产前超声测量多项指标预测胎儿体重的意义

目的:探讨产前超声测量多项指标预测胎儿体重的方法及其意义.方法:以在某院出生的1560例新生儿作为研究对象,在分娩前3天内超声测量胎儿体重、双顶径、腹围和股骨长,分析胎儿体重和各指标之间的关系.结果:1560例单胎足月胎儿,体重(3320.13±512.13)g,双顶径(92.75±4.29)mm,腹围(343.76±22.27)mm,股骨(71.20±3.37)mm.胎儿体重与双顶径、腹围和股骨之间均有相关性,相关系数r在0.672~0.767,且有统计学意义.多因素分析显示新生儿体重与腹围相关性最大,双顶径次之,股骨长最小.通过受试者工作曲线(ROC)分析,利用胎儿腹围、股骨长和双顶径来判定巨大儿的截断值分别为355.00mm、73.50mm和95.50mm, 灵敏度分别为68.8%、68.8%和62.5%, 特异度分别为77.9%、79.2%和76.6%.结论:分娩前超声测量胎儿腹围、股骨长、双顶径可预测新生儿出生体重,腹围大于355mm、股骨大于73.50mm、双顶径大于95.5mm对预测巨大儿有临床价值.     

超声预测胎儿体重的临床应用与效果

目的探讨超声检查预测胎儿出生体重的相关参考因素以及应用不同公式对胎儿体重预测的临床效果。方法选取2015年5月至2016年5月期间在我院分娩的200例产妇作为研究对象,在分娩前72小时内运用超声技术对胎儿进行测量,测量的数据包括胎儿的双顶径(BPD)、腹围(AC)、头围(HC)、股骨长度(FL),将超声所测数据代入各个胎儿体重计算公式,记录预测的胎儿体重;同时测量孕足月产妇的宫高以及腹围。产妇分娩后测量新生儿的体重,对比各公式所预测新生儿体重的绝对误差与相对误差。结果公式8、公式9的绝对误差符合率最高,分别为83.0%(166/200)、93.0%(186/200),公式9的绝对误差符合率与其他各公式比较,差异有统计学意义(均P<0.05);公式9的相对误差符合率为94.5%(189/200),显著高于其他8个公式,差异有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。结论超声预测胎儿体重的多参数公式的准确性明显优于单参数公式,超声检查能够方便、快捷地预测胎儿体重,值得临床推广应用。     

268例足月儿超声估测的体重与产后差异剖析

目的:使产前超声预测胎儿分娩前体重更精准。方法:对37周-41周的268例足月儿在娩出前一周内,进行超声各项参数的测量(包括胎儿双顶径、腹围及股骨长度),用与其相关的公式得出胎儿超声预测体重,并与出生后新生儿实际体重对比。结果:37周-41周胎儿实际体重跟产前超声测得的胎儿双顶径、腹围、股骨长度均具有相关性,与腹围的关系最密切,但产前超声估测的体重与产后随访体重间仍存在较大差异。     

妊娠合并糖尿病巨大儿的超声预测与分娩期处理

目的:探讨超声测量胎儿腹围预测巨大儿的临床价值。方法:回顾126例妊娠合并糖尿病的足月单胎产妇超声测量胎儿双顶径、腹围、股骨长的数据,以胎儿腹围的超声测量值评价预测巨大儿的价值。结果:胎儿腹围与新生儿体重的相关性最好(r=0.84),以腹围≥35.0 cm为标准可以预测84.6%的巨大儿。结论:超声测量胎儿腹围能较准确地预测巨大儿。     

超声多参数与临床双参数估测法预测胎儿体重准确性比较

目的:对比双参数估测公式与超声多参数估测胎儿体重的准确性。方法:选择2016年2月—2017年10月本院分娩的130例单胎、足月产妇为研究对象,分别采用超声测量胎儿双顶径、头围、股骨长、腹围,以及临床常用的双参数公式来预测胎儿体重,以出生后体重为标准,评价两种预测方法的准确性。结果:超声多参数预测胎儿体重符合率(90.0%)高于临床双参数(70.8%)(P0.05);分娩巨大儿26例,超声参数预测巨大儿符合率(88.5%)高于临床双参数(69.2%)(P0.05).以出生体重为金标准,临床双参数与超声多参数预测方法的曲线下面积分别为0.719(0.102～0.835,P0.05)、0.830(0.025～0.762,P0.05)。结论:超声多参数预测胎儿体重准确率较高,可有效检出巨大儿,为分娩提供有价值参考。     

多因素预测胎儿体重的分析

目的 探讨临床上预测胎儿体重的较佳指标,为临床提供参考价值.方法 收集临产前足月、头位、单胎、无妊娠合并症的200例孕妇的临床资料,进行多因素逐步回归分析.结果 胎儿腹围、孕妇宫高、胎儿股骨长是预测胎儿体重的重要因素（P〈0.01）,其中胎儿的腹围（Beta=0.36）与孕妇宫高（Beta=0.396）具有很高的预测价值;孕妇体重指数、胎儿双顶径及胎儿头围不能预测胎儿体重.结论 胎儿的体重预测是多方面因素综合作用的结果,其中胎儿的腹围及孕妇宫高对胎儿体重具有很高的预测价值;胎儿股骨长度起一定的作用;孕妇的体重指数、胎儿双顶径及胎儿的头围预测胎儿体重的价值有限.     

多指标预测高体重儿与分娩结局相关性研究

目的:采用多个参数指标预测胎儿体重,选择相应分娩方式。方法:孕38周后测胎儿双顶径、股骨径、头围及腹围,根据相应标准分组,预测胎儿体重。结果:双顶径+股骨径<17 cm,腹围<35 cm,一般胎儿体重<3 500 g;头围>35 cm,腹围>36 cm,高体重儿可能性明显增加。如腹围>37 cm,高度提示巨大胎儿。结论:采用多参数指标能较准确预测胎儿体重,筛选高体重儿(>3 750 g),选择合适的分娩方式可避免产伤,降低难产率。     

妊娠合并糖尿病巨大儿的超声预测与分娩处理

目的探讨妊娠合并糖尿病巨大儿的超声预测效果及分娩期处理方法。方法从2015年12月至2017年2月我院收治的妊娠合并糖尿病孕妇中抽选140例作为研究对象。采用超声对胎儿进行检测,测量胎儿的腹围、双顶径及股骨长。之后,根据测量结果为孕妇选择合理的分娩方式。结果腹围、双顶径和股骨长度与新生儿的体重有着紧密的关系。分娩方式:剖宫产33例,占比71.74%;引产4例,并失败,占比8.70%;阴道分娩9例,占比19.57%。结论结合孕妇的临床资料以及胎儿的腹围、双顶径、股骨长等预测胎儿体重,有助于医生为妊娠合并糖尿病患者选择合适的分娩方式,减少并发症的发生。     

超声预测胎儿体重方法的比较

目的:提高超声预测胎儿体重的准确性。材料与方法对1031例胎儿在分娩前3天内,用超声检查胎儿双顶径、腹围、肝脏长度、股骨长度,分别用各种方程式得出胎儿体重,并与新生儿实际出生体重进行比较。结果:多项指标预测胎儿体重与新生儿实际体重的相关性最好。结论:应用超声测量胎儿多项指标预测胎儿体重的方法简便、准确,有较好的临床应用价值。     

B超测量胎儿径线预测新生儿体重的临床研究

目的 探讨足月分娩前B超测量胎儿相关径线对新生儿出生体重和巨大儿的预测价值.方法 对3 971名孕妇,在分娩前3天内超声测量胎儿双顶径、头围、胸径、腹围、股骨长、肱骨长,追踪胎儿的出生体重,使用SPSS10.0软件包分析胎儿各径线与出生体重的关系.结果 B超测量胎儿的双顶径、头围、胸径、腹围、股骨长、肱骨长与新生儿出生时体重相关性均有显著统计学意义(r值分别为0.500、0.475、0.541、0.673、0.567、0.410,均P<0.001).腹围和股骨长是巨大儿重要影响指标,OR值和95%CI分别为:1.069(1.054-1.084)及1.193(1.078-1.320),均P<0.05)."新生儿出生体重(g)=13.6×腹围(mm)+41.4×股骨长(mm)-4 182"模型对预测新生儿出生体重具有一定价值,但对巨大儿预测价值相对较低(假阴性率为79.8%).ROC曲线胎儿腹围、股骨长预测巨大儿的最佳临界值分别为357.5mm和71.5mm,该界值预测巨大儿的灵敏度分别为67.4%和75.6%,特异度分别为83.0%和60.5%.结论 足月分娩前B超测量胎儿胸围和股骨长是预测新生儿出生体重的较好指标,腹围大于357.5mm、股骨长大于71.5mm对预测巨大儿具有一定临床价值.     

宫高腹围法预测新生儿出生体质量3786例分析

目的探讨宫高腹围法预测新生儿出生体质量的准确性及其最佳适用范围。方法回顾性分析1992~2011年在重庆市妇幼保健院分娩的符合研究条件的3 786例孕妇(新生儿)资料,采用宫高腹围法比较不同宫高腹围、体质量指数(body mass index,BMI)、孕周产妇的新生儿估计体质量与出生实际体质量符合率。结果宫高腹围之和在120~139之间、孕周≥38周者,宫高腹围法新生儿出生估计体质量与出生实际体质量有较好的符合率;孕妇分娩前BMI对新生儿出生体质量预测无影响。结论选择性应用宫高腹围法预测新生儿出生体质量可提高其准确性。     

B超测量胎儿软组织及其它参数的临床价值

目的:探讨B超测量胎儿软组织等参数的临床价值。方法:超声测量分娩前胎儿腹壁皮下脂肪厚度(ASTT)、肩胛下软组织厚度(AcSTT)及皮肤至肩峰的距离(AcL)、肱骨中部皮下软组织厚度(HSTT)及皮肤至肱骨的距离(HML)、股骨中部皮下软组织厚度(FSTT)及皮肤至股骨的距离(FML)、双顶径(BPD)、头围(HC)、腹围(AC)、股骨长(FL)、肱骨长(HL)等数值,分析与新生儿体重之间的关系。结果:除AcSTT外的参数均与新生儿出生体重存在线性相关(P<0.05)。结论:结合测量胎儿软组织值更能准确地反映新生儿体重。     

巨大儿相关因素及妊娠结局分析

目的 探讨巨大儿发生的相关因素、分娩方式及并发症,提高产前诊断率,选择恰当的分娩方式.方法 回顾性分析我院2011年1月至2012年12月分娩的267例巨大儿的情况,并随机选择同期分娩的267例体重2 500～3 999 g的新生儿作为对照组进行比较.结果 研究组孕妇身高、体重、产次、孕龄、宫高、腹围及胎儿双顶径、股骨长、腹围明显高于对照组（P＜0.01）;研究组剖宫产率明显增高,剖宫产组分娩并发症明显低于阴道分娩组.结论 巨大儿增加母婴并发症,应正确产前诊断,巨大儿分娩方式以剖宫产相对安全.     

Maternal smoking and fetal growth characteristics in different periods of pregnancy: the generation R study

The authors examined the associations of maternal smoking in pregnancy with various fetal growth characteristics among 7,098 pregnant women participating in the Generation R Study (2002-2006), a population-based prospective cohort study of pregnant women and their children in Rotterdam, the Netherlands. Maternal smoking was assessed by questionnaires administered in early, mid-, and late pregnancy. Fetal growth characteristics evaluated included head circumference, abdominal circumference, and femur length measured repeatedly in mid- and late pregnancy. Maternal smoking during pregnancy was associated with reduced growth in head circumference (-0.56 mm/week; 95% confidence interval (CI): -0.73, -0.40), abdominal circumference (-0.58 mm/week; 95% CI: -0.81, -0.34), and femur length (-0.19 mm/week; 95% CI: -0.23, -0.14). This reduced growth resulted in a smaller femur length from midpregnancy (gestational age 18-24 weeks) onwards and smaller head and abdominal circumferences from late pregnancy (gestational age > or =25 weeks) onwards. Analyses using standard deviation scores for the growth characteristics demonstrated the largest effect estimates for femur length. The authors concluded that maternal smoking during pregnancy is associated with reduced growth in fetal head circumference, abdominal circumference, and femur length. The larger effect on femur length suggests that smoking during pregnancy affects primarily peripheral tissues.     

Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: Predictive Value of Fetal Growth Measurements by Ultrasonography at 22–24 Weeks: A Retrospective Cohort Study of Medical Records

Early intervention of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is effective in reducing pregnancy disorders. Fetal growth, measured by routine ultrasound scan a few weeks earlier before GDM diagnosis, might be useful to identify women at high risk of GDM. In the study, generalized estimating equations were applied to examine the associations between ultrasonic indicators of abnormal fetal growth at 22–24 weeks and the risk of subsequent GDM diagnosis. Of 44,179 deliveries, 8324 (18.8%) were diagnosed with GDM between 24 and 28 weeks. At 22–24 weeks, fetal head circumference (HC) < 10th, fetal femur length (FL) < 10th, and estimated fetal weight (EFW) < 10th percentile were associated with 13% to 17% increased risks of maternal GDM diagnosis. Small fetal size appeared to be especially predictive of GDM among women who were parous. Fetal growth in the highest decile of abdominal circumference (AC), HC, FL and EFW was not associated with risk of subsequent GDM. The observed mean difference in fetal size across gestation by GDM was small; there was less than 1 mm difference for AC, HC, and FL, and less than 5 g for EFW before 24 weeks. Despite similar mean fetal growth among women who were and were not later diagnosed with GDM, mothers with fetuses in the lowest decile of HC, FL and EFW at 22–24 weeks tended to have higher risk of GDM.     

低分子肝素联合低分子右旋糖酐在胎儿生长受限治疗中的临床应用价值分析

[目的]探讨低分子肝素联合低分子右旋糖酐在胎儿生长受限治疗中的临床应用价值。[方法]选取产前检查诊断为胎儿生长受限并于某院分娩的孕妇86例,随机分为观察组和对照组,两组患者在基础治疗的基础上,对照组给予低分子右旋糖酐+丹参;观察组给予低分子肝素+低分子右旋糖酐,两组患者均为静脉滴注,每天1次,7d为一疗程,两个疗程之间间隔7d。[结果]观察组胎儿每周宫高及头围、双顶径、腹围以及股骨长增长均明显大于对照组;治疗后PI、RI、S/D均明显低于自身治疗前以及对照组治疗后,生物物理评分明显高于自身治疗前及对照组治疗后;与对照组相比,新生儿胎龄延长、出生体重增加,新生儿窒息发生率及剖宫产率均降低。以上差异明显,有可比性。[结论]低分子肝素与低分子右旋糖酐合用可以有效地提高胎盘功能,且价廉经济,值得临床推广。     

Associations of residential greenspace exposure and fetal growth across four areas in Spain

An accumulating body of evidence has associated exposure to greenspace with improved birth outcomes, including higher birth weight and lower risk of low birth weight; however, evidence on such association with in-utero fetal growth is scarce. We explored the influence of maternal exposure to residential greenspace and fetal growth in four INMA (Infancia y Medio Ambiente) Spanish birth cohorts (2003–2008), with 2,465 participants. Residential greenspace was characterised by the Normalised Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) average across 100 m, 300 m, and 500 m buffers around the residence. Repeated ultrasound measurements of the abdominal circumference (AC), biparietal diameter (BPD), femur length (FL), and estimated fetal weight (EFW) were used. We created customised-generalised least squares models to evaluate associations of residential greenspace exposure on each fetal growth parameter, controlled for the relevant confounders. There were associations between the 500 m buffer and BPD, FL, and AC. We also found associations in the 300 m buffer and FL and AC. The associations in the 100 m buffer were null. Estimates were higher among participants with lower socioeconomic status. Mediation analyses found that air pollution might explain 15–37% of our associations. Mediation by physical activity was not observed. Greenspace exposure may be beneficial for fetal growth.     

Randomized controlled trial of prenatal zinc supplementation and fetal bone growth

BACKGROUND: Maternal zinc deficiency is relatively common in developing countries, but its consequences for fetal growth are not established. OBJECTIVE: The goal was to examine whether improvement in maternal gestational zinc status is positively associated with fetal growth as assessed by ultrasonography. DESIGN: We conducted a double-masked, randomized trial among 242 pregnant Peruvian women in an impoverished shantytown in Lima, Peru. At 10-16 wk of gestation, the women were randomly assigned to receive daily supplements containing 60 mg Fe and 250 microg folic acid, with or without 25 mg Zn. We measured fetal head circumference, biparietal diameter, abdominal circumference, and femur diaphysis length at 20, 24, 28, 32, 36, and 38 wk of gestation. Fetal measures were analyzed longitudinally to evaluate differences in trends of fetal growth by supplement type, and within-subject correlations were taken into account. RESULTS: Femur diaphysis length was greater in fetuses whose mothers received zinc supplements (P < 0.05), and the difference tended to increase with gestational age. No significant differences by supplement type were observed for the other anatomical sites measured. CONCLUSIONS: The observed positive effect of prenatal zinc on fetal femur diaphysis length is consistent with the results of experimental studies in animals and in vitro. The supplementation effect represents an upward shift in mean femur diaphysis length at term of about one-quarter of the reference SD. These findings suggest the potential importance of maternal zinc status for fetal bone growth in humans and illustrate the value of ultrasonography for evaluating the effect of prenatal nutritional interventions on components of fetal growth.     

超声测量胎儿股骨皮下组织厚度预测胎儿体重的临床应用

目的：探讨B超测定胎儿股骨皮下组织厚度预测胎儿出生体重的临床价值。方法：应用B型超声对196例正常孕妇在分娩前5d内测量胎儿双顶径（BPD）、头围（HC）、腹围（AC）、股骨长（FL）、股骨皮下组织厚度（TSTT），并与新生儿体重的关系进行分析。经单元线性回归得出预测胎儿体重的单元方程式。结果：股骨皮下组织厚度与新生儿体重相关性最好（γ=0．865）。依据股骨皮下组织厚度可以初步预测胎儿出生的体重范围。其符合率达80．1％。结论：应用B型超声测量胎儿股骨皮下组织厚度预测胎儿出生体重，方法简单、准确，有较好的临床应用价值。