去卵巢大鼠骨髓微环境中RUNX2\PPARγ基因及OPG\RANKL基因蛋白表达变化的实验研究

[目的]探讨在去卵巢大鼠骨质疏松模型骨髓微环境中成骨细胞、脂肪细胞和破骨细胞分化的相互关系及其机制.[方法]将3个月龄雌性SD大鼠16只随机分为2组:假手术组(SHAM)和去卵巢组(OVX),每组8只.采用双侧卵巢切除术复制骨质疏松大鼠模型.术后14周,应用双能X线吸收仪法(DXA)测第4腰椎和股骨骨密度(BMD).qRT-PCR法测量骨髓细胞RUNX2、PPARγ、OPG和RANKL mRNA表达量.石蜡组织切片HE染色测量第3腰椎和胫骨近端骨组织脂肪细胞数目.免疫组织化学染色测定胫骨近端骨组织OPG/RANKL蛋白表达量.[结果]与SHAM比较,OVX组腰椎和股骨BMD下降(P＜0.05).OVX组股骨骨髓细胞成骨分化转录因子RUNX2 mRNA水平比SHAM组增高(P＜0.05),成脂分化转录因子PPAR γ mRNA表达水平比SHAM组增高(P＜0.05).OVX组胫骨和第3腰椎脂肪细胞数目比SHMA组增多(P＜0.05).与SHAM组比较,OVX组股骨骨髓细胞RANKLmRNA和胫骨RANKL蛋白表达量增加(P＜0.05)且OPG/RANKL的比率都降低(P＜0.05),而两者OPG的mR-NA和蛋白表达量无统计学差异(P＞0.05).[结论]去卵巢大鼠骨量丢失可能是骨髓微环境中成骨细胞分化、脂肪细胞分化和破骨细胞分化紊乱导致.     

糖皮质激素对成年大鼠骨量的影响

目的利用双能X线吸收法(DXA)探讨成年大鼠接受糖皮质激素后骨量变化的规律。方法 21只44周龄SD雌性大鼠分别假性去卵巢+未注射糖皮质激素(SHAM组)、摘除双侧卵巢(OVX组)或注射甲基强的松龙[2.5 mg/(kg·d)](PRED组),应用扇形束DXA(QDR-4500A)每4周测定一次全身骨密度(BMD)、骨矿含量(BMC)、骨骼面积(AREA);术后12周处死,测定离体腰椎、股骨、胫骨及其兴趣区的BMD、BMC、AREA。压缩试验测定第二腰椎最大载荷和弹性模量。结果 (1)术后8周开始OVX组体重显著重于同龄SHAM组(8周时,P0.05,12周时P0.01),术后4周开始PRED组体重显著轻于同龄SHAM组(P0.05);(2)术后12周OVX组整体BMC显著高于SHAM组(P0.05),术后8、12周OVX组整体BMC显著高于PRED组(P0.05);(3)术后12周OVX组离体第5、6腰椎BMD及第6腰椎BMC显著低于SHAM组和PRED组(P0.05),PRED组离体各腰椎BMD、BMC、AREA与SHAM组无明显差异;(4)术后12周与SHAM组比较,OVX组离体股骨(-7.42%)、股骨远端(-10.85%)和近端(-6.92%)、胫骨近端(-11.40%)BMD显著降低(P0.05),其中股骨、股骨远端、胫骨近端BMC也显著降低(P0.05);(5)术后12周与SHAM组比较,PRED组离体股骨及各区BMD、BMC、AREA无显著性差异,整体胫骨及各区BMD无显著性差异;(6)术后12周与SHAM组比较,OVX组及PRED组胫骨中远端骨量增加;(7)与SHAM组比较,OVX组最大载荷和弹性模量显著降低,PRED组最大载荷显著降低。结论成熟期大鼠接受甲基强的松龙后,皮质骨和松质骨骨量没有显著变化,DXA检查难以发现其骨丢失情况;力学性能改变提示糖皮质激素更多的是引起骨质量的改变而导致了力学性能的下降及骨折的发生。     

鲑鱼降钙素对去卵巢大鼠骨髓细胞OPG、RANKL基因和蛋白表达的影响

[目的]观察鲑鱼降钙素(sCT)对去卵巢大鼠骨密度(BMD)、血清Ⅰ型胶原交联羧基末端肽(ICTP)变化的影响,以及骨髓细胞骨保护素(OPG)和核因子κB受体活化因子配体(RANKL)的基因表达和两者在胫骨骨骺端蛋白含量的变化.[方法]取3个月龄雌性SD大鼠24只,随机平均分3组:假手术组(Sham)、鲑鱼降钙素处理组(sCT)、安慰剂组(OVX).采用双侧卵巢切除术复制骨质疏松大鼠模型.术后2周CT组予鲑鱼降钙素皮下注射12周,应用双能X线吸收仪法(DXA)测BMD,ELISA法测量血清ICTP浓度,qRT-PCR法定量骨髓细胞OPG和RANKL的mRNA表达量,免疫组织化学染色法测定胫骨干骺端OPG和RANKL蛋白表达量.[结果]与OVX组比较,sCT组的腰椎BMD上升显著(P＜0.05),但股骨BMD改变不明显(P＞0.05);血清ICTP含量显著降低(P＜0.05);骨髓细胞RANKL的mRNA表达量变化不大(P＞0.05),但OPG的mRNA表达量升高(P＜0.05),OPG/RANKL的比率升高(P＜0.05);胫骨干骺端也呈现出RANKL蛋白改变不明显(P＞0.05),而OPG的蛋白分泌增加(P＜0.05),从而OPG/RANKL的比率高于OVX组(P＜0.05)的现象.[结论]降钙素可以预防腰椎BMD的丢失,降低血清ICTP水平,在体内可能主要通过上调OPG的mRNA表达和蛋白分泌,影响OPG/RANKL/RANK系统,影响破骨细胞功能,抑制骨吸收,进而达到预防绝经后骨质疏松的目的.     

当归鸡血藤化裁方发挥类雌激素作用保护去卵巢大鼠骨量流失

目的 观察当归鸡血藤化裁方对去卵巢大鼠骨密度和骨量的影响并探讨相关的作用机制。方法 将30只3月龄雌性大鼠随机分为Sham组、OVX组以及OVX+T组，每组10只；适应性饲养两周后对Sham组行假手术，对OVX及OVX+T组行双侧卵巢去势手术，其中OVX+T组于术后两个月给予等效当归鸡血藤化裁方灌胃治疗；连续给药12周后，取各组大鼠血清及股骨组织分别进行骨密度检测、组织切片检测、蛋白印迹检测及血清指标检测。结果 X线及HE切片显示，OVX组骨密度及骨微参数均低于Sham组，OVX+T组骨密度及骨微参数高于OVX组(P＜0.05)。血清指标显示，OVX组的17β-E2水平低于Sham组，ALP、CTX-1、TRAcP-5b含量或活性高于Sham组；OVX+T组的17β-E2水平高于OVX组，ALP、CTX-1、TRAcP-5b含量或活性低于OVX组(P＜0.05)。蛋白印迹结果显示，OVX组的OPG、ERK表达水平低于Sham组，RANKL、RANK、RANKL/OPG的比率高于Sham组；OVX+T组的OPG、ERK表达水平高于OVX组，RANKL、RANK、RANKL/OPG的比率低于OVX组(P＜0.05)。结论 当归鸡血藤化裁方是通过类雌激素作用抑制骨的高转化率，并通过OPG/RANKL/RANK信号通路来促进骨形成并抑制骨吸收，从而来防治雌激素缺乏引起的骨质疏松症。在这一过程中可能有ERK信号通路的参与。     

二甲双胍对去卵巢大鼠骨质疏松症的影响及机制研究

目的 以雌二醇为对照,观察二甲双胍(metformin, MF)对去卵巢大鼠骨密度及骨矿含量的影响,并从细胞、分子水平探究MF可能的骨保护机制。方法 将60只雌性SD大鼠随机均分4组：假手术（SHAM）组、去卵巢（OVX）组、去卵巢+二甲双胍（OVX+MF）组和去卵巢+雌二醇(OVX+E2 )组。分组灌胃给药60 d后测量大鼠右侧胫骨骨密度和骨矿含量;分离培养各组大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞（BMSCs）并诱导其向成骨细胞分化,用MTT法测定细胞活性及增殖能力;测定各组碱性磷酸酶（ALP）活性、矿化结节数目、钙含量以及I型胶原（collagen type I）、骨钙素（OC）、骨保护素 (OPG)、NFκB受体的配体 (RANKL)、白细胞介素-6（IL-6）基因表达水平。结果 与OVX组相比,OVX+MF组和OVX+E2组成骨细胞的增殖能力与ALP活性明显增强,骨密度、骨矿含量以及钙沉积量显著增加(P均<0.05),且两组collagen type I、OC、OPG mRNA的表达水平显著升高,而RANKL、IL-6mRNA表达明显受到抑制;但OVX+MF组去卵巢大鼠成骨细胞的增殖能力、ALP活性、钙沉积量、collagen type I、OC、OPG mRNA表达水平低于OVX+E2组,RANKL、IL-6mRNA表达高于OVX+E2组（P均<0.05）;与SHAM组比较,OVX+MF组的collagen type I、OC、OPG mRNA的表达水平更高（P<0.05）。结论 二甲双胍可能通过OPG/RANKL/RANK信号通路促进BMSCs向成骨细胞分化,有效逆转去卵巢大鼠骨质疏松的状态,这种潜在的骨保护作用可能会改善糖尿病引起的骨质疏松。     

培本固疏方对去势大鼠骨代谢及骨生物力学的影响

目的观察培本固疏方对去卵巢骨质疏松模型大鼠骨密度、骨生物力学及骨代谢指标的影响。方法将42只SD大鼠随机分为假手术组(SHAM)、模型对照组(OVX)、中药低剂量组(D)、中药中剂量组(Z)、中药高剂量组(G)和西药组(X),通过切除大鼠双侧卵巢建立骨质疏松症模型,假手术组仅切除卵巢周围约1 g的脂肪组织。造模4周后进行药物干预,各组持续灌胃8周。计算子宫指数,测定股骨骨密度(bone mineral density,BMD)及股骨生物力学弹性载荷、极限载荷、弹性模量等指标;采用ELISA法测定血清骨代谢指标TRACP5b、sRANKL、OPG及氧化应激指标MDA、AGEs的含量。结果与SHAM组比较,OVX组子宫指数、股骨近端和股骨中段BMD、弹性载荷、弹性模量均明显降低(P0. 05),OVX组血清MDA、AGEs含量明显升高(P0. 01),血清TRACP5b含量明显升高(P0. 01),而OPG、OPG/sRANKL比值下降(P0. 01);与OVX组相比,各治疗组子宫指数、骨强度均有所改善。Z组、G组及X组BMD均明显增高(P0. 05)。Z组、G组及X组TRACP5b含量下降(P0. 05)、OPG含量升高(P0. 05)、RANKL含量降低、OPG/sRANKL比值升高(P0. 05)。Z组、G组血清MDA、AGEs含量降低(P0. 05)。结论培本固疏方可以增加骨强度,通过OPG/RANKL/RANK通路来抑制破骨细胞形成,减缓骨基质吸收,抗氧化应激机制也可能参与其中,具体机制有待探讨。     

壮骨止痛方通过RANKL/RANK信号通路抑制骨吸收的机制研究

目的 探讨壮骨止痛方调控骨吸收及破骨活动干预去势大鼠骨质疏松症的疗效和作用机制,为临床治疗绝经后骨质疏松症提供实验依据。方法 40只SD大鼠按照完全随机原则分为ZGZTF组、EV组、OVX组、SHAM组。除SHAM组之外余下均按国内外常用PMOP模型构建方法造模。术后第7天分别给予中药、雌二醇和蒸馏水灌胃。末次取材后检测大鼠右侧股骨骨密度,HE染色法观察各组大鼠胫骨骨组织病理形态变化,ELISA检测血清E2、RANKL水平,免疫组化法分析RANK、TRAP、CTSK的蛋白表达。结果 与OVX组相比,ZGZTF组大鼠骨密度有所升高,胫骨股骨骨组织微结构得到改善,骨小梁连续性稍恢复,骨髓腔缩小,脂肪空泡减少。血清中E2表达上调,RANKL水平下调（P＜0.05）,骨组织RANK、TRAP、CTSK蛋白表达下调（P＜0.05）。结论 壮骨止痛方可以降低去势大鼠骨组织相关的破骨因子的表达。抑制破骨细胞过度分化,改善骨耦联失衡,达到治疗绝经后骨质疏松症的疗效。     

骨碎补经骨髓间充质干细胞调节OPG/RANKL/RANK通路抑制破骨细胞的实验研究

目的研究骨碎补作用绝经后骨质疏松大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞(bone marrow stromal cells,BMSCs)调节OPG/RANKL/RANK通路及对破骨细胞分化成熟的影响并探讨其可能的作用机制。方法实验大鼠去双侧卵巢造模,分为实验组(OVXDF,造模+骨碎补水煎液灌胃)、模型组(OVX,造模+0.9%生理盐水灌胃)、假手术组(SHAM,假手术+0.9%生理盐水灌胃),造模成功后提取BMSCs,将BMSCs和骨髓单核细胞共培养于Transwell小室的上室和下室,分为实验组+破骨细胞(OVXDF+OC)、模型组+破骨细胞(OVX+OC)、假手术组+破骨细胞(SHAM+OC)。下室加入破骨细胞诱导剂,倒置相差显微镜观察破骨细胞的分化成熟情况并计数,酶联免疫吸附剂测定(ELISA)检测下室培养液中骨保护素(osteoprotegerin,OPG)、RANKL的含量,实时荧光定量PCR和蛋白质印迹法(Western blot)检测BMSCs中Wnt10b、β-catenin、RANKL、OPG mRAN及蛋白表达并计算RANKL/OPG。结果在共培养系统中,与去卵巢灌胃大鼠BMSCs共培养的破骨细胞(OVXDF+OC)数量较单纯模型组+破骨细胞(OVX+OC)明显减少(P0.05)。下室培养液OPG含量及共培养BMSCs中Wnt10b、β-catenin、OPG mRAN及蛋白表达模型组+破骨细胞(OVX+OC)最低,RANKL及RANKL/OPG最高,经骨碎补灌胃后(OVXDF+OC)培养液中OPG含量及BMSCs细胞中Wnt10b、β-catenin、OPG mRAN及蛋白表达明显升高,培养液及BMSCs细胞中RANKL及RANKL/OPG明显降低(P0.05)。结论骨碎补可调节BMSCs细胞OPG、RANKL的表达,激活OPG/RANKL/RANK信号通路抑制破骨细胞的分化和成熟,此作用可能与BMSCs的Wnt/β-catenin信号通路的激活有关。     

吡咯喹啉醌通过降低氧化应激和RANKL/OPG比率减少去卵巢大鼠骨量流失研究

目的观察补充吡咯喹啉醌(PQQ)对去卵巢诱导的骨质疏松大鼠骨量和骨强度的影响。方法 30只12周龄(225～260 g)雌性SD大鼠随机分为3组(每组n=10),即OVX组、OVX+PQQ组和Sham组;其中OVX组和OVX+PQQ组进行手术切除双侧卵巢,而Sham组进行假手术; OVX+PQQ组术后食物添加4 mg/kg PQQ。治疗12周,在治疗结束收集血液和股骨,分别进行微型计算机断层扫描(Micro-CT)、生物力学检测、组织切片检测、蛋白印迹检测(WB)以及血清指标检测。结果Micro-CT和HE切片表明,与Sham组相比,OVX组的股骨骨密度和骨微观参数显著降低(P0.05); OVX组的小梁间距显著增加(P0.05),而OVX+PQQ上述指标明显优于OVX组(P0.05)。生物力学检测表明Sham组具有最高的极限载荷、能量和刚度;与OVX组比较,OVX+PQQ组极限载荷、能量和刚度明显增加(P0.05)。血清学表明,与Sham组大鼠相比,OVX大鼠血清CTX-1、TRACP-5b和MDA水平均显著升高,而T-AOC和SOD活性显著降低; PQQ治疗后显著改善(P0.05)。WB检测结果表明与Sham组大鼠相比,OVX大鼠RANKL和RANKL/OPG比率均显著升高,而OPG和FOXO1表达显著降低;经过PQQ后得到RANKL和RANKL/OPG比率均显著降低,而OPG和FOXO1表达显著增加(P 0.05)。结论 PQQ通过抑制氧化应激和降低RANKL/OPG比率来增加去卵巢大鼠骨量和骨强度。     

褪黑素对去卵巢大鼠细胞因子水平和RANKL/OPG比值及骨密度的影响

目的 观察褪黑素对去卵巢大鼠细胞因子水平和RANKL/OPG比值及骨密度的影响。方法 将32只3月龄的雌性大鼠随机分为4组,每组8只。A：假手术组(Sham组),B：去卵巢组(OVX组),C：去卵巢+β-雌二醇治疗组[487.5 μg/(kg·d),OVX+E2组],D：去卵巢+褪黑素治疗组[50 mg/(kg·d),OVX+MEL组],药物治疗8周。治疗结束后,处死动物,取胫骨进行骨密度(bone mineral density, BMD)测定,对股骨进行细胞因子和基因表达分析。结果 治疗8周时,OVX组胫骨骨密度较Sham组显著降低(P<0.05),而OVX+MEL组的胫骨骨密度较OVX组显著增高(P<0.05);OVX组RANKL/OPG比值较Sham组显著增高(P<0.05);OVX组股骨IL-17A及IL-1β和TNF-α较Sham组显著增加 (P<0.05),而IL-23较Sham组显著降低 (P<0.05)。OVX+MEL组的股骨IL-17A及IL-1β和TNF-α较OVX组显著降低,而IL-23较OVX组显著增加(P<0.05)。结论 褪黑素可以通过降低RANKL/OPG比值,改善IL-23、IL-17A、IL-1β和TNF-α细胞因子的表达来增加骨密度。     

中等强度跑台运动对去卵巢大鼠后肢骨骨矿物含量和骨密度的双重调节作用

目的 观察中等强度跑台运动对去卵巢大鼠后肢骨骨矿物含量(BMC)和骨密度(BMD)的影响.方法 将60只3月龄未经产雌性SD大鼠按体重随机分为假手术、去卵巢静止、去卵巢运动Ⅰ、去卵巢运动Ⅱ、去卵巢运动Ⅲ和去卵巢运动Ⅳ 6个组.各运动组经1周的跑台适应训练后,按实验设计分别进行为期14周的正式跑台训练.实验结束时,腹主动脉取血处死大鼠,双能χ-射线骨密度仪检测右侧游离股骨和胫骨的BMC和BMD.结果 ①与假手术组相比,去卵巢静止组股骨近端和远端以及胫骨近端BMC和BMD显著下降,但股骨中段以及胫骨中段和远端BMC和BMD无显著变化.②与去卵巢静止组相比,去卵巢运动Ⅰ组股骨近端和远端BMC显著增加,股骨中段以及胫骨3个部位BMC均无显著变化;去卵巢运动Ⅱ组和Ⅲ组股骨和胫骨3个部位BMC 均无显著变化;去卵巢运动Ⅳ组股骨3个部位BMC均无显著变化,而胫骨3个部位BMC均显著下降.③与去卵巢静止组相比,去卵巢运动Ⅰ组股骨近端和远端以及胫骨近端BMD 显著增加, 而股骨中段和胫骨中段和远端BMD无显著变化;去卵巢运动Ⅱ组和Ⅲ组股骨和胫骨任何部位BMD均没有显著变化;去卵巢运动Ⅳ组股骨3个部位BMD无显著变化,而胫骨3个部位BMD却显著下降.结论 较低中等强度跑台运动能减缓去卵巢大鼠股骨近端和远端骨矿物含量和骨密度的下降;而较高中等强度跑台运动却能加速去卵巢大鼠胫骨近端骨矿物含量和骨密度的下降.     

Calcium and Magnesium Supplementation Improves Serum OPG/RANKL in Calcium-Deficient Ovariectomized Rats

Magnesium (Mg) deficiency has been reported to result in increases in bone resorption through changes in the cytokine system, such as decreases in serum osteoprotegerin (OPG) concentrations and increases in receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL) concentrations. However, there are few data about the effects of Mg supplementation on OPG and RANKL. This study was carried out to investigate the effects of Mg supplementation on bone mineral density (BMD), bone mineral content (BMC), serum OPG, and RANKL in ovariectomized (OVX) rats relative to calcium (Ca) intake levels. Fifty-five Sprague-Dawley female rats were divided into the following five groups and fed for 12 weeks as indicated: sham-operated control group (sham), OVX Ca-deficient group (OLCa, 0.1% Ca and 0.05% Mg), OVX Ca-deficient and Mg-supplemented group (OLCaMg, 0.1% Ca and 0.1% Mg), OVX Ca-adequate group (OACa, 0.5% Ca and 0.05% Mg), and OVX Ca-adequate and Mg-supplemented group (OACaMg, 0.5% Ca and 0.1% Mg). The BMD of the lumbar spine, femur, and tibia in the OVX groups was significantly lower than that in the sham group. The OVX group with an adequate-Ca diet showed significantly higher BMC of the lumbar spine compared to the low Ca–diet group regardless of Mg supplementation. The OACaMg group had significantly higher levels of OPG and OPG/RANKL ratio than did the OLCa group. From the above results, it is still unclear whether Mg supplementation can improve bone mineral status, while Mg supplementation with an adequate-Ca diet resulted in a change in cytokines that may promote bone formation.     

Differences in Bone Turnover and Skeletal Response to Thyroid Hormone Treatment Between Estrogen-Depleted and Repleted Rats

This study was undertaken to compare the effect of supraphysiological doses of thyroxine (T4) on bone metabolism in SHAM and OVX young adult rats. Female Sprague Dawley rats (220 ± 2 g, approx. 5 months of age) were divided into four groups of eight animals each. The animals were intraperitoneally injected 6 days per week with vehicle (Vh): 0.001 N NaOH/0.9% NaCl (SHAM+Vh and OVX+Vh) or 250 μg of thyroxine/kg/day (SHAM+T4 and OVX+T4) during a 5-week period. Serum T4 and osteocalcin (BGP), urinary pyridinolines (Pyr), and creatinine (creat) were determined. At the beginning and at end of the experiment, skeletal bone mineral content (BMC), bone mineral density (BMD), and area (A) of the total skeleton, femur, spine, and whole tibia, as well as proximal, middle, and distal areas of the tibia were assessed by dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) in an ultra-high-resolution mode. T4 treatment of the SHAM rats did not induce significant changes in BGP level or Pyr/creat excretion compared with the SHAM+Vh control group. However, these two biochemical bone markers significantly increased due to T4 treatment in OVX rats compared with both OVX+Vh and SHAM+T4 groups (P < 0.05 and P < 0.001, respectively). The OVX+T4 group had a significantly lower ΔBMD than SHAM+T4 rats in all studied regions (P < 0.05) except for the middle tibia region. OVX+T4 groups presented a significantly lower ΔBMC and ΔA compared with SHAM+T4 animals (P < 0.001). OVX+T4 rats significantly impaired the ΔBMD in the femur (P < 0.01), spine (P < 0.05), whole (P < 0.05) and middle (P < 0.05) tibia whereas T4 treatment of SHAM rats only affected, significantly, the whole (P < 0.05) and the proximal tibia region (P < 0.01). T4 treatment affects bone growth in young adult rats. The effect is significantly greater in the estrogen-depleted than in the estrogen-repleted state. The bone site most adversely affected by T4 treatment depends on the estrogen status. The proximal tibia (principally trabecular bone) was the most affected area in estrogen-repleted rats. Conversely, in OVX rats, the middle tibia (principally cortical bone) presented the greatest decrease in bone density. Received: 20 May 1999 / Accepted: 4 February 2000     

骨质疏松症大鼠模型生物力学性能和OPG/RANKL/RANK信号通路研究

摘要：目的 研究针刺对骨质疏松症（osteoporosis，OP）模型大鼠生物力学性能和骨保护素（OPG）/核因子-κB受体活化因子（RANKL） /核因子-κB受体活化因子受体（RANK）信号通路的影响，探讨针刺防治OP的作用机制。方法 选取50只雌性SD大鼠，通过摘除卵巢建立OP大鼠模型，分为假手术组、模型组、针刺低剂量组、针刺高剂量组、阿仑膦酸钠组，每组10只。成功建立模型并对大鼠进行适应性喂养2个月后，连续灌胃给药12周，再进行腹主动脉取血并处死大鼠。通过双能X射线仪测定各组大鼠右侧下肢股骨骨矿含量；用酶联免疫吸附法测定法检测血清钙（Ca2+）、磷（P）和OPG、RANKL、RANK的水平；采用AG-IX万能实验机检测股骨的生物力学性能；采用蛋白质印迹法检测骨组织OPG、RANKL、RANK蛋白的表达。结果 与假手术组比较，模型组大鼠骨组织中骨矿含量、血清Ca2+、P、OPG的表达、股骨组织中OPG蛋白含量和股骨最大载荷、刚度及弹性模量均明显降低（P＜0.01）；血清RANKL和RANK的表达及股骨组织中RANKL、RANK蛋白含量明显升高（P＜0.01）。与模型组比较，针刺低剂量组和针刺高剂量组以及阿仑膦酸钠组上述指标均有明显改善（P<0.05或P<0.01），且针刺的作用具有剂量依赖性（P<0.05或P<0.01）。结论 针刺具有明显的抗OP作用，可能与其改善骨组织生物力学特性以及调控OPG/RANKL/RANK通路有关。     

MicroPET/CT评价去卵巢大鼠骨代谢变化的实验研究

目的探讨使用microPET/CT扫描仪对骨质疏松非创伤性探查的可行性,分析去卵巢大鼠雌激素缺乏引起骨质疏松的骨代谢变化。方法 12只6月龄雌性未孕Sprague-Dawley大鼠,体重290 g～310 g,随机分为两组(n=6):去卵巢组(OVX)和假手术组(SHAM)。用microPET/CT扫描仪进行骨显像,检测大鼠第4腰椎椎体、左股骨近端,左股骨干以及左胫骨中段对核素显像剂18F-F-的摄取。骨显像检测后腹主动脉放血法处死大鼠,取子宫称重,收集第4腰椎、左侧股骨和胫骨,用双能X线骨密度检测仪(DXA)测定第4腰椎椎体、左股骨近端,左股骨干以及左胫骨干的骨密度,取大鼠右侧胫骨制备成不脱钙硬组织切片进行形态学观察。结果 OVX组第4腰椎椎体、左股骨近端,左股骨干以及左胫骨干的骨密度比SHAM组有显著性下降。与SHAM组比较,microPET/CT骨显像可见OVX组第4腰椎椎体、左股骨近端,左股骨干以及左胫骨干核素浓聚,去卵巢大鼠骨骼兴趣区PET影像强度增加。两组大鼠胫骨干的骨几何结构参数比较无显著性差异,OVX组大鼠胫骨近端松质骨的结构参数与SHAM组比较有明显变化。OVX组大鼠胫骨近端的骨形成参数矿化表面、矿物质沉积率和骨形成率比SHAM组有显著性升高。两组大鼠胫骨第4腰椎椎体、左股骨近端,左股骨干以及左胫骨干PET影像强度与其骨密度之间呈显著性负相关。结论 MicroPET/CT可用于骨质疏松大鼠的骨代谢研究,为临床诊断骨质疏松新方法研究提供了新思路。     

牛蒡苷元通过OPG/RANKL信号通路介导对去卵巢大鼠骨量流失的保护作用

目的探讨牛蒡苷元(AGN)对去卵巢大鼠骨强度和骨量的影响,并探索可能的机制。方法本研究中通过双侧去卵巢建立骨质疏松大鼠模型;随后随机分为假手术组(Sham)、去卵巢组(OVX)以及牛蒡苷元组(AGN),每组10只;其中牛蒡苷元组大鼠接受牛蒡苷元[40 mg/(kg.d)]治疗12周;待治疗结束后使用Micro-CT、Masson染色切片、骨代谢指标、骨生物力学检测以及蛋白质印迹观察治疗效果以及可能的机制。结果治疗12周后,与OVX组相比,Micro-CT和Masson染色切片结果显示AGN组的大鼠骨小梁数量和骨密度得到明显改善。AGN组大鼠BMD、TV/BV、Tb.N、Tb.Th和Tb.Sp较OVX组明显改善(P0.05)。治疗12周时,AGN组极限载荷和刚度较OVX组显著增加(P0.05),而AGN组骨代谢指标AKP和TRACP水平显著降低(P0.05),差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。和OVX组比较,AGN组OPG表达水平明显上调,而RANKL表达水平显著下调,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。表明AGN组的大鼠OPG/RANKL信号通路被激活。结论牛蒡苷元可以通过OPG/RANKL信号通路介导对去卵巢大鼠骨骼的保护作用。     

Do Different Aminobisphosphonates Have Similar Preventive Effect on Experimental Thyroid Hormone-Induced Osteopenia in Rats?

We compared similar doses of three different aminobisphosphonates (BP): olpadronate (OPD), pamidronate (APD), and alendronate (ALE) on osteopenia induced by thyroxine (T4)-treatment in OVX and SHAM adult rats. Female Sprague Dawley rats (259 +/- 8 g) were treated with vehicle (SHAM+Vh and OVX+Vh), 250 microg T4/kg/day (SHAM+T4 and OVX+T4), 0.3 mg OPD/kg/day (SHAM+OPD and OVX+OPD), 0.2 mg ALE/kg/day (SHAM+ALE and OVX+ALE), 1.5 mg APD/kg/day (SHAM+APD and OVX+APD), T4+OPD (SHAM+T4+OPD and OVX+T4+OPD), T4+ALE (SHAM+T4+ALE and OVX+T4+ALE), and T4 +APD (SHAM+T4+APD and OVX+T4+APD) during a 5-week period. At the onset and at the end of the experiment, total skeleton bone mineral density (BMD) was assessed in vivo by DXA. Lumbar spine and proximal tibia BMDs were evaluated. T4 treatment to SHAM rats did not modify BGP levels significantly: neither did ovariectomy. T4 treatment to OVX rats significantly increased bone-gla-protein (BGP) levels compared with the other studied groups (P < 0.05). BP treatment reduced BGP levels to values significantly lower than SHAM rats (P < 0.05) and reduced bone alkaline phosphatase in SHAM groups (P < 0.05) but no changes were found in OVX groups. The increased D-Pyr excretion observed in SHAM+T4 rats (P = 0.056), OVX+Vh (P < 0.05), and OVX+T4 group (P < 0.001) compared with the SHAM+Vh rats was prevented by the BP treatment. OVX+Vh rats had total skeleton and proximal tibia BMD, and OVX+T4 group had total skeleton, spine, and proximal tibia BMD significantly lower than the SHAM+Vh group. BP treatment was also found to prevent this reduction. The reduced bone resorption and the prevention of bone loss showed no differences among very close, potentially equivalent doses of the three aminoBPs used. Consequently, treatment with very close similar doses of APD, ODP, and ALE prevented bone resorption and bone changes with the same efficacy.