全训团队及新兵教导团膝创伤性滑膜炎的调查

全训团队及新兵教导团膝创伤性滑膜炎的调查韩西，黄昌林（全军训练伤防治研究中心，洛阳）军事训练及运动训练中膝关节易发生损伤，而创伤性滑膜炎又是膝损伤中较常见的损伤之一。为此，我中心于１９９２年２～７月间分别对某部队５个全训团进行了创伤性滑膜炎的流行病学...     

医学防护对武警全训部队官兵擒敌术训练伤的干预作用

目的评价医学防护措施对武警基层部队擒敌术训练伤的干预作用,为其推广应用提供科学依据。方法整群抽取武警部队不同地域的6个全训支队共4945名官兵,在对其实施训练伤防护的医学干预措施一年后,采用问卷调查与查阅门诊登记相结合的方法,对6个支队的训练伤发生情况及其诱发原因进行统计分析。结果实施医学干预措施后训练伤发生率为(5.8±1.0)人次/(100人·年),明显少于干预前训练伤发生率(9.6±1.6)人次/(100人·年),差异有显著性(P0.05);实施医学干预措施后,动作要领掌握不当在擒敌术训练致伤原因中所占比例为23.6%,明显少于干预前的42.3%,差异有显著性(P0.01)。结论在武警全训部队的擒敌术训练中,实施医学干预可有效降低擒敌术训练伤的发生率。     

全训连队足癣病调查与防治措施

足癣是部队中常见的皮肤病,其发病率高,易蔓延,且可引起体癣、甲癣、淋巴结炎等并发症,影响部队训练.1991年春、夏,我们对所属全训连队的2021名官兵进行足癣病调查,现报告如下.1 发病情况根据《临床皮肤病学》诊断标准,以足部有典型临床表现诊断为足癣病.共检出患者1374例,占67.88%,其中趾间糜烂型916例,占阳性人数的66.7%;水泡型289例,占21.06%;丘疹鳞屑型134例,占9.77%;角化过度型,体癣型分别为19、14例,各占1.38%、1.02%.2 真菌学检查随机采集250例患者一周     

热区边疆全训部队营养保障的研究

本文对热区边疆全训部队有代表性的二个连队进行了１７天的营养保障和训练强度的研究，其中１００名受试者分别补充了高能饮料或高能元素饮料。训练环境最热强度平均Ｔｄ４１．６℃、Ｔｇ５０．０℃、ＷＢＧＴ３４．０２℃；训练日战士净体力活动时间４４８ｍｉｎ。尽管每日能量和蛋白质摄入量分别为１６．５ＭＪ（３９４１ｋｃａｌ）和９９ｇ，仍不能满足需要；加上其它维生素、无机元素的不足与缺乏，体重下降０．９ｋｇ，体质瘦弱     

全训部队能量和蛋白质营养状况调查

目的 观察全训部队在执行新的《军人食物定量》标准1年多之后，食物供给情况及能量和蛋白质营养状况。方法 选择某部3个连队进行调查。膳食调查采用称量法和查帐法相结合的方式，能量消耗采用时间活动法，生化检测、体测量采用全军统一方法。结果 (1)受调查的3个连队每人每日的能量消耗为17．9～18．9MJ，均为极重劳动强度；每人每日的能量摄入为16.4～18．0MJ，略低于能量消耗，但仍在正常范围内。在能量来源分布方面，蛋白质占总热量的11．2％～14．5％，基本符合军标要求；而脂肪占31．5％～44．1％，明显高于军标；碳水化合物占44．7％～54．5％，则低于军标。(2)食物结构调查显示谷类、鱼类、蔬菜的摄入量低于军标，肉类则高于军标。每人每日蛋白质摄入量为113．4～133．2g，符合军标要求。(3)66名受检者的血清胆固醇高于正常值者占16．7％，血清甘油三酯高于正常值者占6．1％。体重过重和肥胖人数占受检135人的10．4％。结论 全训部队官兵的食物供应得到了较大的改善。能量和蛋白质营养状况基本良好，但食物结构仍欠合理，脂肪摄入量偏高，导致少数人血脂偏高，体重偏重。     

某部新兵军事训练伤原因调查分析及对策

目的了解某部新兵基础训练期间军事训练伤的发生规律及影响因素,为科学施训和减少军事训练伤的发生提供预防对策。方法采用回顾性调查和医学鉴定相结合的方法。收集训练伤登记数据,分析训练伤发生原因,提供预防策略。结果参加全训新兵1 250人,发生训练伤263人次,发生率为21.04%;训练伤发生部位主要包括踝关节、小腿、膝关节、上肢等,其中下肢训练伤发生较频繁,膝关节以下部位训练伤发生181人,占68.82%;在各种训练科目中,致伤课目分别为5 km越野、器械训练、投弹训练、体育锻炼等;在全训的第1-12周中,训练伤的发生高峰出现在第4-6周,共发生训练伤126人次。结论军事训练伤的发生存在着主客观因素,某部训练伤的发生与个体因素、训练强度、训练环境以及训练管理等多种因素有关,建议部队预防训练伤在组织领导、科学训练、综合保障、健康教育等方面加强工作力度。     

某全训坦克部队官兵军训中发生肌疲劳的调查

目的:调查坦克乘员在军事训练中肌疲劳发生的情况及原因,为制定正确训练方法提供科学依据.方法:以整群抽样问卷结合体检的方式,对某全训坦克部队军事训练中1 072名从事坦克专业的官兵发生肌疲劳的情况进行调查.结果:坦克乘员肌疲劳发生率为42.1%,其中驾驶员发生率最高,为56.4%;车长最低,为20.1%(P＜0.01).肌疲劳发生部位均以腰骶部发生率最高,占48.3%;下肢最低,占8.7%(P＜0.01).从事坦克专业1～3年者肌疲劳发生率最高(46.0%),＞10年的最低,为32.6%(P＜0.01).结论:坦克乘员肌疲劳发生率较高,与劳动强度、技术熟练程度、振动、工作姿势、季节等因素有关,应加强防护措施的研究.     

寒区某部新兵下肢训练伤情况调查

训练伤是新兵军事训练的常见病和多发病,尤以下肢训练伤为多。我们调查了驻东北地区某部全训新兵下肢训练伤的发病情况,报告如下。     

亚热带地区某部步兵踝关节军事训练伤流行病学调查

目的调查亚热带地区某部步兵踝关节军事训练伤发生情况及流行病学特点,为预防和减少踝关节军事训练伤提供参考。方法调查亚热带地区陆军某部山地旅步兵营1148名官兵在2013年1-12月期间踝关节训练伤情况,分析受伤的时间分布、科目分布、部位分布及训练地形分布。结果踝关节训练伤发生率为16.99%,其中骨折占4.10%,软组织损伤占95.90%。6-8月及10-11月为训练伤高发时间;受伤科目主要以障碍训练、5 km越野所占比例较高;外踝损伤发生率(12.89%)明显高于内踝损伤(4.10%),软组织损伤发生率(16.29%)明显高于骨折(0.70%);发生训练伤的地形以平地、凹凸不平地所占比例较高。结论踝关节军事训练伤发生率较高,且以软组织伤、外踝损伤多见。     

军队医疗体系联合预防军事训练伤探讨

目的：总结医疗体系联合预防军事训练伤的经验，为提高训练效率，探索减少训练伤的方法。方法：对1997年，1999年体系部队部分全训团队随机抽查753人参训士兵，对实行医疗体系联合预防训练伤前后发病情况进行对比，结果：1997年未实行联合预防前调查的452人中，389人有伤病发生，占调查参训总人数的86．06％，1999年实行联合预防训练伤后调查301人，162人有伤病发生，占调查参训总人数的53．82％，前后对比减少发病率32．24％，结论：军队医疗体系实行军事训练伤三级医疗预防网络，对减少训练伤及训练相关伤病的发病率是一种较好方法，对基层医疗单位预防训练伤有一定参考意义。     

Dietary status of trained female cyclists

Dietary status was evaluated in eight highly trained female cyclists. Each cyclist kept a 3-day weighed food record. Diets were analyzed for nutrient content using a computerized software package. Blood was also obtained and evaluated for hemoglobin, hematocrit, and albumin. For an athletic group, the cyclists' diets were found to be low in energy (85% RDA) and carbohydrate (4.4 gm/kg body weight per day). Mean daily dietary intakes were well below the RDAs for folacin (76% RDA), magnesium (81%), iron (59%), and zinc (48%). In addition, more than one-third of the cyclists failed to consume 67% of the RDA for the following micronutrients: pyridoxine, folacin, cobalamin, vitamin E, magnesium, iron, and zinc. Hemoglobin (135 gm/L), hematocrit (0.39), and albumin (45 gm/L) values were all normal, although most hemoglobin values were in the lower 50% of normal range. Foods such as meats, poultry, fish, beans, peas, and nuts were low or absent from the diets of most athletes. Dietary quality in this group of female cyclists could have been greatly improved with the addition of more of those foods. These athletes could benefit from nutrition education and diet counseling.     

Nutritional survey of highly trained women runners

Mean daily intakes from 3-day dietary records for calories, energy-providing nutrients, and selected minerals were calculated for 51 highly trained women runners. Selected blood constituents relating to mineral status were also measured. Intakes of calcium, magnesium, iron, and copper were above the amounts recommended by the National Research Council whereas zinc intake was below the recommended dietary allowances (RDA). Caloric intakes, although above the RDA for sedentary women, appeared low for women running 10 miles/day. Concentrations of serum ferritin and plasma zinc were indicative of marginal iron and zinc status in many of the women. Whether the nutrient content of the diets consumed by these women is adequate relative to energy output or whether training lowers nutrient requirements by enhancing metabolic efficiency will require further investigation.     

Teams trained in-house can be extremely effective

Benchmarking does not have to involve expensive consultants to be successful, but does require careful attention to training and motivation. The best results come from teams who understand their mission, its contribution to the hospital's goals, and the basics of data gathering and manipulation. Managers must assume leadership of teams and be willing to train other team members.     

医院招用培训护士的体会

我国大多数医院护理编制是按照功能制护理模式配置的，除特殊病房外，各临床科室护士均未达到1：0．4，病床总数与护理人员总数之比仅为1：0．3，远远低于应当配备的护理人数。特别是近10年来，在护士人员并没有增加的情况下，护理工作增加了健康教育、书写护理病历等新内容，使护理人力资源严重缺乏。大部分医院的基础护理工作由陪床者替代，基础护理质量急剧下降，差错事故时有发生。我院为了解决这一难题，于2004年招用了一批护校毕业无上岗证的待业护士。经过2年多的临床实践，不但缓解了我院护士的人力不足矛盾，同时也规范了基础护理工作，使病人对医疗护理服务的满意度有了较大的提高。     

Ascorbate metabolism in the trained monkey.

The metabolic fate of 14C-1-ascorbate was studied in trained monkeys (Macacca fasicularis) by measurement of the 14C in the expired breath, urine, and feces. To minimize stress, each monkey was placed in a restraining primate chair and trained to all experimental procedures prior to the isotope studies. The majority of the 14C-1-ascorbate was absorbed by the trained monkeys and ascorbate turnover increased with increasing plasma levels. The urine of trained monkeys was the major excretion route of 14C-1-ascorbate and its metabolites. less than 2.5% of the 14C-1-ascorbate was oxidized in 24 hr to 14CO2. The 14CO2 production was not changed by diet or the ascorbate nutritional status in the trained monkey. A significant increase in 14CO2 production was measured in an untrained monkey. The metabolic fate of 14C-1-ascorbate in man and the trained monkey was similar. Therefore, the trained monkey could be a study model for ascorbate metabolism in man.