难治性精神分裂症CT表现及多靶点联合毁损术后CT征象分析

目的:探讨难治性精神分裂症(TRS)的CT表现和多靶点联合毁损术后CT影像特点.方法:对464例TRS患者术前CT和56例TRS患者术后CT表现进行回顾性分析,并测量毁损灶体积.56例TRS患者术后疗效评定为Ⅰ～Ⅱ级37例,Ⅲ～Ⅳ级19例;Ⅰ～Ⅱ级患者术后2～10 d行CT扫描25例、40～90 d 16例,19例Ⅲ～Ⅳ级患者术后6～7个月行CT扫描.结果:TRS患者的主要CT表现为脑萎缩,发生率为36.2%(168/464),其中皮质型脑萎缩占25%(116/464).术后2～10d,毁损灶呈类圆形和柱形者为93.3%(140/150),片状不规则形为6.7%(10/150);术后40～90 d,病灶呈类圆形和柱形为66.2%(65/96),片状不规则形为33.8%(31/96).结论:术前CT扫描可作为筛选TRS手术患者的一种手段,脑萎缩患者选择手术治疗应慎重;术后不同时期CT扫描可客观评价手术疗效,为手术方案改进、并发症的预防和处理提供参考.     

肾脏常规皮质髓质CT平扫及增强扫描与肾功能的相关性研究

目的 探讨肾脏常规皮质、髓质CT平扫与增强扫描与肾小球滤过率(GFR)的关系.方法 回顾性分析35例单侧肾后性梗阻性肾积水患者16层螺旋CT平扫与增强皮质期影像.以SPECT的GFR为参考标准,将35例患者按照肾功能结果分为4组:正常组,轻、中、重度肾功能损害组.测量计算患肾肾皮、髓质增强程度及各项比值.采用单因素方差分析比较上述指标的差异,采用Pearson法与GFR进行相关性分析.结果 肾功能正常组及轻、中、重度受损组患肾肾皮质增强程度(CT皮增-CT皮平)分别为(154.98±28.70)、(122.67±39.32)、(81.30±32.94)和(57.60±23.49)HU、增强后患侧与健侧皮质的CT值比值(CT患皮/CT健皮)分别为0.97±0.09、0.79±0.18、0.64±0.24和0.51±0.13、患侧及健侧髓质的CT值比值(CT患髓/CT健髓)分别为0.98±0.26、0.89±0.18、0.86±0.31和0.75±0.28、患侧皮髓质CT值比值(CT患皮/CT患髓)分别为2.76±0.35、2.35±0.79、1.83±0.68和1.73±0.28、患侧皮髓质CT值比值与健侧皮髓质CT值比值之比[(CT患皮/CT患髓)/(CT健皮/CT健髓)]分别为1.00±0.28、0.89±0.34、0.75±0.17和0.69±0.14,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).肾皮质CT值增强程度与GFR呈高度正相关(r=0.887,P<0.01),肾髓质CT值增强程度与GFR无相关性(r=0.203,P>0.05),患侧与健侧皮质增强CT比值与GFR呈高度正相关(r=0.872,P<0.01),患侧及健侧髓质增强CT比值与GFR呈中度正相关(r=0.504,P<0.01),患侧皮髓质增强CT值比值与GFR呈高度正相关(r=0.772,P<0.01),患侧皮髓质增强CT比值与健侧皮髓质增强CT比值之比与GFR呈中度正相关(r=0.663,P<0.01).以皮质期CT患皮/CT患髓高(≥2.60)、较高(2.20～2.59)、中(1.80～2.19)、低(<1.80)为判断肾功能正常、轻度损害、中度损害与重度损害的标准,对35例患肾功能SPECT结果对照,两种分组的符合率为80.0%.结论 GFR分级定量分析,不同GFR分组各肾皮质相关CT增强指标差异有统计学意义,且与GFR呈正相关,其中患侧皮髓质增强CT值比值适用于对单、双侧梗阻患者单肾功能进行评价,可对肾后性梗阻积水肾功能损害作出半定量诊断,相对于CT灌注简单方便,X线辐射剂量低.     

间接法64排CT下肢深静脉成像质量评价与临床应用

目的:评价间接法64排CT下肢深静脉成像(computed tomography lower extremity venography,CTLV)质量,探讨其对下肢深静脉病变的诊断价值。方法:回顾性分析26例患者52侧下肢的影像资料,52侧肢体分2组。A组(无水肿组)35侧(A1组20侧,A2组15侧);B组(水肿组)17侧。肘正中静脉注射对比剂碘普罗胺,对比剂注射开始后100~120s扫描静脉期。观察对比剂充盈程度,对成像质量进行视觉评价,并观察下肢深静脉其他病变及血管外病变显示情况。结果:各测量点静脉CT值静脉期较动脉期明显增高(t值分别为23.318,17.899及25.446,P0.001),A组105个点平均CT值为(125.264 7±22.354 4)HU,A1组与A2组间平均CT值差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。B组充盈缺损区平均CT值为(42.472 0±5.075 1)HU,近心端无充盈缺损区平均CT值为(114.160 0±20.086 0)HU,二者均值差为(71.687 9±24.021 5)HU,差异有统计学意义(t=11.166,P0.001)。A组显示良好率为82.86%;B组14侧肢体发现充盈缺损。结论:间接法CTLV可清楚显示下肢深静脉解剖及病变。延时100~120s扫描可提高下肢深静脉内对比剂充盈程度,提高成像质量。     

局灶型巨大淋巴结增生症的双源CT表现

目的 :回顾性分析10例经临床病理证实的局灶型巨大淋巴结增生症(CD)的双源CT表现。方法 :10例均行双源CT平扫及增强扫描,运用冠状位、矢状位及MPR等分析其影像学表现。结果:10例CT平扫均表现为类圆形、椭圆形孤立、均质软组织肿块,边界清晰,部分病灶可有分叶,伴钙化3例,伴裂隙样低密度2例。单个淋巴结肿大8例,平均直径(4.57±2.82)cm;累及1组淋巴结2例;平扫CT值平均(46.78±7.29)HU。增强扫描病灶动脉期明显强化,平均CT值(120.09±16.49)HU,静脉期及延迟期显著持续强化,平均CT值静脉期(110.58±12.11)HU、延迟期(101.86±8.21)HU;周边伴增粗血管影2例。结论:CD表现有一定特征性,双源CT平扫及增强扫描并结合多种后处理技术有助于临床诊断及鉴别诊断。     

肺癌16层螺旋CT支气管动脉血管成像方法探讨

目的 探讨肺癌16层螺旋CT支气管动脉血管成像方法.资料与方法 将96例肺癌患者随机分为5组,第1组(18例),第2组(18例),第3组(19例),第4组(20例)及第5组(21例),每组采用不同的技术参数行16层螺旋CT支气管动脉血管成像及血管三维重组.支气管动脉三维重组方法包括容积再现(VR)、最大密度投影(MIP).结果 肺癌1、2、3、4、5组主动脉强化后增加CT值分别为(183.43±19.65)HU、(218.64±18.20)HU、(269.69±42.21)HU、(326.11±77.19)HU、(328.61±62.38)HU;支气管动脉强化后增加CT值分别为(116.24±38.68)HU、(156.41±42.71)HU、(157.75±57.17)HU、(181.45±56.25)HU、(195.54±53.94)HU;肺动脉强化后增加CT值分别为(146.63±46.79)HU、(176.48±64.44)HU、(179.62±69.84)HU、(240.44±81.18)Hu、(115.10±36.13)HU;上腔静脉强化后增加CT值分别为(291.39±159.71)HU、(385.90±240.73)HU、(414.47±275.78)HU、(435.19±311.09)HU、(166.24±67.66)HU;支气管动脉三维图像质量优良率分别为61.11%、72.22%、78.95%、80%及90.48%.结论 第5组采用较小剂量(60 ml)和高浓度非离子型对比剂(370 mg I/ml),适中注射流率(4 ml/s),自动跟踪(Bolus tracking)扫描技术,是16层螺旋CT支气管动脉血管成像较理想的扫描参数.     

单侧苍白球、丘脑腹外侧中间核联合同期毁损治疗帕金森病

目的 :探讨单侧苍白球内侧部 (Gpi)、丘脑腹外侧中间核 (Vim)联合同期毁损治疗帕金森病 (PD)的疗效 ,以及安全性与可行性。方法 :① 5 0例患者分为以震颤为主伴肢体僵硬者为AB型 ,肌僵硬为主伴震颤者为BA型。术前后开、关状态采用UP DRS评分和HoehnYehr分级。②手术在局麻下进行 ,采用CRW定向仪 ,应用PhilipsGyroscanNT 1,0teslaMR扫描仪解剖靶点定位。术中靶点微电极纪录及行电刺激验证靶点。制作毁损灶达 4～ 6mm圆柱体。结果 :术后 1～ 2周开、关状态UPDRS分别改善为 13.2± 5 .1和 15 .2± 2 .5。随访 6～ 14个月 ,UPDRS分别改善为 14.2± 3.1和 16 .2± 2 .5。HoehnYehr分级为 1.4± 0 .5 ,震颤完全消失 ,肌僵硬及运动迟缓改善 ,肢体活动灵活 ,步态和身体姿势进步显著。无语言障碍及视野缺损。结论 :本方法未增加手术危险性 ,两个靶点作用互补 ,“开”“关”状态改善显著。对Gpi、丘脑Vim核的毁损的先后次序、毁损范围、毁损的程度应该依据患者的症状而定。     

脂肪对比剂灌肠多层螺旋CT对大肠癌分期的临床分析

目的 探讨脂肪对比剂灌肠多层螺旋CT(MSCT)对大肠癌分期的诊断价值.方法 对33例内镜活检证实的大肠癌患者,扫描前充分肠道准备、肌注低张剂后,经直肠导管注入脂肪对比剂(CT值-200～ -240 HU)1500 ml,行MSCT动态增强扫描,以横断面图像为基础,结合多平面重组(multiplanar reconstruction,MPR)及CT仿真内窥镜(CT virtual endoscopy,CTVE),进行TNM分期,并与术后病理对照.结果 术前MSCT诊断大肠癌33例,TNM总分期准确度为78.78%(26/33),其中T分期敏感度为100%,阳性诊断准确度为87.88%(29/33);N分期敏感度为86.36%(19/22),阳性诊断准确度为68.18%(15/22).5例肝脏转移的患者均被CT检查发现.结论 脂肪对比剂多层螺旋CT对大肠癌分期有重要意义.     

螺旋CT双期增强扫描对胰腺癌的诊断价值

目的评价螺旋CT双期增强扫描在小胰腺癌诊断中的价值。方法螺旋CT对21例(≤2cm)的胰腺癌先平扫,再以3ml/s速度高压团注对比剂100ml,分别行动脉期(注射后20~25s)和实质期(注射后50~60s)扫描,测量各扫描期肿瘤和正常胰腺组织的CT值。结果肿瘤的平均CT值在动脉期(42±14)HU,实质期(48±18)HU,正常胰腺组织的平均CT值动脉期(105±15)HU,实质期(86±11)HU。肿瘤-胰腺密度差为动脉期(69±15)HU,实质期(38±21)HU,动脉期时二者之间有显著差别(P<0.01)。结论动脉期时可获得肿瘤-胰腺密度最大差值,有利于胰腺癌的早期诊断和可切除性的判断。     

丘脑及苍白球腹后部毁损术中CT的定位作用

目的探讨CT在帕金森病丘脑腹外侧核及苍白球腹后部毁损术中的定位作用。方法应用微电极导向技术，对150例帕金森病患者行同侧丘脑腹外侧核及苍白球腹后部同期毁损术，术中CT影像学定位，测出毁损靶点三维空间的X、Y、Z值。结果术中靶点CT定位与微电极电生理记录的靶点吻合率达80%，其余20%误差均小于2mm。结论利用普通CT扫描，术中能准确地进行靶点的影像学定位。其费用较利用SPCT或MRI定位低50%左右     

螺旋CT双期扫描在胰腺肿瘤中的应用价值

目的评价螺旋CT双期增强扫描在胰腺肿瘤中的应用价值。方法收集41例胰腺肿瘤(36例胰腺癌、5例胰岛素瘤)病例,均作了螺旋CT平扫、动脉期、门脉期双期增强扫描。测定各期瘤灶与正常胰腺组织CT值,并计算两者差值。结果平扫、动脉期、门脉期的肿瘤灶与正常胰腺组织的CT差值分别为(6.7±4.3)HU,(31.6±14.3)HU,(4.9±3.8)HU。两者差值在动脉期与平扫、门脉期均有极显著统计学差异(t值分别为11.4,10.5,P均<0.001),平扫与门脉期无统计学差异(P>0.05)。结论螺旋CT动脉期、门脉期双期增强扫描在胰腺肿瘤诊断及鉴别诊断和小瘤灶的检出中具有重要价值。     

Principles of CT and CT technology

This article provides a review of the basic principles of CT within the context of the evolution of CT. Modern CT technology can be understood as a natural progression of improvements and innovations in response to both engineering problems and clinical requirements. Detailed discussions of multislice CT, CT image quality evaluation, and radiation doses in CT will be presented in upcoming articles in this series.     

Multidetector CT and CT angiography in mesenteric ischemia

Purpose

To evaluate the role of 64-multidetector CT in assessment of mesenteric vascular ischemia in clinically suspected patients.

Patients and methods

This study included 38 patients during period from October 2009 to October 2011. The patients age ranged from 38 to 72 year old (mean age was 57 ± 11.2 years). All cases met the criteria of acute non traumatic (28 patients) or chronic abdominal pain (10 patients) and suspected mesenteric vascular ischemia. All 38 cases were evaluated in surgery department, then underwent CT of the abdomen and pelvis & CTA by using 64 multislice GE light speed VCT. MDCT& CT angiographic findings were correlated with surgical findings in acute mesenteric ischemia (AMI) cases & conventional angiography in chronic mesenteric ischemia (CMI) cases.

Results

MDCT findings alone were nonspecific for detection of MI. The sensitivity, specificity& accuracy of CTA in diagnosis of AMI after surgical confirmation were 96%, 66.6% & 92.8% respectively, while in CMI the sensitivity, specificity & accuracy were 88.8%, 100%, 90% respectively, after confirmation by conventional angiography.

Conclusion

CTA scan appears to be an excellent tool to find out and localize cases of AMI rather than in CMI cases.     

CT和辐射

美国研究人员2008年12月2日宣布,美国医院体系中7％的患者一生中接受CT扫描吸收的辐射量会略微增加患癌风险。他们研究了2007年在布林翰女子医院和丹娜一法伯癌症研究所进行过CT扫描的所有患者,结果发现有7％的患者因CT扫描而使其患癌风险增加1％。一次胸部CT扫描的有效辐射剂量是常规X线正位胸片的300～400倍,     

Radiation exposure during cardiac CT: effective doses at multi-detector row CT and electron-beam CT

PURPOSE: To measure the effective radiation doses delivered at electron-beam computed tomography (CT) and multi-detector row spiral CT of coronary arteries and to compare these doses with those delivered at catheter coronary angiography. MATERIALS AND METHODS: An anthropomorphic phantom equipped with 66 thermoluminescent dosimeters was imaged at cardiac CT. Four protocols for unenhanced coronary artery calcium scoring were simulated: one with electron-beam CT and three with multi-detector row CT. Four similar protocols for coronary CT angiography were simulated. All multi-detector row spiral CT protocols were performed with retrospective electrocardiographic triggering. Biplane catheter coronary angiography also was simulated. Radiation doses to organs were measured, and effective doses were calculated according to guidelines published in International Commission on Radiological Protection Publication 60. RESULTS: Coronary artery calcium scoring with electron-beam CT yielded effective radiation doses of 1.0 and 1.3 mSv for male and female patients, respectively. The radiation doses at calcium scoring with multi-detector row CT were 1.5-5.2 mSv for male patients and 1.8-6.2 mSv for female patients. Electron-beam CT coronary angiography yielded effective doses of 1.5 and 2.0 mSv for male and female patients, respectively. The highest effective doses were delivered at multi-detector row CT angiography: 6.7-10.9 mSv for male patients and 8.1-13.0 mSv for female patients. Catheter coronary angiography yielded effective doses of 2.1 and 2.5 mSv for male and female patients, respectively. CONCLUSION: Higher radiation doses are delivered at multi-detector row cardiac CT compared with the doses delivered at electron-beam CT and catheter coronary angiography.     

恶性脑膜瘤CT与病理对照分析及CT诊断

复习了２０例资料完整经手术和病理证实的恶性脑膜瘤，综合分析其ＣＴ表现为：（１）肿瘤外形不规则，有分叶结节状凸起，边界不清；（２）肿瘤内低密度区及脑膜瘤的非均一强化或环状强化；（３）明显的瘤周水肿；（４）肿瘤侵犯颅骨及颅外软组织。讨论了恶性脑膜瘤的ＣＴ表现与病理组织学关系以及诊断与鉴别诊断。     

Helical CT and three-dimensional CT of facial and orbital injury.

Knowledge of the regions of the face and their buttresses and knowledge of the types of facial injuries frequently encountered simplifies the diagnostic task. The indications for CT include detection of suspected fractures and preoperative planning. The cost of facial CT to the hospital has declined and is little different than the cost of plain films. CT may become the screening modality of choice depending on the cost structure at any given hospital.