天津开发区餐饮服务单位食品安全管理员现状调查

目的了解天津开发区餐饮业食品安全管理员的一般情况和卫生行为,以及食品安全知识的期望获得途径,为以后更好的对食品安全管理员进行培训及管理提供参考。方法在开发区随机抽取134家餐饮业,对其食品安全管理员进行问卷调查。结果食品安全管理员以男性为主(67.4%);平均年龄为33.7±8.67岁;食品行业工作年限两年及以上的占80.3%;学历以高中(中专)为主(40.2%),高中(中专)及以上占总人数的69.7%;按学历分组,各组的卫生行为平均得分总体存在差异(F=3.866,P0.01);大、中、小型餐饮服务业专兼职食品安全管理员的构成不一致(χ2=8.124,P0.05),大型餐饮业中专职食品安全管理员构成比为61.5%;主要期望的知识获得途径为培训讲座60人次、网络41人次、科普宣传材料38人次,全年培训时间40 h及以上的仅为14.4%。结论应进一步明确和细化食品安全管理员准入标准,提高全社会对食品安全管理岗位的认识,以多次、多种形式进行培训,从而使食品安全管理员获得更多知识,减少食品安全事故发生。     

新疆兵团石河子高中学区学生食堂应用HACCP体系研究

目的通过HACCP体系的建立,增强学区管理层及食堂加工人员的食品安全意识,提高餐品安全水平。方法根据国际食品法典食品委员会《HACCP体系应用指南》、卫生部《食品企业HACCP实施指南》和《餐饮业HACCP通用实施指南》方法,选择石河子高中学区食堂进行HACCP安全控制体系的试点研究。结果管理层及食堂加工人员的食品卫生安全意识明显增强;经食品卫生相关知识培训后的卫生知识合格率达到了98.46%;食品原料采购的索证情况合格率达到了90.77%;感官性状合格率达到了95.38%,餐品加工等关键环节的菌落总数与建设体系前相比均显著下降(P0.01),加工人员的手、熟食容器及成品菜的大肠菌群合格率达到了84.00%、88.33%、85.00%,较建设体系前均有显著提高。结论 HACCP体系的实施,有效的增强了学区管理层的食品安全意识,积极主动的对食堂加工人员进行培训,明确了岗位意识,加强了对关键控制点进行控制,保障了该体系的有效实施。     

Food and Nutrition Care in Long-Term Care Facilities: Examining the Perspectives of Frontline Workers

Abstract

Malnutrition in older adults residing in long-term care facilities continues to be a problem in the United States. Existing research has identified a list of possible contributing factors, including staffing problems. Few studies on food and nutrition care have attempted to gain the perspectives of nursing or dietary aides (henceforth, aides), the frontline staff who work most closely with the residents of long-term care facilities. The current study takes a qualitative approach grounded in a theoretical perspective based on Total Quality Management (TQM) to increase understanding of the interpersonal and management practices that affect resident wellbeing, health, and nutrition. Four focus groups (n?=?24) were conducted with aides working in long-term care facilities. Aides expressed emotional closeness with residents and provided detailed knowledge about food and nutrition care. They reported both compassion fatigue and satisfaction. An element of dissatisfaction related to aide relationships with management and other employees who did not actively solicit their perspectives and knowledge on resident feeding. The knowledge and experience of aides could be better utilized by shifting management strategies to focus on employee empowerment and training. Principles of TQM could be applied to improve food and nutrition care in long-term care facilities.     

Assessing the Food Safety Attitudes and Awareness of Managers of School Feeding Programmes in Mpumalanga,South Africa

The managers of school feeding programmes are responsible for ensuring the safety of the food which is provided to schoolchildren, but very few studies have been conducted on the food safety knowledge and awareness of these managers. The objective of this study is to evaluate the food safety attitudes and awareness of managers of the National School Nutrition Programme (NSNP) in schools in Mpumalanga, a province of South Africa. A cross-sectional survey study was conducted in which questionnaires were used to collect data from 300 NSNP food service managers. The majority of schools offering NSNP meals were located in informal settlements and most were found to lack basic resources such as electricity (power supplies to the food preparation facility) and potable tap water in their kitchens. No school was found to have implemented the hazard analysis and critical control points (HACCP) programme, and only a few staff had received food safety training. Food safety implementation is worst in informal schools in rural areas due to limited resources and infrastructure. The NSNP food service managers in some schools—especially those located in rural settlements—were found to have little knowledge and awareness of HACCP. These results indicate an urgent need to provide NSNP managers with food safety training and resources (potable water supplies, electricity, dedicated food preparation facilities), particularly in schools in rural settlements.     

Public nutrition: Why,What, How?

Public Nutrition is a field of professional study and practice that has existed for many years without being named as such. It encompasses the disciplines that deal with factors affecting the food consumption and nutritional outcomes of populations, and goes beyond the definition of Public Health Nutrition by including the study of public policy in areas outside of health and nutrition as traditionally defined, that nonetheless can have profound effects on nutrition. Career paths in Public Nutrition exist at a variety of professional levels, including practitioners and direct service providers; administrators and planners; policy makers; and researchers and educators. The professional preparation of those working in Public Nutrition typically combines education and experience in nutritional science, social science, and sometimes management and planning. The field of Public Nutrition is important in providing a critical link between advances in understanding biomedical determinants of nutrition and the application of such understanding in programs and policies. However, the study of Public Nutrition goes beyond this: it represents an agenda of research and practice in its own right. Public Nutrition includes the study of how specific policies, in varying contexts, affect food consumption and nutrition outcomes; it includes the study of determinants of program effectiveness in improving these outcomes. Specific training programs in Public Nutrition do exist; the elements of a curriculum in Public Nutrition include social science research skills (data collection, management, analysis and interpretation), an understanding of economic, social, political, and behavioral determinants of food consumption, health and nutrition; a grounding in nutritional science. Field experience is an essential part of the preparation of Public Nutrition professionals.     

北京市朝阳区餐饮服务从业人员食品安全知识调查

[摘要]目的通过对北京市朝阳区餐饮服务从业人员食品安全知识的调查分析,发现目前存在的问题及薄弱环节,为更有针对性的开展食品安全培训,普及食品安全知识,规范行为提供科学依据。方法采用自行设计的《餐饮服务单位从业人员食品安全知识调查表》,对随机抽取的450名餐饮服务从业人员进行问卷调查,使用EpiData3．1建立数据库,用SPSS11．5forwindows软件进行统计学分析。结果北京市朝阳区餐饮服务从业人员食品安全知识得分整体情况一般,有待进一步提高。管理人员得分明显高于其他人员。耋25岁的成绩明显差于其他年龄组,整体呈现出随着年龄的增高得分有升高的趋势。初中及以下文化程度的得分差于中专及以上文化程度。从业时间小于等于5年的得分明显差于5年以上。结论北京市朝阳区餐饮服务从业人员食品安全知识有待进一步提高,餐饮服务单位及监管部门应当加大对餐饮服务从业人员的培训、考核,行业协会在其中也应当发挥积极的作用。     

United States import safety, environmental health, and food safety regulation in China

China boasts a rapidly growing economy and is a leading food exporter. Since China has dominated world export markets in food, electronics, and toys, many safety concerns about Chinese exports have emerged. For example, many countries have had problems with Chinese food products and food-processing ingredients. Factors behind food safety and environmental health problems in China include poor industrial waste management, the use of counterfeit agricultural inputs, inadequate training of farmers on good farm management practices, and weak food safety laws and poor enforcement. In the face of rising import safety problems, the U.S. is now requiring certification of products and foreign importers, pursuing providing incentives to importers who uphold good safety practices, and considering publicizing the names of certified importers.     

Knowledge levels of food handlers in Portuguese school canteens and their self-reported behaviour towards food safety

Food safety levels in school food services are an important concern, given that any incident can affect a high number of students. The purpose of this research was to evaluate food handlers' knowledge and self-reported behaviour as regards the safe handling of food in school canteens. The study was conducted in 32 school canteens and included 124 participants. Food handlers displayed a reasonable level of knowledge, particularly regarding personal hygiene and cross-contamination, but fared worse in other areas. The level of knowledge displayed was influenced by age, motivation and training. A high correctness in handlers' self-reported behaviour towards food safety was observed, with a negative trend appearing when workload was increased. Our assessment of prevailing knowledge levels indicates that food professionals need to be made significantly more aware of the importance their actions can have on children's health.     

2010年海安县部分食品从业人员食品安全知识、信念和行为调查

目的了解海安县食品从业人员的食品安全知识、信念、行为(KAP)状况及其影响因素,探讨对食品从业人员健康教育和提高培训质量的方法,为相关职能部门开展健康教育和食品安全知识培训提供参考依据。方法设计统一的调查表即KAP调查问卷。调查内容包括:一般项目、食品安全的法律法规及相关的食品安全知识、态度、行为等;另外还对获得食品安全知识的途径进行调查。结果该县食品从业人员食品安全知识的平均知晓率为70.5%,安全行为平均形成率为56.1%;随着文化程度增高、职龄的增加,食品安全知识知晓率、安全行为形成率呈明显升高趋势,但安全态度正确回答率差异并不明显。结论该县各相关职能部门要加强对食品生产经营单位监督和业务指导,督促其加强对食品从业人员的培训;向社会广泛宣传安全知识,强化全民食品安全意识,形成行业自律、社会参与、相关职能部门监管的良好工作氛围,从而改变食品从业人员不良的习惯和行为,提高他们的自身素质。     

A national survey of food hygiene training and qualification levels in the UK food industry

The food hygiene training received and qualifications held by four different grades of food handlers were compared by means of a postal survey of 1650 businesses in the manufacturing, retail and catering sectors of the UK food industry. Significant differences ( p < 0.05) were identified between the methods of training delivery to, and qualifications held by different grades of food handlers across the three industry sectors. Business status, personnel characteristics and risk perceptions of managers all had significant effects on the methods of training used and qualification levels achieved within each industry sector. Positive attitudes towards training were expressed by most managers although follow-up face-to-face interviews revealed their concerns about the cost, time and relevancy of the training their staff received. Whilst both the uptake of training and level of food hygiene qualifications may have improved in recent years, this study highlighted the need to develop training methods that are proven to change workplace behaviour as well as imparting knowledge. This may be best achieved by consolidating food hygiene training as a fundamental part of a wider approach to food safety control based on HACCP.     

河南省食品安全综合示范区公众食品安全意识提升研究

目的做好食品安全知识宣传和培训,提升公众食品安全意识。方法实施食品安全政府推动计划。结果经2003年~2006年研究,创建了本地特色的公众食品安全宣传体系、培训体系,使示范区公众食品安全知识知晓率、不良行为改变率明显提高。结论政府推动,社会各界参与是公众食品安全意识提升的关键。     

Change in knowledge of general practitioners during their professional careers

In this study the level of knowledge of general practitioners(GPs) in different stages of their career, from the undergraduatelevel onwards to more than 20 years after certification, hasbeen investigated. The total body of knowledge as well as theknowledge about different aspects of care was established. Participantswere 108 medical students, 445 postgraduate trainees in sixdifferent stages of their training and 351 GPs with 5 to morethan 20 years of experience. They all took the same writtentest, designed to assess knowledge closely related to patientcare. An increase in test score was found from the start ofpostgraduate training onwards followed by a decrease starting5–10 years after certification. The curves for the differentaspects of care varied. It is concluded that the body of knowledgeof GP-trainees in creases during postgraduate training and reachesthe level of knowledge of GPs who are less than 10 years certified.From 10 years after certification onwards the knowledge decreasesas well as changes over time. The latter had also been foundin two American studies relating to the knowledge of certifiedGPs and internists. The results seem important for the organizationand content of postgraduate training and continuous medicaleducation.     

天津市156所学校集体用餐卫生状况调查

目的为掌握和了解天津市学校集体用餐的卫生状况,找出学生集体用餐中存在的问题及其对策。方法采用问卷调查和现场检查的方法,对天津市156所学校集体用餐情况进行了调查。结果学校食堂食品卫生持证率为59．57％,学校卫生设施普遍不足,学校食品从业人员及卫生管理人员食品卫生知识缺乏,存在导致食物中毒的隐患。结论提示应加强卫生监督执法力度,进一步做好食品卫生知识培训工作。     

广东省中医医院管理人员继续教育需求的调查分析

目的了解广东省中医医院管理人员继续教育的需求,为医院制定切实可行的继续教育方案提供依据。方法采用问卷调查法,对广东省20余家中医医院的管理人员进行调查并作结果分析。结果 95.5%的管理人员对参加继续教育培训表示赞同,在对继续教育项目调查中,对管理基础知识和管理应用技能方面的需求最大;对培训方式则偏重于观摩进修、项目实训和课程教授、学位培养;授课老师则更倾向相关专业的专家或教授和具有管理经验的成功人士;在对继续教育项目激励约束机制这一项的调查中,35.4%的管理人员选择与岗位资格挂钩,24.1%的人偏向于与职称评聘挂钩。结论绝大部分管理人员对继续教育的态度是积极的,在设定继续教育方案时应充分考虑各类管理人员的不同需求,合理安排课程内容、培训方式和授课老师,制定好相关的激励约束机制,以提高继续教育的效果,共同提高广东省中医医院整体管理水平。     

美国医院个案管理师概况与启示

从个案管理师的定义、资质认证、角色定位、工作职能、个案管理干预方法等方面，对美国医院个案管理师的培养和使用情况进行介绍。指出制定个案管理师培养方案，构建资质认证标准，完善岗位职能，建立个案管理师培养与使用机制，将是我国医院个案管理师的研究方向。     

Knowledge and practices of a control authority: impact on the environment and food safety

This study investigates the practices and knowledge of a Control Authority dealing with the environment and the safety and control of hawker foods. Experience and background education are used as likely determinants of food safety practices and knowledge of the control authority. A total of 60 questionnaires were distributed to the Health Inspectors (HIs) in the Hawkers' and Health Departments, City Hall, Kuala Lumpur. The return rate was 93%. The structured questionnaire contained 14 main food safety practices and knowledge constructs. Significance was found pertaining to knowledge of HIs with different experience backgrounds but experience was not demonstrated to impact on practices of HIs. However, education was noted to have significantly but inconsistently influenced certain Practices and Knowledge scores of HIs. A Pearson bivariate coefficient characterised an association between food safety practices and knowledge of the control authority. The findings: (1) highlight the actual shortcomings in the staff resources relating to environmental health, food safety, foodborne illnesses and their control, and (2) provide information on the control aspect within the hawker micro-industry with the view of protecting the public from health hazards arising from the hawkers' practices and consumption of hawker foods.     

A Review of Health and Safety Leadership and Managerial Practices on Modern Dairy Farms

ABSTRACT

As modern dairy operations around the world expand, farmers are increasingly reliant on greater automation and larger numbers of hired labor to milk cows and perform other essential farm tasks. Dairy farming is among the most dangerous occupations, with high rates of injury, illness, and employee turnover. Lower education levels, illiteracy, and limited language proficiency increase the possibility of injury or death associated with higher risk occupations such as dairy. Sustaining a healthy, productive workforce is a critical component of risk management; however, many owners and managers have not received formal training in employee management or occupational health and safety. Optimal dairy farming management should address milk production that is sustainable and responsible from the animal welfare, social, economic, and environmental perspectives. Each of these aspects is interdependent with each other and with a sustainable, healthy, productive workforce. Very few studies address the effectiveness of risk management in the dairy industry. Studies suggest that labor management practices are a potential competitive advantage for dairy farms, but the connection with efficiency, productivity, and profitability has not been clearly demonstrated. Transformational leadership has been associated with improved safety climate and reduced incidence of injury, whereas passive leadership styles have opposite effects. There is a need to develop and evaluate the effectiveness of safety-specific transformational leadership among dairy owners and managers. A systematic approach to risk management should address worker health and safety as an integral component of production, food safety, and animal welfare. A successful program must address the cultural and linguistic barriers associated with immigrant workers.     

Identifying specific beliefs to target to improve restaurant employees' intentions for performing three important food safety behaviors

Current national food safety training programs appear ineffective at improving food safety practices in foodservice operations, given the substantial number of Americans affected by foodborne illnesses after eating in restaurants each year. The Theory of Planned Behavior (TpB) was used to identify important beliefs that may be targeted to improve foodservice employees' intentions for three food safety behaviors that have the most substantial affect on public health: hand washing, using thermometers, and proper handling of food contact surfaces. In a cross-sectional design, foodservice employees (n=190) across three midwestern states completed a survey assessing TpB components and knowledge for the three food safety behaviors. Multiple regression analyses were performed on the TpB components for each behavior. Independent-samples t tests identified TpB beliefs that discriminated between participants who absolutely intend to perform the behaviors and those with lower intention. Employees' attitudes were the one consistent predictor of intentions for performing all three behaviors. However, a unique combination of important predictors existed for each separate behavior. Interventions for improving employees' behavioral intentions for food safety should focus on TpB components that predict intentions for each behavior and should bring all employees' beliefs in line with those of the employees who already intend to perform the food safety behaviors. Registered dietitians; dietetic technicians, registered; and foodservice managers can use these results to enhance training sessions and motivational programs to improve employees' food safety behaviors. Results also assist these professionals in recognizing their responsibility for enforcing and providing adequate resources for proper food safety behaviors.