冠状动脉慢性闭塞病变介入治疗中经桡动脉行对侧血管造影定位导丝方法的研究

目的:评价冠状动脉慢性闭塞病变(CTO)患者介入治疗中,经绕动脉行对侧冠状动脉造影定位导丝方法的可行性及安全性。方法:11例经股动脉造影证实冠状动脉CTO,且病变远端有对侧冠状动脉侧支循环形成。在导引导管及导丝到位后,穿刺桡动脉,在对侧冠状动脉放置造影导管,在操纵导丝通过病变处时借助桡动脉造影使靶血管远端显影,判断导丝是否在靶血管腔中。结果:10例成功经皮冠状动脉腔内成形术(PTCA)及支架置入术,1例失效,术中无冠状动脉夹层及穿孔等并发症发生。结论:经桡动脉进行对侧血管造影,通过侧支循环使CTO远端显影,判断导丝位置是有效安全的途径。     

经桡动脉行冠状动脉造影的疗效及安全性研究

目的探讨经桡动脉行冠状动脉介入治疗的疗效及安全性。方法我院138例拟行冠状动脉造影的患者随机分为经桡动脉组70例，经股动脉组68例，分别给予经桡动脉冠状动脉造影和经股动脉冠状动脉造影，对比观察两组患者的成功率、并发症、造影荆用量、手术时间及X线照射时间等。结果两组患者造影剂用量、X线照射时间、手术时间间差异均无显著性意义（P〉0．05），手术成功率、并发症发生率间差异亦均无显著性意义（P〉0．05）。结论经桡动脉途径行冠状动脉介入治疗是安全、有效的方法。     

经桡动脉冠状动脉造影术和血管成形术的可行性和安全性分析

目的 探讨经桡动脉行冠状动脉造影术和血管成形术的可行性、安全性和成功率.方法 回顾我院1.495例经桡动脉行冠状动脉造影术和694例经桡动脉行冠状动脉血管成形术患者,并以406例经股动脉行冠状动脉血管成形术患者作为对照,记录患者基本情况和临床资料.结果 经桡动脉行冠状动脉造影术的成功率为95.3%,经桡动脉行冠状动脉血管成形术的成功率为97.3%.经桡动脉冠状动脉血管成形术组手术成功率与经股动脉组(96.7%)差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05),但手术操作时间、X线照射时间较经股动脉组长(54.9±15.2 min比40.1±10.6 min,P＜0.05;20.2±8.3 min比15.1±6.5 min,P＜0.01)、造影剂用量较经股动脉组多(165.2±30.7 mL比143.5±25.1 mL,P＜0.01).大部分(94.5%)患者未出现任何并发症.结论 经桡动脉行冠状动脉造影术和血管成形术虽然手术操作时间和X线照射时间长,造影剂用量多,但手术成功率高、并发症少,具有临床可行性和安全性.     

老年患者经桡动脉径路与股动脉径路行选择性冠状动脉和脑动脉联合造影的对比研究

目的探讨老年患者经桡动脉径路对行选择性冠状动脉和脑动脉联合造影(心脑动脉联合造影)的可行性和安全性。方法选择2016年3月～2019年1月重庆市涪陵中心医院老年科行心脑动脉联合造影的老年患者482例,按不同入路随机分为经桡动脉径路组(桡动脉组)241例和经股动脉径路组(股动脉组)241例。比较2组穿刺成功率、造影剂用量、手术时间、射线暴露时间、导管超选到位成功例数、穿刺并发症发生率以及患者对此次数字减影血管造影(DSA)检查满意度。结果 2组患者全部穿刺成功,桡动脉组有3例因右侧桡动脉环至径路严重纡曲,改穿刺左侧桡动脉成功。与股动脉组比较,桡动脉组造影剂用量、手术时间、射线暴露时间有增加趋势,但差异无统计学意义(P0.05);2组导管超选到位成功率比较,差异无统计学意义(98.3%vs 99.2%,P0.05)。桡动脉组血管穿刺总并发症比例较股动脉组明显减少(2.5%vs 12.9%,P0.01)。桡动脉组DSA检查临床满意率明显高于股动脉组(81.3%vs 64,3%,χ~2=20.418,P0.01)。结论经桡动脉径路对老年患者行选择性心脑动脉联合造影安全可行,并能提高患者行DSA检查满意度。     

经皮桡动脉冠状动脉造影及冠状动脉成形术的临床应用

目的 :评价经皮桡动脉冠状动脉造影术与冠状动脉腔内成形术 (PTCA)的临床应用价值。方法 :有选择性的对 37例患者行经皮桡动脉途径冠状动脉造影及冠状动脉成形术 ,观察其疗效和血管并发症。结果 :1 桡动脉穿刺成功率为 93 8% (有 2例失败 )。 2 14例冠状动脉造影正常 ,17例冠状动脉造影显示 2 6处存在≥ 70 %的狭窄病变 ,适合行冠状动脉介入手术。 2 6处病变有 4处PTCA疗效满意 ,2 2处行PTCA +支架术 ,植入支架 31只。狭窄从 (81± 12 ) %降低至 (10 6± 7 4 ) % ,最小血管直径由 (0 86± 0 12 )mm增加至 (3 0 8± 0 32 )mm。 6例病人行冠状动脉旁路移植术。 3 所有患者术后即拔导管鞘 ,局部压迫 4h。术后并发症的发生率为 3 3% (1例术后的桡动脉闭塞 )。结论 :经桡动脉途径行冠状动脉造影及冠状动脉成形术安全可行 ,其具有穿刺部位出血少、住院时间短的特点 ,可选择性的应用于某些冠心病患者。     

高龄患者经桡动脉和股动脉行冠状动脉造影和支架植入术的效果分析

目的对比高龄患者中经桡动脉和股动脉途径行冠状动脉造影和支架植入术的安全性、可行性及疗效。方法216例接受介入诊疗的75岁以上冠心病心绞痛病人,随机分为桡动脉组及股动脉组,各108例。比较两组在冠脉造影及支架植入术中的动脉穿刺及手术操作时间、X线曝光时间、造影剂用量、支架植入数量、支架植入成功率、外周血管并发症发生率,以及支架植入术中两组特殊导管使用率,双钢丝及PTCA球囊使用率等的差异。结果桡动脉组及股动脉组的血管穿刺时间、穿刺成功率、造影成功率、支架成功率均无显著差异(P>0.05),术后不适反应发生率桡动脉组显著低于股动脉组;单个支架操作时间、特殊导管使用率、双钢丝及PTCA球囊使用率,桡动脉组均较股动脉组高,差异具有显著性(P<0.01),局部血管并发症率及术后患者舒适度、缩短住院时间,桡动脉组明显优于股动脉组,差异具有显著性(P<0.01)。结论高龄患者经桡动脉与股动脉途径介入诊疗具同样的安全性,可行性及疗效。     

三种不同路径行冠状动脉介入诊治的可行性和安全性的临床观察

目的 研宛经股动脉、桡动脉和尺动脉三种不同路径对冠状动脉介入的诊治方法,探讨经尺动脉径路行冠状动脉造影或介入治疗的可行性及安全性.方法 入选行冠状动脉造影及介入治疗的患者284倒,其中经尺动脉途径32例,经桡动脉途径168例,经股动脉途径91例,观察其手术成功率、失败原因和并发症.结果 冠状动脉介入诊治成功率,股动脉组100.0％,桡动脉组6.4％,尺动脉组96.9％.血管并发症发生率,股动脉组为(8.425±6.395)％,桡动脉组为(2.282±1.971)％,尺动脉组为(3.125±1.975)％.失败原因:3倒是因经桡动脉穿刺失败改尺动脉径路成功,3例桡动脉痉挛改尺动脉径路成功,1例尺动脉痉挛穿刺失败改股动脉穿刺成功.结论 经尺动脉路径行冠脉造影及介入治疗和经桡动脉径路一样是一种安全可行的介入诊疗路径.不仅可作为部分患者的首选穿刺血管,也可作为经桡动脉或股动脉途径的补充.     

不同导引导丝在经桡动脉径路冠状动脉造影中的应用

目的：探讨不同导引导丝对经桡动脉径路冠状动脉造影的影响。方法：选择2009年11月～2013年1月在我院成功行桡动脉径路冠状动脉造影的患者238例,按照采用不同导引导丝分为两组：A组（119例）采用普通J型交换导丝,B组（119例）采用泥鳅交换导丝。比较上述两种导丝的通过性、支撑力、并发症发生率。结果：泥鳅交换导丝通过性明显好于普通 J 型交换导丝,肘关节通过率（98.3％比87.4％）、头臂干通过率（100％比96.2％）明显高于普通J型交换导丝（P＜0.01或＜0.05）。普通 J 型交换导丝的导丝支撑转动导管力明显优于泥鳅交换导丝,左冠脉造影成功率明显高于泥鳅交换导丝（98.3％比89.1％,P＜0.01）。两组并发症发生率无明显差异。结论：冠脉造影导丝应首选普通J型交换导丝,不能通过时改用择泥鳅导丝。     

本期主要论文导读

第423页／经桡动脉同时行冠状动脉和肾动脉造影的可行性探讨 陈晓曙,王毅,姜文兵,等／温州市第三人民医院心内科,温州325000 目的：探讨应用加长Judkins造影导管经左或右桡动脉途径同时行选择性冠状动脉和肾动脉造影的可行性和安全性。方法：120例患者按介入径路分为左桡动脉组（52例）和右桡动脉组（68例）,应用加长Judkins造影导管（125cm）依次行选择性冠状动脉造影和双侧。肾动脉造影,比较手术操作时间、造影剂用量、X线暴露时间、成功率、并发症发生率。结果：左桡动脉组手术操作时间和x线暴露时间显著低于右桡动脉组（P〈0.01、P〈0.05）,造影剂用量、造影成功率和并发症发生率两组间无统计学差异。结论：经左桡动脉途径同时行选择性冠状动脉和肾动脉造影效率高,安全可行,对于需同时行选择性冠状动脉和。肾动脉造影的患者,可作为首选介入径路。     

经桡动脉途径普通J型导丝与超滑导丝的临床应用

目的观察经桡动脉途径进行冠状动脉造影时,普通J型导丝与亲水涂层超滑导丝的临床效果。方法将120例行冠状动脉造影检查的患者随机平均分入超滑组（n=60）与普通组（n=60）,超滑组患者使用亲水涂层超滑导丝,普通组患者使用普通J型导丝,对两组患者不适感觉、术者操作手感、导丝通过时间、导丝失败例数、并发症出现例数进行比较分析。结果①普通组与超滑组比较,患者均无明显不适感,超滑组有5例患者出现轻度不适,但两组差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）;②术者对普通组52名患者进行操作时感到轻度阻力,超滑组仅4例感到有轻度阻力,两组差异有统计学意义（P〈0.01）;③普通组导丝通过时间短于超滑组,差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）;④超滑组导丝通过失败0例,普通组导丝通过失败2例;⑤并发症：超滑组发生桡动脉痉挛2例,前壁张力性血肿2例;普通组发生桡动脉痉挛2例,差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。结论经桡动脉途径进行冠状动脉造影时,使用普通J型导丝简便易行,与超滑导丝的临床效相当且性价比较高,患者更易接受。     

Three layer functional model and energy exchange concept of aging process

Relying on a certain degree of abstraction, we can propose that no particular distinction exists between animate or living matter and inanimate matter. While focusing attention on some specifics, the dividing line between the two can be drawn. The most apparent distinction is in the level of structural and functional organization with the dissimilar streams of ‘energy flow’ between the observed entity and the surrounding environment. In essence, living matter is created from inanimate matter which is organized to contain internal intense energy processes and maintain lower intensity energy exchange processes with the environment. Taking internal and external energy processes into account, we contend in this paper that living matter can be referred to as matter of dissipative structure, with this structure assumed to be a common quality of all living creatures and living matter in general. Interruption of internal energy conversion processes and terminating the controlled energy exchange with the environment leads to degeneration of dissipative structure and reduction of the same to inanimate matter, (gas, liquid and/or solid inanimate substances), and ultimately what can be called ‘death.’ This concept of what we call dissipative nature can be extended from living organisms to social groups of animals, to mankind. An analogy based on the organization of matter provides a basis for a functional model of living entities. The models relies on the parallels among the three central structures of any cell (nucleus, cytoplasm and outer membrane) and the human body (central organs, body fluids along with the connective tissues, and external skin integument). This three-part structural organization may be observed almost universally in nature. It can be observed from the atomic structure to the planetary and intergalactic organizations. This similarity is corroborated by the membrane theory applied to living organisms. According to the energy nature of living matter and the proposed functional model, the decreased integrity of a human body's external envelope membrane is a first cause of the structural degradation and aging of the entire organism. The aging process than progresses externally to internally, as in single cell organisms, suggesting that much of the efforts towards the restoration and maintenance of the mechanisms responsible for structural development should be focused accordingly, on the membrane, i.e., the skin. Numerous reports indicate that all parts of the human body, like: bones, blood with blood vessels, muscles, skin, and so on, have some ability for restoration. Therefore, actual revival of not only aging tissue of the human body's membrane, but the entire human body enclosed within, with all internal organs, might be expected. We assess several aging theories within the context of our model and provide suggestions on how to activate the body's own anti-aging mechanisms and increase longevity. This paper presents some analogies and some distinctions that exist between the living dissipative structure matter and inanimate matter, discusses the aging process and proposes certain aging reversal solutions.     

Unusual responses of nocturnal pineal melatonin synthesis and secretion to swimming: Attempts to define mechanisms

Abstract: The effect of swimming at night on rat pineal melatonin synthesis was compared with that of light exposure at night. Rats were forced to swim at 0030 hr (lights out at 2000 hr) and sacrificed by decapitation 15 and 30 min later, immediately after swimming. Other groups of animals were exposed to white light (650μW/cm²) for 15 and 30 min at same time. Swimming caused a rapid and highly significant drop in the melatonin content in the pineal gland; however, the activity of N-acetyltransferase (NAT), the supposed rate limiting enzyme in the melatonin production, was not changed. Despite the drop in pineal melatonin levels, serum concentrations of the indole remained elevated in the rats that swam. In contrast, melatonin levels in the pineal and serum of light exposed rats fell precipitously, accompanied by a significant suppression of NAT activity. Since we anticipated that the strenuous exercise associated with swimming may induce release of artrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) from the heart, which in turn could cause the release of pineal melatonin, in a second study we injected physiological saline intravenously to stretch the cardiac muscle and release ANP. Three milliliters of normal saline was injected during the day into the jugular vein of anesthetized rats that were pretreated with isoproterenol to stimulate pineal melatonin production. Animals were killed 15 min after the saline injection, and pineal NAT activity and pineal melatonin levels were measured. The saline injections caused no alteration in the elevated levels of either NAT or melatonin. These data suggest that the disparity in pineal NAT activity (which was high) and pineal melatonin (which was low), in animals swum at night, may not be caused by ANP which is released during strenuous exercise such as swimming.     

Melatonin and photoperiodic time measurement: Seasonal breeding in the sheep

Abstract: Well-established circadian physiology supports the view that photoperiodic time measurement utilizes the coincidence between the presence of light and a photosensitive phase of a 'biological clock' to alter reproductive status—the so-called external coincidence model of seasonal breeding. In this review, we examine the mechanism whereby photoperiod interacts with presumed suprachiasmatic nuclei activity to allow endogenous melatonin to normally synchronize reproductive activity to the optimal time of year. The Romney Marsh sheep is particularly explored as an experimental model. It is suggested that the on/off activity of seasonal reproduction may be a robust mechanism able to be predictably manipulated by the judicious use of the light/dark cycle and exogenous melatonin, but firmly based on circadian principles.     

The immunoneuroendocrine role of melatonin

Abstract: A tight, physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging from a series of experimental studies. This link might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin seems to have an immunoenhancing effect that is particularly apparent in immunodepressive states. The negative effect of acute stress or immunosuppressive pharmacological treatments on various immune parameters are counteracted by melatonin. It seems important to note that one of the main targets of melatonin is the thymus, i.e., the central organ of the immune system. The clinical use of melatonin as an immunotherapeutic agent seems promising in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies as well as in cancer immunotherapy. The immunoenhancing action of melatonin seems to be mediated by T-helper cell-derived opioid peptides as well as by lymphokines and, perhaps, by pituitary hormones. Melatonin-induced-immuno-opioids (MHO) and lymphokines imply the presence of specific binding sites or melatonin receptors on cells of the immune system. On the other hand, lymphokines such as -γ-interferon and interleukin-2 as well as thymic hormones can modulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. The pineal gland might thus be viewed as the crux of a sophisticated immunoneuroendocrine network which functions as an unconscious, diffuse sensory organ.     

Serological survey of HIV and syphilis in pregnant women in Madagascar

Objectives Peripartal transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and Treponema pallidum, the causative agent of syphilis, leads to severe consequences for newborns. Preventive measures require awareness of the maternal infection. Although HIV and syphilis testing in Madagascar could be theoretically carried out within the framework of the national pregnancy follow‐up scheme, the required test kits are rarely available at peripheral health centres. In this study, we screened blood samples of pregnant Madagascan women for HIV and syphilis seroprevalence to estimate the demand for systemic screening in pregnancy. Methods Retrospective anonymous serological analysis for HIV and syphilis was performed in plasma samples from 1232 pregnant women that were taken between May and July 2010 in Ambositra, Ifanadiana, Manakara, Mananjary, Moramanga and Tsiroanomandidy (Madagascar) during pregnancy follow‐up. Screening was based on Treponema pallidum haemagglutination tests for syphilis and rapid tests for HIV, with confirmation of positive screening results on line assays. Results Out of 1232 pregnant women, none were seropositive for HIV and 37 (3%) were seropositive for Treponema pallidum. Conclusions Our findings are in line with previous studies that describe considerable syphilis prevalence in the rural Madagascan population. The results suggest a need for screening to prevent peripartal Treponema pallidum transmission, while HIV is still rare. If they are known, Treponema pallidum infections can be easily, safely and inexpensively treated even in pregnancy to reduce the risk of transmission.     

Response of rat pineal melatonin to calcium, magnesium, and lithium is circadian stage dependent

Abstract: Herein we documented the response of pineal melatonin production to electrolytes known to be effective on pineal function in view of a possible circadian stage dependence. We studied the release of melatonin by perifused rat pineal glands at 2 different circadian stages corresponding to the middle of the light and dark periods, i.e., respectively, 7 and 19 HALO (Hours After Light Onset, L:D = 12:12). The initial efflux rates were, as expected, much higher in the perifusates of glands removed from rats sacrificed during the dark phase than of those removed during the light phase. After 3 hr of perifusion, melatonin release reached similar levels which were found constant up to the 8th hr of perifusion, whatever the circadian stage. Perifusion of the glands with physiological concentrations for the rat of calcium (5.2 mmol/1) and magnesium (1.34 mmol/1) resulted in a stimulatory effect on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed in the middle of the dark period (19 HALO), whereas no effects were observed on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed during the light (7 HALO). Lithium (0.28 and 0.55 mmol/1) was ineffective on melatonin release in pineal glands removed 7 and 19 HALO. Our results show differences in the initial efflux rates of melatonin and in the response of perifused pineal glands to calcium and magnesium according to the circadian stage.