昂丹司琼不同给药方式预防患者麻醉术后恶心呕吐的疗效分析

目的比较昂丹司琼不同用药方式对妇科腹腔镜手术后患者发生恶心、呕吐的疗效差异。方法全麻下行妇科腹腔镜手术的患者140例随机分为7组各20例,Ⅰ-Ⅵ组使用昂丹司琼止吐,但给药方式不同,Ⅶ组为对照组,不使用药物止吐。记录手术结束后的不同时间段内（0-3 h、3-10 h、10-24 h）患者不同级别恶心、呕吐发生的例数及总发生率。结果与对照组比较,各组术后恶心、呕吐发生率均显著降低（均P〈0.05）。在麻醉前用药的各组中,Ⅲ组术后恶心、呕吐发生率较Ⅰ组和Ⅱ组显著降低（均P〈0.05）;在麻醉后用药的各组中,Ⅵ组术后恶心、呕吐发生率较Ⅳ组和V组显著降低（均P〈0.05）。结论在妇科腹腔镜手术并行术后镇痛的患者中,麻醉前静脉给予4mg昂丹司琼联合镇痛泵中给予4 mg昂丹司琼的给药方式,能显著抑制早期的术后恶心呕吐。     

昂丹司琼与长托宁单次注射用于预防腹腔镜胆囊切除术后恶心呕吐的对比研究

目的：观察单次注射昂丹司琼、长托宁对预防腹腔镜下胆囊切除术后患者恶心呕吐的作用。方法：选择45例择期腹腔镜胆囊切除手术患者,ASA分级Ⅰ～Ⅱ级,随机分为3组,每组15例,在麻醉诱导前10min分别静脉注射昂丹司琼4mg（A组）、长托宁1mg（B组）、生理盐水10ml（C组）;对比分析3组患者手术结束后24h内恶心呕吐发生率。结果：3组患者中C组术后恶心呕吐的发生率最高,与A、B组比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）;A组与B组发生率相近（P〉0．05）。结论：昂丹司琼与长托宁单次注射用药均能明显减少腹腔镜胆囊切除术后患者恶心呕吐的发生率。     

昂丹司琼防治腹腔镜胆囊切除术后恶心呕吐的临床观察

目的 探讨昂丹司琼在腹腔镜胆囊切除术(LC)后恶心、呕吐的防治作用.方法 120例择期LC术患者,男,60例,女,60例,均在全麻下接受常规LC手术.将其随机分为术前用药组(Ⅰ组)40例、术后用药组(Ⅱ组)40例和对照组(Ⅲ组)40例,分别于麻醉前30 min静脉注射昂丹司琼8 mg、麻醉清醒后立即给予静脉注射昂丹司琼8 mg和不给予任何镇吐药.用药后观察48 h,观察恶心、呕吐反应的发生情况和药物的不良反应.若患者出现恶心、呕吐,再给予静脉注射昂丹司琼8 rng治疗.结果 Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组和Ⅲ组的恶心、呕吐发生率分别为32.5%、12.5%和55%,Ⅱ组的恶心、呕吐发生率明显低于Ⅰ组和Ⅲ组(P＜0.05).Ⅰ组的恶心、呕吐发生率也明显低于Ⅲ组(P＜0.05);120例患者共有40例发生恶心、呕吐反应,再次静脉注射昂丹司琼8 mg后,有34例患者得到控制(85%).未观察到任何药物的不良反应.结论 昂丹司琼能安全有效地预防和治疗LC术后恶心、呕吐反应的发生.     

昂丹司琼防治腹腔镜胆囊切除术后恶心呕吐的临床观察

目的探讨昂丹司琼在腹腔镜胆囊切除术（LC）后恶心、呕吐的防治作用。方法120例择期LC术患者,男,60例．女,60例,均在全麻下接受常规LC手术。将其随机分为术前用药组（Ⅰ组）40例、术后用药组（Ⅱ组）40例和对照组（Ⅲ组）40例,分别于麻醉前30min静脉注射昂丹司琼8mg、麻醉清醒后立即给予静脉注射昂丹司琼8mg和不给予任何镇吐药。用药后观察48h,观察恶心、呕吐反应的发生情况和药物的不良反应。若患者出现恶心、呕吐,再给予静脉注射昂丹司琼8mg治疗。结果Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组和Ⅲ组的恶心、呕吐发生率分别为325％、12．5％和55％,Ⅱ组的恶心、呕吐发生率明显低于Ⅰ组和Ⅲ纽沪〈0．05）．Ⅰ组的恶心、呕吐发生率也明显低于Ⅲ组（P〈0．05）;120例患者共有40例发生恶心、呕吐反应,再次静脉注射昂丹司琼8mg后,有34例患者得到控制（85％）。未观察到任何药物的不良反应。结论昂丹司琼能安全有效地预防和治疗LC术后恶心、呕吐反应的发生．     

不同剂量帕洛诺司琼预防妇科手术术后恶心呕吐的临床观察

目的观察不同剂量帕洛诺司琼预防妇科手术术后恶心呕吐的有效性及安全性。方法选择在气管内全麻的妇科患者60例,ASAⅠ～Ⅱ级,均采用静脉镇痛,随机分为三组:帕洛诺司琼0.075 mg组(A组,n=20),帕洛诺司琼0.15 mg组(B组,n=20),帕洛诺司琼0.25 mg组(C组,n=20)。开始麻醉诱导前予以帕洛诺司琼,观察术后0～24 h、24～72 h、0～6 h、6～72 h及0～72 h的完全缓解率(CR)、恶心程度及治疗失败时间(TTF)。结果①术后0～24 h(p=0.194)、0～6 h(p=0.912)和0～72 h(p=0.252),三组的完全缓解率无显著性差异;而在24～72 h(p=0.025)、6～72 h(p=0.016),B、C组的完全缓解率明显高于A组。②与A组相比,B、C组恶心程度评分在术后24～72 h(p=0.025)、6～72 h(p=0.018)明显下降。③B组和C组0～24 h的治疗失败率为15%,明显减少(p=0.043)。④B、C组在所有观察时段内,完全缓解率、恶心程度及治疗失败率相似。结论妇科手术前静脉注射单剂量的帕洛诺司琼0.15 mg能增加24～72 h的恶心呕吐的完全缓解率并减少恶心程度,同时也减少了0～24 h的治疗失败率,增加帕洛诺司琼剂量至0.25 mg并未增加其效应。     

帕洛诺司琼联合地塞米松预防术后恶心呕吐的临床观察

目的观察单独使用帕洛诺司琼及联合地塞米松预防妇科手术术后恶心呕吐的有效性及安全性。方法选择在气管内全麻的妇科患者40例,ASAⅠ～Ⅱ级,均采用静脉镇痛,随机分为两组:帕洛诺司琼0.075 mg+生理盐水1 ml组(A组,n=20),帕洛诺司琼0.075 mg+地塞米松5 mg组(B组,n=20)。开始麻醉诱导前予以帕洛诺司琼和生理盐水或地塞米松,观察术后0～24、～72 h的治疗失败率与0～6、～72及0～72 h的完全缓解率(CR)、恶心程度及治疗失败时间(TTF)。结果①术后两组的完全缓解率无显著性差异;②两组恶心程度评分无显著性差异。③B组0～24 h的治疗失败率为15%,明显减少(p=0.041)。结论妇科手术前静脉注射单剂量的帕洛诺司琼0.15 mg联合地塞米松5 mg不能改善恶心呕吐的完全缓解率,但能降低0～24 h的治疗失败率。     

昂丹司琼联合地塞米松用于术后患者恶心呕吐的观察

目的 通过对昂丹司琼联合地塞米松防治术后患者的呕吐现象的观察,探讨其对于防防治术后呕吐症状的疗效.方法 选取100名进行扁桃体剥离术的患者,按随机选取的方式平局分成四组,分别为组1,组2、组3、组4.其中组1为昂丹司琼联合地塞米松防治术后呕吐现象组,组2为昂丹司琼防治术后呕吐现象组,组3为地塞米松防治术后呕吐现象组,组4为对照组.在患者手术结束后,同一时间进行治疗,观察术后24h内患者的呕吐症状,以及在24 h内同时记录患者的意识状态正常与否和不良反应现象的发生.结果 经过24h内的观察可发现,组1、组2、组3 的患者呕吐现象的发生率明显要对组4对照组的患者的呕吐发生率低(P<0.05),并且昂丹司琼联合地塞米松的组组1患者恶心呕吐现象的发生率最低.结论 昂丹司琼对于术后患者恶心呕吐现象和地塞米松对于术后患者恶心呕吐的现象都有一定的防治效果,但是昂丹司琼联合地塞米松用于术后患者恶心呕吐的效果最好.     

格拉司琼联合地塞米松预防妇科腹腔镜术后恶心呕吐的临床观察

目的探讨格拉司琼联合地塞米松对预防妇科腹腔镜术后恶心呕吐（postoperative nausea and vomiting,PONV）的疗效。方法120例择期行妇科腹腔镜手术患者随机分成4组,每组30例。开始缝皮时格拉司琼组（G组）静脉注射格拉司琼3mg（用生理盐水稀释成10ml）．地塞米松组（D组）静脉注射地塞米松10mg（用生理盐水稀释成10ml）,格拉司琼联合地塞米松组（GD组）静脉注射格拉司琼3mg＋地塞米松10mg（共10ml）,对照组（C组）静脉注射生理盐水10ml。观察和记录术后24 h PONV的例数和程度。结果与对照组相比,格拉司琼组、地塞米松组、格托司琼联合地塞米松组均能显著减少妇科腹腔镜术后24 h PONV的发生（P〈0．01）;联合用药较单一,用药差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论格拉司琼联用地塞米松预防妇科腹腔镜PONV临床疗效显著,效果较单用格拉司琼或地塞米松更佳。     

昂丹司琼预防妇科腹腔镜术后恶心、呕吐的临床效果分析

目的对昂丹司琼预妇科腹腔镜术后恶心、呕吐的临床效果进行分析。方法资料随机选自2012年3月—2013年3月我院妇科择期行腹腔镜手术的患者96例,将其平均分为三组;给予A组患者4mg昂丹司琼,给予B组患者8mg昂丹司琼;给予对照组常规的生理盐水;对三组临床资料、治疗方法及疗效进行分析。结果三组患者经治疗后,术中瑞芬太尼的用量（43.54±10.05）、（43.68±9.42）、（43.80±10.50）mg/kg;手术的时间（105.23±18.77）、（106.67±20.14）、（104.34±17.54）min以及麻醉时间（122.31±19.57）、（120.34±20.67）、（121.24±19.46）min等比较无显著差异（P〉0.05）。A组术后恶心呕吐发生率（9.38%）与B组（12.50%）比较无显著差异（P〉0.05）;但A、B两组术后恶心呕吐的发生率,均低于对照组（59.38%）,比较有差异具有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论采用昂丹司琼预防妇科腹腔镜术后恶心、呕吐,效果较为显著、副作用小,能够减少手术或麻醉的风险,减轻患者痛苦,值得在临床中推广应用。     

托烷司琼与昂丹司琼用于腹腔镜下子宫肌瘤挖除术后止吐的研究

目的:观察对比托烷司琼和昂丹司琼对腹腔镜下子宫肌瘤挖除术患者术后止吐的效果。方法:选择择期行腹腔镜下子宫肌瘤挖除术60例,随机分为三组,诱导前10min分别给予生理盐水5ml、昂丹司琼4mg(稀释至5m1)、托烷司琼5mg(稀释至5m1),手术结束后观察患者从拔除气管导管开始的24h之内恶心与呕吐症状的发生情况。结果:生理盐水组(Ⅰ组)、昂丹司琼组(Ⅱ组)和托烷司琼组(Ⅲ组)术后24h内分别有9例、3例和4例出现恶心呕吐的症状,Ⅰ组与Ⅱ组和Ⅲ组比较,差异均具有统计学意义(P0.05),Ⅱ组与Ⅲ组比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:麻醉诱导前给予昂丹司琼和托烷司琼均可以安全有效的预防腹腔镜下子宫肌瘤挖除术后恶心呕吐的发生。     

长春新碱过量引起严重毒副反应1例的护理体会

报道1例霍奇金淋巴瘤患者因误用长春新碱（VCR）10mg一次性静脉推注后治疗护理情况。其出现间断性神志恍惚、眼睑闭合不全、言语不清、口腔黏膜糜烂、全身疼痛、麻痹性肠梗阻、尿潴留、手足麻木等症状,经积极解救,禁食,持续胃肠减压、胃管内注入麻油、开塞露、生理盐水灌肠,合理应用肠外营养,注重疼痛、心理护理,做好口腔、肛周护理,预防感染加重,患者病情得到控制好转出院。     

Correlates of stages of change of smoking among inhabitants of deprived neighbourhoods

BACKGROUND: This study examines the prevalence and correlates of stages of change of smoking, in terms of psychosocial, structural and sociodemographic factors, among inhabitants of deprived neighbourhoods. METHODS: Cross-sectional data were obtained from a survey on health related behaviour. Subjects were 2009 current and former smokers, aged 20-46, living in deprived neighbourhoods in Rotterdam, the second largest city in the Netherlands. Three groups of smokers were formed according to the stages of change-definitions of the Transtheoretical Model: smokers not planning to quit (precontemplators), smokers planning to quit (contemplators/preparators) and former smokers (actors/maintainers). Smokers planning to quit and smokers not planning to quit were compared regarding psychosocial factors (attitude, social norm, self-efficacy), structural factors (neighbourhood problems, material deprivation, financial problems, employment status) and sociodemographic factors (age, gender, marital status, cultural background, educational level). Former smokers were compared with smokers planning to quit regarding structural and sociodemographic factors. Logistic regression was used to assess correlates of stages of change. RESULTS: Smokers planning to quit (prevalence = 19%) reported a more positive attitude, stronger social norms and higher self-efficacy expectations in quitting smoking than smokers not planning to quit (prevalence = 57%). Smokers planning to quit less often were Dutch-born, more often had attended higher vocational schooling or university and more often reported experiencing two or more neighbourhood problems compared to smokers not planning to quit. Former smokers (prevalence = 24%) were older, more often Dutch-born, married, employed and higher educated, compared to smokers planning to quit. Furthermore, former smokers less often reported material deprivation and financial problems than smokers planning to quit. CONCLUSION: Among people living in deprived neighbourhoods, different factors correlate with different stages of change of smoking. Implications for health promotion are discussed.     

Choice of measures of vaccination and estimates of risk of pediatric pertussis

BackgroundVaccination uptake at the individual level can be assessed in a variety of ways, including traditional measures of being up-to-date (UTD), measures of UTD that consider dose timing, like age-appropriate vaccination, and risk reduction from individual doses. This analysis compared methods of operationalizing vaccination uptake and corresponding risk of pertussis infection.MethodsCity-wide case-control study of children in Philadelphia aged 3 months through 6 years, between 2001 and 2013. Multiple logistic regression was used to isolate the independent effects of each measure of vaccination uptake and the corresponding relative odds of pertussis.ResultsBeing UTD on vaccinations was associated with a 52% reduction in risk of pertussis (OR 0.48, 95% CI: 0.34, 0.69). Evaluation of delayed receipt of vaccine versus on-time UTD yielded similar results. There was a decrease in risk of pertussis for each additional dose received with the greatest reduction in pertussis infection observed from the first (OR 0.48, 95% CI: 0.28, 0.83) and second dose (OR 0.17, 95% CI: 0.08, 0.34). Additional doses conferred minimal additional protection in this age group.ConclusionExamining vaccination status by individual doses may offer improved predictive capacity for identifying children at risk for pertussis infection compared to the traditional UTD measure.     

两种不同肌瘤剔除术治疗子宫肌瘤的临床疗效比较

目的:比较腹腔镜子宫肌瘤剔除术与腹式子宫肌瘤剔除术的临床疗效。方法:回顾分析63例腹腔镜子宫肌瘤剔除术与61例腹式子宫肌瘤剔除术的临床资料,比较2种手术方式的手术时间、术中出血量、肛门排气时间、使用抗生素时间、术后感染率、体温恢复正常时间、住院时间等情况。结果:两组患者接受子宫肌瘤剔除术顺利完成,腹腔镜组手术时间长于开腹组(P0.05),腹腔镜组术中出血量及剔除肌瘤个数均少于开腹组(P0.05),术后腹腔镜组体温恢复正常时间、肛门排气时间、抗生素使用及住院时间均短于开腹组,两组患者最多随访6个月,腹腔镜组平均康复时间较开腹组短(P0.05),两组随访B超均未发现明显肌瘤结节。结论:腹腔镜子宫肌瘤剔除术损伤小,恢复快,住院时间短,是值得推广的微创手术。     

上海市某医院骨科平均住院日影响因素分析

对上海市某医院2003年-2007年骨科出院病人的住院日描述性分析．2003年-2007年骨科的床位利用指数与平均住院日相关性分析．2003年-2007年骨科床位与医护比例分析．2007年骨科前10大病种平均住院目影响因素分别进行单因素相关性分析和多因素逐步回归分析（STATA软件）。通过对骨科10大病种住院日影响因素分析,术前等待天数、手术类型、是否输血分别对10个、9个和8个病种的住院目有影响。输血因素和手术类型是医院不可控、由病人的病情决定的,术前等待天数是管理因素,是最值得医院重视的影响因素。     

性发育异常发病机制的研究进展

正常的性腺分化可分为3个过程：原始性腺形成、性别决定和卵巢/睾丸发育。在任一环节中,基因表达或调控发生异常均有可能导致性发育异常疾病的发生。性发育异常是指染色体、性腺和解剖性别不典型。随着分子生物学技术的发展,不断地发现新的基因或信号通路参与性腺分化和发育,如SRY、SF1、WT1、Sox9等基因与睾丸发育密切相关,Wnt/Rspo1/B连环蛋白通路、Dax1、Foxl2等基因在卵巢分化中发挥着重要作用,一些非编码RNA和转化生长因子也有重要的调节功能,且睾丸和卵巢发育均为主动过程,即使在出生后因某些基因的改变两者间也可出现横向分化。这些为揭示性分化异常的发病机制提供了可能。     

尘肺病患者145例死因调查

目的分析汉中市尘肺病的发生、发展和死亡原因，以提高尘肺病患者的生存质量。方法对145例尘肺病患者的死因进行回顾性分析，计算其平均发病年龄、死亡年龄及患尘肺病后的存活年限。结果矽肺的平均发病年龄和死亡年龄均早于煤工尘肺和石棉肺，尘肺病的主要死因为患肺部疾患，患尘肺病后的平均存活年限为12a。结论加强职业健康体检工作，对尘肺病人做到早发现早治疗和预防并发症的发生。     

One-year stability of the Measure of Processes of Care

BACKGROUND: The Measure of Processes of Care (MPOC) is a 56-item self-administered measure designed to examine what parents of a child with a chronic health problem think of the services they and their child receive, and to measure the extent to which these services are family-centred. Reliability and validity of the MPOC were established in prior studies. The aim of the present study was to assess the 1-year stability of the MPOC to justify its use as an evaluative tool. METHODS: Nine paediatric rehabilitation centres in the Netherlands participated in this short longitudinal survey study. Subjects were 205 parents (response rate 74.8%) of children aged 1-18 years who received care in one of the participating paediatric rehabilitation centres. All subjects filled out two MPOCs with a 1-year interval. RESULTS: All correlations between the scale scores of the MPOC at the first and second administration were relatively high and significant (range: 0.443-0.609, all P < 0.001), demonstrating high inter-individual stability. However, all mean scale scores, except for Providing General Information, significantly reduced after 1 year. CONCLUSIONS: The MPOC has a moderate 1-year stability. However, because of its tendency to score lower when repeated after 1 year, its use as an evaluative follow-up instrument to assess the effectiveness of a programme intervention is restricted.     

儿童皮质发育畸形的MRI诊断

目的探讨儿童皮质发育畸形(MCD)的MRI表现特点,为MCD的早期诊断提供依据。 方法选择2010年1月至2012年12月在四川省医学科学院·四川省人民医院放射科经MRI检查确诊为MCD的44例患儿为研究对象。回顾性分析及总结其MRI影像学特征。本研究遵循的程序符合四川省医学科学院·四川省人民医院人体试验委员会制定的伦理学标准,得到该委员会批准,征得受试对象及其监护人知情同意,并与监护人签署临床研究知情同意书。 结果本组44例经MRI确诊为MCD患儿中,巨脑回-无脑回为17例,多小脑回为14例,灰质异位为9例,脑裂畸形为4例。MCD的MRI特点中,巨脑回表现为脑回增宽、皮质增厚及白质变薄;无脑回表现为正常脑沟、脑回消失,皮质增厚及白质变薄;多小脑回表现为脑回增多、细小;灰质异位表现为皮质下及侧脑室周围深部白质区结节状、团块状或带状病灶,信号与灰质信号相同;脑裂畸形表现为从侧脑室到脑表面贯穿大脑半球的裂隙,表面覆盖灰质。 结论MRI是诊断儿童MCD的可靠影像学方法。     

244株真菌鉴定结果分析

目的 了解某院2000～2001年各类真菌的检出率。方法 用酵母样真菌同化试验编码鉴定板TH-15进行编码鉴定。结果 真菌分离率为8．85％；244株真菌分为10种，其中以白色念珠菌和热带念珠菌较高，分别占真菌总数的75．41％和11．47％；检出真菌的主要标本是痰和阴道分泌物。结论 及时进行真菌培养，有利于合理使用抗菌药物和控制真菌感染。