年龄对大鼠左室心肌单相动作电位的影响

目的研究年龄对大鼠心室肌单相动作电位(monophasic action potential, MAP)影响.方法按月龄选取Wistar大鼠,分为青龄组和老龄组.体外Langendorff灌流心脏,右心室予以刺激,左心室心外膜记录单相动作电位.分别记录两组在相同刺激周长(400 ms)下动作电位,分析其复极到90%、50%及20%的时程(MAPD90、MAPD50、MAPD20),以及两组在不同刺激周长下MAP及时程. 结果在相同刺激周长下,老龄组大鼠心室肌MAP各时相均明显长于青龄组(P<0.01).刺激频率增加使大鼠心室肌MAPD缩短,老龄组大鼠动作电位时程MPAD90缩短较青龄组明显.结论年龄是影响心脏电活动的重要因素之一.     

天门冬氨酸对心室复极和室性心律失常的影响

目的研究腹腔注射天门冬氨酸(NMDA)对心室复极和室性心律失常诱发的影响。方法将36只成年Wistar大鼠随机分为对照组(CTL组)、NMDA组(N组)、NMDA+NMDA的受体拮抗剂MK-801组(N+M组),分别连续10d腹腔给予生理盐水、NMDA、NMDA+MK-801。记录体表心电图(II导联),并在Langerdorff灌流下行程控电刺激,记录左室前壁基底部(LAB)、前壁心尖部(LAA)、后壁基底部(LPB)和后壁心尖部(LPA)复极过程,测量单向动作电位时程(MAPD)和有效不应期(ERP),及其离散度,计算室性心律失常诱发率和频率阈值。结果与CTL组比较,N组PR间期、QT间期和QTc间期延长,心率增快;左室20%、复极三角和90%的复极时间(MAPD20、triangulation、MAPD90)延长,ERP/MAPD90较小;心室复极离散度增加[COVMAPD90:(0.153±0.017)vs(0.034±0.003),COVERP:(0.242±0.018)vs(0.078±0.009),P均0.01];室性心律失常诱发率增加(100%vs 16.7%,P均0.01)。而MK-801减弱了NMDA对心室复极和室性心律失常诱发的影响。结论慢性注射NMDA将延长心室复极时程,增加复极离散度和室性心律失常的易感性。     

四氢巴马汀对家在体心脏单相动作电位和有效 …

利用单相动作电位 (MAP)技术 ,研究在整体条件下四氢巴马汀 (THP)对家犬在体心脏MAP和有效不应期(ERP)的影响 ,从而探讨THP在整体条件下的抗心律失常机制。家犬 8只 ,体重 12 .5± 3.0 ( 10～ 15 )kg。同时记录家犬右室心尖部的MAP和体表Ⅱ导联心电图 (ECG) ,比较在窦性心律下用药前和用药后 10 ,2 0 ,30min的ERP、MAP复极 5 0 %时程 (MAPD5 0 )和复极 90 %时程 (MAPD90 )以及MAP振幅 (MAPA)的变化。结果 :用药后 10min ,各参数均无明显变化 (P >0 .0 5 ) ;用药 2 0min后 ,ERP、MAPD5 0 和MAPD90 与用药前相比 ,均明显延长 (分别为 139± 18msvs 12 4±18ms,12 6± 16msvs112± 15ms ,16 4± 2 5msvs 140± 16ms,P均 <0 .0 1) ,但用药前后ERP MAPD90 的比值无显著性变化 (P >0 .0 5 )。结论 :THP通过延长动作电位 2相和 3相时程 ,使ERP和MAPD90 平行延长 ,但不改变用药前后ERP MAPD90 比值 ,从而具有增加心肌电稳定性的作用 ,推测此是其具有抗室性心律失常的作用的可能机制     

四氢巴马汀对家犬在体心脏单相动作电位和有效不应期影响的研究

利用单相动作电位 (MAP)技术 ,研究在整体条件下四氢巴马汀 (THP)对家犬在体心脏MAP和有效不应期(ERP)的影响 ,从而探讨THP在整体条件下的抗心律失常机制。家犬 8只 ,体重 12 .5± 3.0 ( 10～ 15 )kg。同时记录家犬右室心尖部的MAP和体表Ⅱ导联心电图 (ECG) ,比较在窦性心律下用药前和用药后 10 ,2 0 ,30min的ERP、MAP复极 5 0 %时程 (MAPD5 0 )和复极 90 %时程 (MAPD90 )以及MAP振幅 (MAPA)的变化。结果 :用药后 10min ,各参数均无明显变化 (P >0 .0 5 ) ;用药 2 0min后 ,ERP、MAPD5 0 和MAPD90 与用药前相比 ,均明显延长 (分别为 139± 18msvs 12 4±18ms,12 6± 16msvs112± 15ms ,16 4± 2 5msvs 140± 16ms,P均 <0 .0 1) ,但用药前后ERP MAPD90 的比值无显著性变化 (P >0 .0 5 )。结论 :THP通过延长动作电位 2相和 3相时程 ,使ERP和MAPD90 平行延长 ,但不改变用药前后ERP MAPD90 比值 ,从而具有增加心肌电稳定性的作用 ,推测此是其具有抗室性心律失常的作用的可能机制     

应用自制复合电极同步记录兔左心室游离壁三层心肌的单相动作电位

应用自制复合电极同步记录家兔在体三层心肌的单相动作电位 (MAP) ,并与经典的心内膜电极、心外膜吸附电极和三层独立电极记录结果进行比较。结果显示 :①应用自制复合电极同步记录家兔在体的三层心肌MAP形态及时程与经典的记录结果相近 ;②在心动周期 (CL)为 30 0ms时 ,三层心肌的MAP复极达 90 %的时程 (MAPD90 )无显著差异 ,当CL为 80 0ms时 ,家兔心外膜心肌 (Epi)、中层心肌 (M)和心内膜心肌 (Endo)的MAPD90 分别为 2 15± 18,2 6 2± 16 ,2 16± 12ms,M与Epi及Endo相比 ,差异有显著性 (P <0 .0 5 ,n =8) ,跨室壁复极离散度为 34± 3ms。结论 :应用复合电极同步记录在体心肌跨室壁三层MAP是可行的 ,家兔心脏跨室壁心肌电生理在正常心率时无明显差异 ,而当心率减慢时则异质性增加。     

异丙肾上腺素致兔心肌肥厚模型的在体心脏电生理研究

目的探讨异丙肾上腺素(Iso)导致兔心肌肥厚在体心脏电生理指标的改变及其与室性心律失常(VAs)的关系。方法 24只兔随机分为Iso组(n=12)和对照组(n=12):Iso组给予异丙肾上腺素(0.3 mg.kg-1.d-1)耳缘静脉注射7天,而对照组注射生理盐水(1 ml.kg-1.d-1)7天。运用单相动作电位记录技术和程控刺激技术,观测在体心室部单相动作电位时程(MAPD)、心室有效不应期(VERP)、自发和诱发的室性心律失常。结果与对照组比较,ISO组MAPD30～MAPD90均延长,而且内外膜MAPD梯度增大,在300,400和500 ms固定频率刺激下VERP明显缩短,VAs发生率升高(P均<0.05)。结论心肌肥厚引起心室部MAPD延长和VERP缩短,VAs发生率增加。     

反复正加速度暴露及普罗帕酮干预对兔心室肌细胞复极离散度的影响

目的：观察反复正加速度（＋Gz）暴露及普罗帕酮干预对兔心室肌细胞跨壁复极离散度（ TDR）的影响,探讨＋Gz诱发心律失常的细胞电生理机制及普罗帕酮的拮抗机制。方法30只雄性新西兰大白兔随机均分为对照组、＋Gz组和普罗帕酮干预组。应用单相动作电位（ MAP）记录技术,同步记录左心室3层细胞MAP,测量复极达90％振幅的单相动作电位时程（ MAPD90）及跨壁复极离散度（ TDR）。结果与对照组相比,＋Gz组左心室内、外膜MAPD90均缩短,左心室TDR增大,P均＜0．05;与＋Gz组相比,普罗帕酮干预组左心室内、外膜MAPD90均增大,TDR减小,P均＜0．05。结论心室肌细胞MAPD90缩短及TDR增大,可能是＋Gz诱发快速性心律失常的细胞电生理机制;普罗帕酮可以拮抗这种改变。     

应用单相动作电位研究房颤模型心房电重构的发生机制

目的应用单相动作电位(MAP)技术检测心房颤动模型电生理参数改变的特点,探讨房颤电重构发生的分子机制。方法健康杂种犬17只,随机分为房颤组(n=11)和对照组(n=6)。房颤组安装固定频率起搏器,以350~430次/min的频率快速心房起搏,对照组行假手术。于起搏前和8周后测量右房有效不应期(AERP)和单相动作电位,测量单相动作电位振幅(MAPA)、单相动作电位时限(MAPD)、复极90%时动作电位时限(MAPD90)、复极50%时动作电位时限(MAPD50)、复极90%动作电位时限与复极50%动作电位时限之差(MAPD90-50)。原子发射光电直读光谱法测定心房肌组织Ca2+含量。RT-PCR法检测心房肌浆网Ca2+-ATP酶和L型钙通道mRNA转录水平。结果对照组MAP时相明显。房颤组MAP形态发生改变。与对照组相比,房颤组MAPA有下降趋势;MAPD,MAPD90,MAPD50,MAPD90-50分别缩短13.79%,19.65%,13.59%和31.25%。MAPD,MAPD90,MAPD90-50与右房心肌Ca2+呈显著负相关;MAPD90-50与L型钙通道显著正相关。上述指标与肌浆网钙ATP酶均无相关性。结论 MAP是研究房颤电重构的可靠手段,心房肌细胞膜L型钙通道和肌浆网Ca2+-ATP酶mRNA表达改变可能是电重构的分子机制之一     

大鼠左心房肌单相动作电位的增龄性变化

目的　研究年龄对大鼠左心房肌单相动作电位(monophasicactionpotential,MAP)的影响。方法　选取实验用Wistar大鼠4 0只,按出生年龄分为青年组、成年组、中年组及老年组,每组10只。体外Langendorff灌流心脏,右心室刺激。分别记录各组左心房肌在4 0 0ms刺激周长下动作电位复极到90 %、5 0 %及2 0 %时的单相动作电位时程(MAPD90 )、MAPD50 、MAPD2 0 和心房有效不应期,以及在不同刺激周长下的MAPD90 、MAPD50 、MAPD2 0 。结果　MAPD各时相和有效不应期都随着年龄的增加而出现延长(P <0 .0 1) ;但老年组缩短。在同一年龄组中,刺激频率增加使动作电位时程都相应缩短,以MAPD90 明显;中年组MAPD改变明显。结论　年龄是影响心脏电活动重要的独立因素之一。     

β_2肾上腺素能受体在心肌梗死大鼠离体心脏牵张所致心律失常中的作用

目的观察β2肾上腺素能受体(β2受体)在心肌梗死(MI)大鼠牵张所致心律失常中的作用,评价β2受体是否参与了机械电反馈。方法复制大鼠MI模型,同时设立假手术组。饲养8周后随机分为假手术组、假手术+ICI118.551组、MI组、MI+ICI118.551组,进行Langendorff离体心脏灌流。自制球囊对左室进行牵张。记录并测量牵张后30s内各组单相动作电位时程(MAPD)、50%和90%MAP复极时程(MAPD50和MAPD90),计算牵张诱发心律失常(SIA)的发生率。结果牵张后,MI组、假手术组MAPD、MAPD50和MAPD90均缩短(P<0.01或<0.05),且MI组缩短更明显;应用ICI118.551后,假手术组MAPD、MAPD50和MAPD90仍缩短(P<0.05),而MI组MAPD、MAPD50和MAPD90差异无显著性(P(0.05)。牵张后,MI组SIA的发生率较假手术组高(22.44%vs10.34%,P<0.05),应用ICI118.551后,假手术组SIA发生率下降,但差异无显著性(P(0.05);MI组SIA发生率明显下降(P<0.01)。结论β受体可能参与了机械电反馈过程。     

粉防己碱对家犬在体心脏单相动作电位的影响

目的:研究粉防己碱(Tet)对家犬在体心室肌单相动作电位(MAP)和有效不应期(ERP)的影响,探讨其抗心律失常的可能机制。方法:家犬14只,随机分为Tet组和维拉帕米(Ver)组,记录右室心内膜MAP及心电图Ⅱ导联,比较不同剂量的Tet和Ver对MAP振幅(MAPA)、复极化达50％和90％一点到MAP上升支的水平距离(MAPD50、MAPD90)、ERP及ERP/MAPD90。结果:Tet引起窦性心率减慢,随剂量增加(3～12 mg/kg)ERP延长、ERP/MAPD90增大,但对MAPA、MAPD50、MAPD90无明显影响;而Ver除延长ERP,增大ERP/MAPD90,还缩短MAPD50、MAPD90。结论:Tet对MAP的影响可能除钙拮抗作用外,还有别的离子基础;延长ERP、增大ERP/MAPD90可能是其抗心律失常的机制。     

Comparison of the effects of chronic oral therapy with atenolol and sotalol on ventricular monophasic action potential duration and effective refractory period

The effects of 4 weeks' therapy with atenolol, 50 mg twice daily, and sotalol, 160 mg twice daily, on ventricular monophasic action potential duration (MAPD90) and effective refractory period (VERP) are compared in a randomized cross-over study in 10 patients with stable angina pectoris undergoing elective cardiac catheterization. At matched ventricular pacing cycle lengths (range 500 to 1000 msec), MAPD90 was 29 to 42 msec (11.5% to 13.4%) longer and VERP was 21 to 32 msec (8.9% to 11.4%) longer on oral sotalol than on oral atenolol. Intravenous sotalol (100 mg) caused a significant lengthening of MAPD90 and VERP during oral atenolol therapy, while intravenous atenolol (10 mg) had no additional effect during oral sotalol therapy. The effects of sotalol on ventricular repolarization and refractory period persist over and above any adaptational response to beta-receptor blockade that may occur during chronic therapy.     

抑郁对大鼠心室肌电生理学特性的影响

目的探讨抑郁对大鼠心室肌电生理学特性的影响。方法将SD大鼠随机分为健康对照组、抑郁组、糖尿病组及抑郁合并糖尿病组各10只。抑郁动物模型通过持续4周的慢性温和应激获得,糖尿病动物模型通过皮下注射四氧嘧啶获得。从第5周开始对各组大鼠进行电生理学检查。测定右室心尖部、左室流出道及左室心尖部三个部位的90%单相动作电位时程(MAPD90)和心室有效不应期(VERP),并记录心室后除极的发生次数,最后通过程序刺激诱发室性心动过速或心室颤动(简称室颤),记录诱发率。结果抑郁组和糖尿病组大鼠心室MAPD90及VERP较健康对照组明显延长,而抑郁合并糖尿病组大鼠心室MAPD90及VERP较抑郁组和糖尿病组进一步延长。抑郁组和糖尿病组后除极发生次数及室颤诱发率较健康对照组增加,抑郁合并糖尿病组后除极发生次数及室颤诱发率较抑郁组和糖尿病组进一步增加。结论抑郁可引起大鼠心室肌电生理学特性的改变;抑郁及糖尿病对大鼠心室肌电生理学特性的影响可能存在累积或协同作用。     

Sotalol reverses remodeled action potential in patients with chronic atrial fibrillation but does not prevent arrhythmia recurrence

INTRODUCTION: Recurrence of atrial fibrillation (AF) may be related to AF-induced electrical remodeling characterized by shortening of the atrial action potential duration (APD) and loss of its rate adaptation. We investigated the effects of pretreatment with oral d,l-sotalol on rate-dependent changes in atrial monophasic action potential (MAP) duration after cardioversion of chronic AF with reference to the efficacy in preventing the arrhythmia recurrence. METHODS AND RESULTS: MAPs were recorded from the right atrium at six pacing cycle lengths (CLs) from 300 to 750 ms in 19 chronic AF patients after electrical cardioversion; 9 had been pretreated with oral d,l-sotalol (196 +/- 42 mg/day) for 7 days and 10 were untreated. MAP duration at 90% repolarization (MAPD90) in 11 control patients increased progressively with increases in CLs from 209 +/- 19 ms at CL = 300 ms to 264 +/- 28 ms at CL = 750 ms. In AF patients without sotalol, the CL-MAPD relation was shifted downward and flattened at longer CLs; MAPD90 values were 206 +/- 11 ms and 227 +/- 16 ms at CLs of 300 and 750 ms, respectively. MAPD90 values at CLs > or =500 ms in AF were significantly shorter than controls. In AF patients with sotalol, the normal CL-MAPD relation was preserved; MAPD90 increased from 226 +/- 19 ms to 282 +/- 46 ms in the CL range. AF recurred within 2 weeks after cardioversion in 14 of 24 patients pretreated with d,l-sotalol (216 +/- 51 mg/day) despite of continuation of sotalol treatment. CONCLUSION: Sotalol reverses AF-induced decrease in MAPD adaptation to rate in the atria of chronic AF patients, but this effect does not lead to prevention of AF recurrence.     

Heterogeneous changes of monophasic action potential induced by sustained stretch in atrium

INTRODUCTION: Chronic enlargement of atrium is common in atrial fibrillation, and the effects of stretch on atrial action potentials seem inconsistent. As atrial muscle is heterogeneous, we suggest that atrial stretch induces a variable electrophysiologic response and that the effects of stretch are only partially mediated by stretch-activated channels. METHODS AND RESULTS: Sixteen guinea pig hearts were perfused by the Langendorff method using Kreb's solution with and without 80 microM streptomycin, which is a stretch-activated channel blocker. Suction electrodes were used to record monophasic action potentials (MAPs) of the left atrium. Left auricular pressure was monitored by a balloon. We determined the MAP duration at 50% and 90% repolarization (MAPD50 and MAPD90) in basal conditions and after a slow onset but sustained stretch of the atrium in the absence and presence of streptomycin. Stretch induced no overall consistent or significant change in mean MAPD50 and MAPD90. The individual responses were markedly variable. The most frequent response (about 50%) was a decrease in MAPD50 and MAPD90. In 25% of cases, there was no change, and in 25% we observed increases in MAPD50 and MAPD90. Streptomycin did not affect MAPD50 and MAPD90, but it dramatically modified the distribution of MAPD changes induced by stretch. In particular, streptomycin removed stretch-induced shortening of MAPD50 and MAPD90, whereas it did not affect stretch-induced lengthening. CONCLUSION: Sustained stretch of atrium induces variable modifications of MAPD that are only partially inhibited by streptomycin. This suggests the participation of ionic channels other than specific stretch-activated channels in the response of atrial myocardium to sustained stretch.     

长期血浆内皮素-1水平升高对异丙肾上腺素慢性致室性心律失常作用的影响

目的探讨长期血浆内皮素-1（ET-1）水平升高对异丙肾上腺素（ISO）慢性致室性心律失常（VA）作用的影响。方法雄性新西兰大耳兔60只,采用随机数字法分为对照组、血浆ET-1升高组（ET-1组）、ISO组及ET-1±ISO组,每组15只。所有动物连续14d经耳缘静脉注射药物,对照组注射0.9％NaCl（1ml·kg^-1·d^-1）,ET-1组注射ET-1（10μg·kg^-1·d^-1）、ISO组注射ISO（300μg·kg^-1·d^-1）、ET—I±ISO组同时注射ET-1与ISO（剂量及方法同前）。药物注射7d后,在整体心脏Langendorff灌流条件下行离体电生理研究,分别记录和测量左心室前游离壁（LAF）心外膜单相动作电位（MAP）、有效不应期（VEItP）,并构建动作电位恢复性（APDR）曲线。对所有离体心脏于LAF处,行程控增频电刺激以观察动作电位时限（APD）电交替的发生,猝发快速电刺激用以进行VA的诱发。结果与对照组相比,ISO组90％MAP[MAPD90,（164．91±13．14）ms对（144．13±8．02）ms]、VERP[（144．06±13．73）ms对（129．50±7．65）ms]、APDR曲线最大斜率[Smax,（1．51±0．16）对（0．87±0．12）]、诱发APD电交替的最大起搏周长（PCL）中位数（170ms对130ms）和VA诱发率（86．67％对13．33％）均增大（P均〈0．01）,VERP／MAPD90变化不明显（P〉O．05）。ET-1组MAPD。[（169．41±13．97）ms对（144．13±8．02）ms]、AP—DR曲线Smax[（1．47±0．18）对（0．87±0．12）]、诱发APD电交替的最大PCL中位数（160ms对130ms）及VA诱发率（66．67％对13．33％）均增大（P均〈0．01）,而VERP／MAPD。显著减小[（0．80±0,05）对（0．90±0．04）,P〈O．01],VERP变化不明显（P〉0．05）。ET-1±ISO组各项电生理指标结果与对照组相比均差异无统计学意义（P均〉0．05）;与ISO组相比,ET-1±ISO组MAPD90[（147．66±9．68）ms对（164．91±13．14）ms]、VERP[（130．60±10．75）ms对（144．06±13．73）ms]、APDR曲线Smax[（0．94±0．14）对（1．51±0．16）]、诱发APD电交替的最大PCL中位数（140ms对170ms）及VA诱发率（40．00％对86．67％）均减小（P均〈0．01）,VERP／MAPD。变化不明显（P〉0．05）。结论长期血浆ET-1水平升高可减弱ISO对心脏电生理特性的慢性损害,从而起到抗VA作用。     

Effects of aprindine on monophasic action potentials

Using a catheter electrode developed by the authors for recording monophasic action potentials (MAPs), the atrial and ventricular MAPs of seven mongrel dogs were simultaneously recorded. The results were used to evaluate the effect of the new antiarrhythmic drug aprindine on MAPs. An electrophysiologic study was also carried out to evaluate the effect of aprindine on the conduction system. Aprindine caused a significant increase in both the AH interval (at a basic cycle length of 400 ms) and the HV interval (at basic cycle lengths of 400 and 500 ms). The effective refractory period increased in both the right atrium and the right ventricle. Although an increase in MAP duration at repolarizations to 90% MAP (MAPD90) was not observed in the right atrium, a significant increase was noted in MAPD90 in the right ventricle. There were no significant changes in the ratio between the effective refractory period and MAPD90 of the right ventricle before and after administration of aprindine. This result suggests that increases in MAPD90 contribute to an increase in the effective refractory period of the right ventricle.