外伤性支气管断裂的影像学诊断价值

目的分析外伤性支气管断裂的X线平片和多层CT表现,探讨影像学表现在诊断中的价值。方法回顾性分析5例经手术证实的外伤性支气管断裂的X线平片和多层CT影像学表现。结果支气管断裂的主要影像学表现为:气管支气管气柱中断,肺不张,肺下垂征,气胸或液气胸,纵隔气肿。多层CT重组技术能直接清晰显示支气管管壁断裂、移位或成角畸形。结论外伤性支气管断裂有特征性的影像学表现,准确认识这些征象,有助于早期诊断。     

青少年自发性纵隔气肿2例并文献复习

目的 :分析青少年自发性纵隔气肿(SPM)的影像学表现,以提高诊断水平。方法 :分析我院2例青少年SPM的资料,并回顾近年来相关文献。结果:X线平片示纵隔气肿呈纵隔增宽,纵隔缘透亮影,胸骨后透亮隙影。CT更能清晰显示气管、支气管、食管、血管周围积气及间质性肺气肿。结论:SPM多见于青少年,X线平片有一定的诊断价值,CT更有利于纵隔气肿的诊断及病因的发现。     

Blount’s病的影像学表现(附5例报告并文献复习)

目的探讨Blount’s病的影像学特征。方法回顾分析5例Blount’s病的X线、CT及MRI表现,并结合文献复习进行讨论。结果 X线平片可清楚显示胫骨骨骺、干骺端的骨性改变,可直接测量胫内翻角;CT对胫骨骨骺及干骺端形态、边缘及临近软组织变化显示清楚,三维重建能显示X线平片不能显示的改变;MRI兼有X线平片和CT片的优点,且对骺软骨板显示良好。结论 Blount’s病的影像表现颇具特征性,MRI能对其做出早期诊断。     

气管支气管异物的影像学表现(附23例分析)

目的：回顾分析23例气管支气管异物的影像学表现，以提高影像学对气管支气管异物的诊断水平。方法：对23例气管支气管异物的患者均先行胸部普通透视检查，全部病例摄有正侧位平片，其中18例做了CT平扫检查。结果：23例气管支气管异物中不透X线的金属异物6例，可透X线非金属异物17例，气管异物3例，右侧主支气管异物2例，右中间支气管异物12例，右下叶支气管异物3例，右中叶支气管异物1例，左主支气管及左下叶支气管异物各1例。23例中21例经纤维支气管镜取出，2例手术治疗。结论：对不透X线的异物X线平片为最佳检查方法，对可透X线的异物行CT检查，不仅能明确异物的位置，对肺内阻塞性病变也能显示清晰，对活瓣性阻塞异物透视下观察纵隔有无摆动很有必要。     

年轻士兵腰椎间盘突出症影像学诊断对比分析

目的总结年轻士兵腰椎间盘突出症（LDH）的X线平片、CT及MRI特点,进一步探讨影像学对诊断LDH的价值。方法收集我院32例经临床及影像学确诊的年轻士兵LDH的临床资料,分析其腰椎X线平片、CT及MRI影像特点。结果 32例中,X线平片表现为椎间盘病变8例,CT表现为椎间盘突出29例,MRI均表现为椎间盘突出。结论年轻士兵LDH较轻,X线平片阳性表现少,结合症状、体征可起筛查作用,而CT、MRI检查具有确诊价值,可为临床确诊提供重要的参考依据。     

支气管内膜结核的临床影像学诊断(附30例报告)

目的探讨支气管内膜结核的影像学特点。方法回顾性分析30例支气管内膜结核的X线平片、CT、支气管镜所见。结果X线平片显示本病常伴肺结核病灶;CT主要显示支气管狭窄;支气管镜显示支气管内膜炎症、水肿、肉芽肿形成。结论X线平片、CT及支气管镜对支气管内膜结核诊断具有重要临床意义。     

肺隔离症的影像诊断和介入治疗

目的探讨肺隔离症的影像学表现及介入治疗的应用价值. 资料与方法对5例肺隔离症患者的X线平片、CT、MRI表现进行分析,并对隔离的肺组织的供血动脉进行栓塞. 结果 X线平片主要表现为囊状或团状高密度影及支气管扩张样改变,CT、MRI可发现部分异常供血动脉,血管造影均能发现供血动脉,经异常供血动脉采用不锈钢圈栓塞后临床症状逐渐减轻、消失,随访6个月～1年,症状未再复发. 结论在影像诊断方面,X线平片难以确诊,CT、MRI可部分确诊,而DSA检查是肺隔离症诊断的金标准.经异常供血动脉栓塞治疗肺隔离症安全,患者痛苦小,并发症少,是一种有效的治疗方法.     

早期股骨头缺血坏死的影像学比较

目的：分析股骨头缺血坏死（ANFH）的X线、CT和MRI的早期表现，从影像学的角度探讨它们的诊断价值。方法：对42例53侧股骨头进行X线平片、CT和MRI检查，着重对其缺血坏死的早期影像学表现进行分析比较。结果：在42例股骨头的Ⅰ-Ⅱ期影像表现中，X线检出18例（43％）。CT检出32例（70％）。MRI检出40例（95％）。结论：X线平片难以诊断ANFH的早期表现。CT和MRI可以准确地显示ANFH的早期病变，尤其MRI是最有效而可靠的方法，诊断价值高于CT和X线平片。     

骨肉瘤的X线平片、CT、MRI诊断

目的:评估X线平片、CT、MRI诊断骨肉瘤的价值.材料和方法:回顾性分析20例经手术病理证实为骨肉瘤的X线平片、CT、MRI表现.结果:20例X线平片均能清楚显示骨肉瘤的基本表现,术前正确诊断17例,误诊3例;CT显示骨肉瘤的骨质破坏及瘤骨优于X线平片11例;MRI显示骨肉瘤的早期骨破坏及周围软组织、病变范围及骨骺(骺板)侵袭、瘤周水肿优于X线平片及CT14例.结论:X线平片是诊断骨肉瘤的首选及基本方法,CT或MRI对提高骨肉瘤的诊断、分期及临床治疗提供全面、准确的影像学资料,尤其MRI对于指导保留骨骺的保肢术的选择具有重要意义.     

新生儿肺透明膜病的多层螺旋CT与X线平片对照

目的 分析对比多层螺旋CT与X线平片在新生儿肺透明膜病中的诊断价值.方法 回顾性分析经临床确诊的26例新生儿肺透明膜病,对照其多层螺旋CT与X线平片表现.结果 CT阳性26例(100%),其中I级17例、II级0例、III级9例、IV级0例,X线平片阳性22例(85%),其中I级12例、II级2例、III级6例、IV级2例.CT显示肺部小颗粒状影、毛玻璃征、支气管充气征、气胸、肺出血和肺炎分别为26、26、15、5、4、 7例,X线平片分别为13、15、10、1、1、6 例.经过χ2检验,CT和X线平片在显示小颗粒状影、毛玻璃征、支气管充气征、肺出血、气胸方面,两者差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),CT较X线平片有优势,CT和X线平片在阳性率和显示肺炎方面,两者差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).结论 多层螺旋CT较X线平片对早期诊断新生儿肺透明膜病和显示病灶细节方面更具有价值.     

中央型小细胞肺癌与肺鳞癌CT征象分析

目的分析中央型小细胞肺癌(small cell lung cancer,SCLC)及肺鳞癌(squamous carcinoma,SC)的CT表现,探讨各自影像学特点及鉴别诊断价值。方法选取2019年1月~2019年12月在我院经病理证实的SCLC及SC患者的临床及影像学资料,分为SCLC组30例,SC组31例,对两组肺癌患者的CT征象进行统计学分析。结果纵隔及肺门淋巴结肿大、淋巴结融合、支气管狭窄无阻塞、血管受侵、“沼泽样”强化在SCLC中出现概率高于SC组(P值均<0.05);支气管闭塞、阻塞征象及“湖泊样”强化在SC中出现概率高于SCLC组(P值均<0.05);其他征象均差异无统计学意义(P值均>0.05)。结论中央型SCLC与肺SC的CT征象差异在两者的诊断及鉴别诊断中具有一定价值。     

Diaphragmatic rupture due to blunt trauma: sensitivity of plain chest radiographs

Preoperative diagnosis of diaphragmatic rupture caused by blunt injury is often difficult because of serious concurrent injuries, a lack of specific clinical signs, and simultaneous lung disease that may mask or mimic the diagnosis radiologically. Previous reports have suggested that a preoperative diagnosis is established on the basis of chest radiographs in only one third of patients. In order to assess the value of chest radiographs and other imaging techniques in diagnosing traumatic rupture of the diaphragm, we retrospectively reviewed all preoperative diagnostic imaging performed in 50 patients with surgically proved hemidiaphragmatic rupture due to blunt trauma. Chest radiographs were diagnostic in 20 (46%) of 44 patients with left-sided rupture and were considered suspicious enough to warrant further diagnostic studies in an additional eight patients (18%). Five patients with initially normal findings on chest radiographs had diagnostic findings on delayed chest radiographs. Chest radiographs were strongly suggestive in only one (17%) of six patients with right-sided hemidiaphragmatic rupture. CT was diagnostic for diaphragmatic rupture in only one (14%) of seven instances in which it was performed. MR was diagnostic in both patients in whom it was performed. Our experience indicates that chest radiographs obtained at admission and repeated soon after are more valuable in suggesting the diagnosis of traumatic rupture of the diaphragm than previously reported, particularly in the more frequent, left-sided injuries. This increased sensitivity may be due to a greater level of suspicion maintained in a trauma referral center in which this injury is not uncommon.     

气管支气管破裂的CT诊断

目的:探讨CT对气管支气管破裂的诊断价值水平。方法:回顾性分析22例气管支气管破裂患者的临床、胸片及CT影像资料,其中外伤性12例,自发性10例。结果:X线片诊断颈肩部皮下及纵隔气肿3例,可疑纵隔气肿8例,气胸4例,胸腔积液2例,肋骨骨折2例,均未能提示气管支气管破裂。CT诊断颈肩部皮下及纵隔气肿18例,气胸6例,胸腔积血4例,肋骨骨折2例,肺挫伤4例,肺气囊1例;CT发现气管或支气管破裂22例(23处);支气管破裂口宽1～3mm,气管破裂口宽1～12mm,涉及管腔周径均<50%,其中2例气管裂口纵径分别为28和40mm。破裂部位位于气管5例,其中外伤性2例,自发性3例;位于右主支气管8例(9处),位于右上叶后段支气管4例,位于左主支气管5例。10例外伤性支气管破裂均发生在右侧,自发性支气管破裂5例发生在左侧,2例发生在右侧;主支气管破裂均在隆突附近1.0～2.5cm范围内。结论:胸部CT对气管支气管破裂的定位明显优于胸片,对明确诊断有重要价值。     

Imaging of diaphragmatic rupture after trauma

Traumatic rupture of the diaphragm usually results from blunt or penetrating injuries, or iatrogenic causes. Most cases are initially overlooked in the acute phase because they present with variable clinical and radiological signs. An overlooked diaphragmatic injury presents as a hernia many years later with potentially serious complications, therefore selection of the most appropriate radiological technique and accurate diagnosis of traumatic diaphragmatic hernias (DH) on the first admission is important. Although the diagnosis of diaphragmatic injuries is problematic, various investigations may be used for diagnosis. We describe the imaging findings of 19 traumatic DH cases with various imaging techniques. The patients were acute trauma cases or cases with prior trauma or thoraco-abdominal surgery with clinical suspicion of DH. An evaluation of the imaging techniques used in the diagnosis of DH is presented.     

48例创伤性膈肌破裂的诊治体会

目的　探讨创伤性膈肌破裂的诊断与治疗。方法　对我院 1976年 6月～ 2 0 0 3年 2月收治的创伤性膈肌破裂病人进行了回顾性分析。结果　本组病人的临床表现复杂 ,大多数缺乏特征性征象。 4 8例中术前明确诊断的仅 2 0例 ,确诊率 4 1.7%。全组死亡 2例 ,死亡率 4 .2 %。结论　创伤性膈肌破裂多数为左侧 ,主要损伤机制是刃器伤和钝性伤。根据症状、体征 ,结合胸部X线、上消化道造影、CT、人工气腹等检查 ,能提高诊断率 ;膈肌破裂一经确诊 ,应手术治疗 ;根据胸、腹脏器损伤的情况 ,选用手术切口     

Helical CT of blunt diaphragmatic rupture

OBJECTIVE: This study evaluated CT findings for signs of blunt diaphragmatic rupture. MATERIALS AND METHODS: CT examinations of 179 blunt trauma patients, including 11 with left-sided and five with right-sided blunt diaphragmatic rupture, were reviewed by two staff radiologists who first decided by consensus on the presence or absence of 11 published signs of blunt diaphragmatic rupture and then formulated the diagnosis in terms of absence of, presence of, or suggestion of blunt diaphragmatic rupture. The significance of the findings was assessed by multivariate logistic regression. Four other reviewers interpreted the CT findings independently. They were asked first to formulate a diagnosis in terms of absence of, presence of, or suggestion of blunt diaphragmatic rupture and then to enumerate the findings supporting a diagnosis or suggestion of blunt diaphragmatic rupture. These findings were compared with those of the staff radiologists. RESULTS: Diaphragmatic discontinuity, diaphragmatic thickening, segmental nonrecognition of the diaphragm, intrathoracic herniation of abdominal viscera, elevation of the diaphragm, and both hemothorax and hemoperitoneum were strong predictors of blunt diaphragmatic rupture (p < 0.001). The combination of the first three findings was 100% sensitive (16/16). The staff radiologists' sensitivity for diagnosing blunt diaphragmatic rupture was 100% (16/16). The four reviewers' sensitivities were 56.2% (9/16), 81.2% (13/16), 62.5% (10/16), and 87.5% (14/16). CONCLUSION: Six of 11 signs were good predictors of blunt diaphragmatic rupture. Despite diaphragmatic thickening, focal defect and segmental nonrecognition had 100% cumulative sensitivity; the reviewers formulating the diagnosis before analyzing CT signs overlooked blunt diaphragmatic rupture on CT in 12.5-43.8% of the patients.     

CT增强扫描对外伤性脾破裂的诊断价值

目的　探讨CT增强扫描在外伤性脾破裂诊断中的应用价值。方法　对 34例经手术证实为外伤性脾破裂患者的CT平扫及增强扫描表现进行回顾性分析。结果　34例患者中,手术前CT平扫能肯定脾破裂诊断的 23例、可疑脾破裂诊断的 6例、未见异常的 5例(敏感性 85. 3%、特异性 67. 6% );对以上所有患者行CT增强扫描后,全部患者均能确诊为脾破裂(敏感性 100%、特异性 100% )。结论　增强扫描在外伤性脾破裂的CT诊断中非常重要,它能够明显提高诊断准确率,为临床治疗提供可靠依据。     

外伤性支气管断裂误诊分析

支气管断裂是胸外伤严重并发症。并非罕见，但易误诊。本文中８例，仅４例获得早期诊断。４例延误时间分别为４７、９５、９８和１４５天。其误诊原因：（１）放射科医生不熟习支气管断裂的Ｘ线典型征象。（２）不了解支气管断裂的断端距离，较近或不完全断裂时，不张肺尚可暂时复张的不典型表现。（３）忽略了陈旧性支气管断裂肺不张与胸膜腔积液压迫肺不张的区别，前者纵隔向患侧移位，后者向健侧移位。还须注意支气管断裂后迟发肺     

早期和活动性肺结核的影像学表现

目的 研究早期和活动性肺结核的影像学表现，提高对本病的诊断水平：方法 回顾性分析经临床证实的170例肺结核病例的X线胸片和CT影像学检查资料。结果 在170例肺结核病例的X线胸片和CT像上，小叶中心病变见于158例，占92．3％，树芽状改变129例，占75．8％，支气管管壁增厚119例，占70％，均为检出率较高的征象。结论小叶中心病变是早期和活动性肺结核最常见并有特征性的影像征象。     

原发性叶支气管腔内型癌的CT诊断

目的　总结叶支气管腔内癌的CT征象及其临床特点 ,提高对本病的认识和诊断水平。方法　总结了 7例经纤支镜、手术病理证实的叶支气管癌的临床与CT表现。结果　右上肺叶支气管内 3例 ,右中肺叶支气管内 1例 ,左上肺叶支气管内 3例。阻塞性肺炎 7例 ,肺不张 5例。CT均显示叶支气管腔内结节状或栓子状影像 ,以及不同程度的阻塞征象。结论　叶支气管腔内型癌较易延误诊断 ,只要提高对本病的认识 ,应用恰当的扫描方式 ,紧密结合临床 ,多能做出诊断。