung, Hämodialyse und Hämoperfusion bei Paraquat- und Deiquat-Vergiftungen zu prüfen.Bei einem Patienten wurde 30 Std nach Deiquat-Aufnahme durch Darmspülung 130mal mehr Deiquat entfernt als durch vollständige Aspiration des Mageninhaltes. In vitro-Versuche ergaben, daß bei Blutserumkonzentrationen von 1–2 ppm, die bei Vergiftungen oft gemessen werden, durch Hämodialyse keine toxikologisch relevanten Paraquat- oder Deiquat-Mengen entfernt werden können. Dagegen erwies sich die Hämodialyse bei 20 ppm und einer Blutumlaufgeschwindigkeit von 100 ml/min mit einer Clearance von 70 ml/min als wirksam. Die Hämoperfusion mit beschicheter Aktivkohle war in diesen Versuchen aber eindeutig überlegen, denn insbesondere bei Konzentrationen um 1–2 ppm waren die Clearance-Werte 5–7mal höher als bei der Hämodialyse.Die in vitro-Ergebnisse wurden bei einem Patienten mit einer Paraquat-Vergiftung bestätigt: Bei Konzentrationen unter 1 ppm war die Hämodialyse wirkungslos, während durch Hämoperfusion relativ hohe Clearance-Werte erreicht wurden, so daß der Serumspiegel rasch unter die Nachweisgrenze abfiel.

     

In vitro studies on sterically stabilized liposomes (SL) as enzyme carriers in organophosphorus (OP) antagonism

This study describes a new approach for organophosphorous (OP) antidotal treatment by encapsulating an OP hydrolyzing enzyme, OPA anhydrolase (OPAA), within sterically stabilized liposomes. The recombinant OPAA enzyme was derived from Alteromonas strain JD6. It has broad substrate specificity to a wide range of OP compounds: DFP and the nerve agents, soman and sarin. Liposomes encapsulating OPAA (SL)* were made by mechanical dispersion method. Hydrolysis of DFP by (SL)* was measured by following an increase of fluoride ion concentration using a fluoride ion selective electrode. OPAA entrapped in the carrier liposomes rapidly hydrolyze DFP, with the rate of DFP hydrolysis directly proportional to the amount of (SL)* added to the solution. Liposomal carriers containing no enzyme did not hydrolyze DFP. The reaction was linear and the rate of hydrolysis was first order in the substrate. This enzyme carrier system serves as a biodegradable protective environment for the recombinant OP-metabolizing enzyme, OPAA, resulting in prolongation of enzymatic concentration in the body. These studies suggest that the protection of OP intoxication can be strikingly enhanced by adding OPAA encapsulated within (SL)* to pralidoxime and atropine.     

Synthesis,Cytotoxicity and Antileishmanial Activity of Some N-(2-(indol-3-yl)ethyl)-7-chloroquinolin-4-amines

We report herein the condensation of 4,7-dichloroquinoline (1) with tryptamine (2) and D-tryptophan methyl ester (3) . Hydrolysis of the methyl ester adduct (5) yielded the free acid (6) . The compounds were evaluated in vitro for activity against four different species of Leishmania promastigote forms and for cytotoxic activity against Kb and Vero cells. Compound (5) showed good activity against the Leishmania species tested, while all three compounds displayed moderate activity in both Kb and Vero cells.     

Steroidal sapogenin contents in some domestic plants

In order to find out the values of the steroid resources for the future use. the compositions and contents of steroidal sapogenins from 13 domestic plants have been investigated. As a result,Dioscorea nipponica, D. quinqueloba andSmilax china were found to have large amount of diosgenin. And pennogenin inTrillium kamtschaticum andParis verticillata, yuccagenin inAllium fistulosum, hecogenin inAgave americana and neochlorogenin inSolanum nigum were appeared to be major steroidal sapogenins.     

Aquatic Insects and Trace Metals: Bioavailability,Bioaccumulation, and Toxicity

Abstract

The uptake of metals from food and water sources by insects is thought to be additive. For a given metal, the proportions taken up from water and food will depend both on the bioavailable concentration of the metal associated with each source and the mechanism and rate by which the metal enters the insect. Attempts to correlate insect trace metal concentrations with the trophic level of insects should be made with a knowledge of the feeding relationships of the individual taxa concerned. Pathways for the uptake of essential metals, such as copper and zinc, exist at the cellular level, and other nonessential metals, such as cadmium, also appear to enter via these routes. Within cells, trace metals can be bound to proteins or stored in granules. The internal distribution of metals among body tissues is very heterogeneous, and distribution patterns tend to be both metal and taxon specific. Trace metals associated with insects can be both bound on the surface of their chitinous exoskeleton and incorporated into body tissues. The quantities of trace meals accumulated by an individual reflect the net balance between the rate of metal influx from both dissolved and particulate sources and the rate of metal efflux from the organism. The toxicity of metals has been demonstrated at all levels of biological organization: cell, tissue, individual, population, and community. Much of the literature pertaining to the toxic effects of metals on aquatic insects is based on laboratory observations and, as such, it is difficult to extrapolate the data to insects in nature. The few experimental studies in nature suggest that trace metal contaminants can affect both the distribution and the abundance of aquatic insects. Insects have a largely unexploited potential as biomonitors of metal contamination in nature. A better understanding of the physico-chemical and biological mechanisms mediating trace metal bioavailability and exchange will facilitate the development of general predictive models relating trace metal concentrations in insects to those in their environment. Such models will facilitate the use of insects as contaminant biomonitors.