阿奇霉素序贯治疗小儿支原体肺炎60例

目的:评价阿奇霉素序贯治疗小儿支原体肺炎的临床疗效及安全性。方法:小儿支原体肺炎90例随机分为治疗组60例,对照组30例,治疗组给予阿奇霉素10mg/(kg·d)静脉滴注,1次/d,连用5d,停2d后改阿奇霉素口服10mg/(kg·d),1次/d,连用3d,共10d为一疗程。对照组给予红霉素20~30mg/(kg·d),静脉滴注,1次/d,连用10d为一疗程。结果:治疗组和对照组显效率分别为85.0%、63.3%,总有效率均为100%,两组显效率差异显著(P<0.05)。治疗组和对照组不良反应发生率分别为13.3%和60.0%,差异显著(P<0.01)。结论:阿奇霉素序贯治疗小儿支原体肺炎疗效好,起效快,不良反应发生率低。     

阿奇霉素治疗小儿支原体肺炎42例疗效观察

目的:探讨阿奇霉素治疗小儿支原体肺炎的疗效及不良反应.方法:将84例小儿支原体肺炎患儿随机分为治疗组和对照组各42例,治疗组应用阿奇霉素10 mg/(kg·d)静脉滴注,1次/d,5～7d后改用口服阿奇霉素序贯治疗,总疗程为3～4周;对照组应用红霉素20～30 mg/( kg·d)静脉滴注,2次/d,7～14 d后改用罗红霉素口服序贯治疗7～14d.治疗期间停用其他抗生素,比较两组临床疗效和临床症状、体征消失时间及不良反应.结果:治疗组和对照组总有效率分别为97.62％和95.24％,两组比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);治疗组主要临床症状、体征消失时间及平均住院时间均较对照组缩短,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);治疗组的胃肠道反应、局部静脉疼痛等不良反应明显发生率低于对照组(P＜0.05).结论:阿奇霉素治疗小儿支原体肺炎具有起效快、疗效好、不良反应少等优点,是治疗小儿支原体肺炎的理想药物.     

阿奇霉素治疗小儿肺炎支原体感染40例的临床观察

目的探讨阿奇霉素治疗小儿支原体肺炎的治疗效果。方法将我院自2007年1月至2009年11月共治疗小儿支原体肺炎随机分成两组,治疗组40例,给予阿奇霉素粉针剂10 mg/（kg.d）静脉滴注,1次/d。疗程3-5 d。对照组40例,给予红霉素粉针剂20-25 mg/（kg.d）静脉滴注,1次/d。疗程7-14 d。结果治疗组有效率42.5%,对照组30%。两组有明显的差异性,治疗组无明显不良反应。结论阿奇霉素是治疗小儿支原体肺炎的最有效、安全的抗生素,不良反应轻。     

阿奇霉素治疗小儿支原体肺炎的疗效观察

目的:评价阿奇霉素治疗小儿支原体肺炎的疗效及不良反应。方法:98例小儿支原体肺炎患儿随机分为治疗组50例和对照组48例,治疗组采用阿奇霉素10 mg/(kg·d)口服,对照组口服红霉素20-30 mg/(kg·d),两组均加用鱼腥草静脉滴注及雾化吸入等综合治疗,疗程均为10 d。结果:治疗组的疗效优于对照组。结论:阿奇霉素治疗小儿支原体肺炎有较好疗效。     

小剂量红霉素治疗婴幼儿支原体肺炎的探索

目的:比较小剂量红霉素与阿奇霉素序贯治疗婴幼儿支原体肺炎的疗效。方法:按区组随机抽样方法将186例婴幼儿支原体肺炎患儿分为治疗组和对照组各93例。两组在综合治疗的基础上,治疗组给予红霉素10 mg/(kg.d)静脉滴注,每天1次,连用10 d,10 d后改为依托红霉素10 mg/(kg.d)口服,每天2～3次,疗程3周;对照组给予阿奇霉素10 mg/(kg.d)静脉滴注,每天1次,7 d后停4 d,接着口服阿奇霉素干混悬剂10 mg/(kg.d),每天1次,口服3 d停4 d,疗程3周。结果:治疗组总有效率92.47%,对照组总有效率89.25%,两组比较差异无统计学意义(χ2=0.583,P>0.05)。治疗组不良反应发生率17.20%,对照组不良反应发生率18.28%,两组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:小剂量红霉素治疗婴幼儿支原体肺炎的疗效与阿奇霉素相当,不良反应轻微,依从性较好,值得临床借鉴及进一步观察研究。     

红霉素联合阿奇霉素与单用阿奇霉素治疗小儿支原体肺炎疗效评价

目的:评价阿奇霉素与红霉素联合治疗小儿支原体肺炎的临床疗效。方法:将138例小儿支原体肺炎患者,随机分为治疗组和对照组,每组69例。治疗组:采用乳糖酸红霉素30mg/(kg.d)加入500mL等渗葡萄糖注射液中,静滴7d,同时口服阿奇霉素10mg/(kg.d),服3d停4d为1疗程;对照组:单用阿奇霉素10mg/(kg.d),1次/d,静滴5d停2d为1疗程,无效则改为乳糖酸红霉素静滴,治疗时间均为2～3疗程,比较两组的临床疗效。结果:对照组总有效率为79.71%,治疗组总有效率为95.65%,两组疗效比较,治疗组明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);临床症状和体征消退时间比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);其不良反应少且症状轻微,无肺外并发症发生。结论:阿奇霉素联合红霉素治疗小儿支原体肺炎的临床疗效优于单用阿奇霉素。     

吉他霉素治疗小儿支原体肺炎临床疗效观察

目的:探讨吉他霉素治疗小儿支原体肺炎的疗效及安全性.方法:将160例小儿支原体肺炎患儿随机分为治疗组和对照组各80例,治疗组静脉滴注酒石酸吉他霉素10 mg/(kg·d),7～14 d后改口服吉他霉素,对照组静脉滴注乳糖酸红霉素30 mg/(kg·d),1次/d,7~14 d后改口服红霉素,疗程均为3~4周,比较两组临...     

阿奇霉素与红霉素治疗儿童肺炎支原体肺炎的对照研究

目的 探讨阿奇霉素治疗儿童肺炎支原体肺炎的疗效和不良反应.方法 102例确诊为支原体肺炎息儿随机分成治疗组59例和对照组43例.治疗组给予阿奇霉素10 mg/kg.d静脉滴注,1次/d,连续给药3～5 d,停4 d,再次给药3 d;对照组给予红霉素30 mg/(kg.d),分两次静脉滴注,疗程10～14 d.结果 阿奇霉素组痊愈率明显高于红霉素组(χ2=10.489,P＜0.01),且在平均咳嗽好转时间,啰音消失时间和平均住院时间均短于红霉素组,仅在平均退热时间疗效稍差.同时阿奇霉素出现胃肠道反应,局部疼痛等不良反应明显低于红霉素组.结论 阿奇霉素可作为儿童肺炎支原体肺炎的常规用药,且有疗效好,疗程短,不良反应少,患儿依从性好,值得临床推广.     

阿奇霉素治疗小儿支原体肺炎的疗效观察

目的探讨阿奇霉素治疗支原体肺炎的临床疗效。方法选择临床诊断为支原体肺炎的患儿160例,随机分为阿奇霉素(治疗)组和红霉素(对照组)组各80例,治疗组按10mg/(kg d)给予注射用阿奇霉素静脉滴注,对照组给予红霉素15～30mg/(kg d)静脉滴注。结果治疗组和对照组总有效率分别为97.5%和93.7%,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),阿奇霉素出现的胃肠道反应、局部疼痛等不良反应明显低于红霉素(P<0.05)。结论小儿支原体肺炎的治疗,阿奇霉素明显优于红霉素且不良反应低,值得临床推广。     

阿奇霉素与红霉素治疗儿童肺炎支原体肺炎的比较

目的比较研究阿奇霉素和红霉素治疗儿童肺炎支原体肺炎的临床疗效及安全性。方法选择2009年6月至2011年6月收治的儿童肺炎支原体肺炎患者150例,随机分为两组,每组各75例。对照组给予红霉素30 mg/(kg.d)静脉滴注,每天2次,连续使用7 d后改口服红霉素30 mg/(kg.d),每天3次,连续使用7 d。治疗组给予阿奇霉素10 mg/(kg.d)静脉滴注,每天1次,连续使用5 d后改口服阿奇霉素10 mg/(kg.d),每天1次,连续使用3 d。观察两组患者临床疗效及不良反应发生情况。结果治疗组体温下降时间、咳嗽消失时间、肺部罗音消失时间、住院天数显著少于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。对照组总有效率为73.33%,治疗组总有效率为92.00%,两组比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组不良反应比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论阿奇霉素治疗儿童肺炎支原体肺炎疗效显著优于红霉素,疗程短,显效快,不良反应少,患者依从性好,值得临床推广。     

Synthesis,Cytotoxicity and Antileishmanial Activity of Some N-(2-(indol-3-yl)ethyl)-7-chloroquinolin-4-amines

We report herein the condensation of 4,7-dichloroquinoline (1) with tryptamine (2) and D-tryptophan methyl ester (3) . Hydrolysis of the methyl ester adduct (5) yielded the free acid (6) . The compounds were evaluated in vitro for activity against four different species of Leishmania promastigote forms and for cytotoxic activity against Kb and Vero cells. Compound (5) showed good activity against the Leishmania species tested, while all three compounds displayed moderate activity in both Kb and Vero cells.     

Efficacy of gut lavage,hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the therapy of paraquat or diquat intoxication

Clinical and in vitro investigations were carried out to test the efficacy of gut lavage, hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the treatment of poisoning with paraquat or diquat. In a patient suffering from diquat intoxication 130 times more diquat was removed by gut lavage 30 h after ingestion than was removed by complete aspiration of the gastric contents.Determination of in vitro clearances for paraquat and diquat by hemodialysis showed that, at serum concentrations of 1–2 ppm, such as are frequently encountered in poisoning in man, toxicologically relevant quantities of herbicide cannot be removed from the body. At a concentration of 20 ppm, on the other hand, hemodialysis proved to be effective, the clearance being 70 ml/min at a blood flow rate of 100 ml/min. The efficacy of hemoperfusion with coated activated charcoal was on the whole better. Especially at concentrations around 1–2 ppm, the clearance values for hemoperfusion were some 5–7 times higher than those for hemodialysis.In a patient suffering from paraquat poisoning, both hemodialysis as well as hemoperfusion were carried out. The in vitro results could be confirmed: At serum concentrations of paraquat less than 1 ppm no clearance could be obtained by hemodialysis while by hemoperfusion with activated charcoal quite high clearance values were measured and the serum level dropped down to zero.

---

Zusammenfassung Klinische Untersuchungen und Laboratoriumsversuche wurden durchgeführt, um die Wirksamkeit von Darmspülung, Hämodialyse und Hämoperfusion bei Paraquat- und Deiquat-Vergiftungen zu prüfen.Bei einem Patienten wurde 30 Std nach Deiquat-Aufnahme durch Darmspülung 130mal mehr Deiquat entfernt als durch vollständige Aspiration des Mageninhaltes. In vitro-Versuche ergaben, daß bei Blutserumkonzentrationen von 1–2 ppm, die bei Vergiftungen oft gemessen werden, durch Hämodialyse keine toxikologisch relevanten Paraquat- oder Deiquat-Mengen entfernt werden können. Dagegen erwies sich die Hämodialyse bei 20 ppm und einer Blutumlaufgeschwindigkeit von 100 ml/min mit einer Clearance von 70 ml/min als wirksam. Die Hämoperfusion mit beschicheter Aktivkohle war in diesen Versuchen aber eindeutig überlegen, denn insbesondere bei Konzentrationen um 1–2 ppm waren die Clearance-Werte 5–7mal höher als bei der Hämodialyse.Die in vitro-Ergebnisse wurden bei einem Patienten mit einer Paraquat-Vergiftung bestätigt: Bei Konzentrationen unter 1 ppm war die Hämodialyse wirkungslos, während durch Hämoperfusion relativ hohe Clearance-Werte erreicht wurden, so daß der Serumspiegel rasch unter die Nachweisgrenze abfiel.

     

In vitro studies on sterically stabilized liposomes (SL) as enzyme carriers in organophosphorus (OP) antagonism

This study describes a new approach for organophosphorous (OP) antidotal treatment by encapsulating an OP hydrolyzing enzyme, OPA anhydrolase (OPAA), within sterically stabilized liposomes. The recombinant OPAA enzyme was derived from Alteromonas strain JD6. It has broad substrate specificity to a wide range of OP compounds: DFP and the nerve agents, soman and sarin. Liposomes encapsulating OPAA (SL)* were made by mechanical dispersion method. Hydrolysis of DFP by (SL)* was measured by following an increase of fluoride ion concentration using a fluoride ion selective electrode. OPAA entrapped in the carrier liposomes rapidly hydrolyze DFP, with the rate of DFP hydrolysis directly proportional to the amount of (SL)* added to the solution. Liposomal carriers containing no enzyme did not hydrolyze DFP. The reaction was linear and the rate of hydrolysis was first order in the substrate. This enzyme carrier system serves as a biodegradable protective environment for the recombinant OP-metabolizing enzyme, OPAA, resulting in prolongation of enzymatic concentration in the body. These studies suggest that the protection of OP intoxication can be strikingly enhanced by adding OPAA encapsulated within (SL)* to pralidoxime and atropine.     

Lung disease and PKCs

The lung offers a rich opportunity for development of therapeutic strategies focused on isozymes of protein kinase C (PKCs). PKCs are important in many cellular responses in the lung, and existing therapies for pulmonary disorders are inadequate. The lung poses unique challenges as it interfaces with air and blood, contains a pulmonary and systemic circulation, and consists of many cell types. Key structures are bronchial and pulmonary vessels, branching airways, and distal air sacs defined by alveolar walls containing capillaries and interstitial space. The cellular composition of each vessel, airway, and alveolar wall is heterogeneous. Injurious environmental stimuli signal through PKCs and cause a variety of disorders. Edema formation and pulmonary hypertension (PHTN) result from derangements in endothelial, smooth muscle (SM), and/or adventitial fibroblast cell phenotype. Asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and lung cancer are characterized by distinctive pathological changes in airway epithelial, SM, and mucous-generating cells. Acute and chronic pneumonitis and fibrosis occur in the alveolar space and interstitium with type 2 pneumocytes and interstitial fibroblasts/myofibroblasts playing a prominent role. At each site, inflammatory, immune, and vascular progenitor cells contribute to the injury and repair process. Many strategies have been used to investigate PKCs in lung injury. Isolated organ preparations and whole animal studies are powerful approaches especially when genetically engineered mice are used. More analysis of PKC isozymes in normal and diseased human lung tissue and cells is needed to complement this work. Since opposing or counter-regulatory effects of selected PKCs in the same cell or tissue have been found, it may be desirable to target more than one PKC isozyme and potentially in different directions. Because multiple signaling pathways contribute to the key cellular responses important in lung biology, therapeutic strategies targeting PKCs may be more effective if combined with inhibitors of other pathways for additive or synergistic effect. Mechanisms that regulate PKC activity, including phosphorylation and interaction with isozyme-specific binding proteins, are also potential therapeutic targets. Key isotypes of PKC involved in lung pathophysiology are summarized and current and evolving therapeutic approaches to target them are identified.     

Steroidal sapogenin contents in some domestic plants

In order to find out the values of the steroid resources for the future use. the compositions and contents of steroidal sapogenins from 13 domestic plants have been investigated. As a result,Dioscorea nipponica, D. quinqueloba andSmilax china were found to have large amount of diosgenin. And pennogenin inTrillium kamtschaticum andParis verticillata, yuccagenin inAllium fistulosum, hecogenin inAgave americana and neochlorogenin inSolanum nigum were appeared to be major steroidal sapogenins.