先天性外耳道闭锁成形术后狭窄或再闭锁10例

目的探讨先天性外耳道闭锁成形术后狭窄或再闭锁的处理方法及效果。方法对10例（耳）先天性外耳道闭锁成形术后出现狭窄或闭锁的患者行再次手术,选取耳道后方作切口,切除狭窄或闭锁的瘢痕,扩大外耳道,术腔植皮,7耳同期鼓室成形。结果10耳中2耳外耳道出现再狭窄,经局部注射激素,纱条压迫后缓解,术后语频听力提高15dBHL者7耳,听力无改变3耳。结论先天性外耳道闭锁成形术后狭窄或再闭锁病例,再次手术仍是有效的方法,并可同期行鼓室重建。     

多病因外耳道狭窄或闭锁的临床分析

目的：探讨多病因外耳道狭窄或闭锁的手术治疗体会。方法：回顾16例（18耳）外耳道狭窄或闭锁经历的手术治疗及预后。结果：15耳外耳道术后外形通畅,3耳外耳道再狭窄,其中1耳经外耳道开口切开,放置扩张管后未狭窄,1例外耳道鳞状细胞癌无复发,无一例面瘫、外耳道坏死等并发症。结论：根据不同病因合理采用手术方式可以提高外耳道狭窄或闭锁的治愈率,减少并发症。     

耳手术后发生外耳道狭窄、闭锁的分析

目的通过对9例手术后发生耳道狭窄、闭锁患者临床资料的分析研究,探讨医源性外耳道狭窄、闭锁的发病原因,病变特点及治疗方法。方法回顾性研究我院2007.1～2009.1,131例(133耳)外耳道、中耳手术的病例资料,其中9例(10耳)出现术后狭窄或闭锁(7.52%)。结果 4例外耳道胆脂瘤(5耳),2例外耳道良性肿瘤,2例恶性肿瘤,1例胆脂瘤型中耳炎术后出现外耳道狭窄或闭锁,发生时间均在术后三个月以内,且在手术当中均有外耳道骨质暴露而未进行皮肤移植。狭窄病例局部药物处理后病情改善,闭锁病例半年后再次行外耳道成形术效果良好。结论对原发外耳道、中耳疾病(肿瘤、外耳道胆脂瘤等)术中处理不当,术后复诊、换药不及时均会造成医源性外耳道狭窄、闭锁。     

钛金属管网状支架在外耳道重建术中的应用

目的观察钛金属管网状支架在先天性外耳道闭锁外耳道重建术中的作用,评估钛金属管网状支架预防外耳道重建术后外耳道再度狭窄或闭锁的疗效。方法 16例（16耳）先天性外耳道闭锁患者同期行外耳道和中耳成型术,在成形的外耳道内置钛金属管网状支架支撑;术后14 d取出外耳道内填塞物,保留内置的支撑钛金属管网支架,并于1年后取出。结果术后随访2年,全部病例新成形的外耳道形态良好,局部无感染与肉芽组织增生,无再度狭窄或闭锁。结论外耳道成形术中应用钛金属管网状支架支撑成形的外耳道,对预防术后外耳道再度狭窄或闭锁具有良好效果。     

先天性外耳道狭窄或闭锁的手术治疗

目的 探讨先天性外耳道狭窄或闭锁的手术方法及疗效.方法 回顾性分析54例先天性外耳道狭窄或闭锁行外耳道成形术和/或鼓室成形术患儿的临床资料,收集其病史、颞骨CT、听力学检查资料,将其分为外耳道狭窄组(23例25耳)和外耳道闭锁组(31例33耳),分别行外耳道成形术和/或鼓室成形术,术中均取腹股沟游离皮瓣,自制改良菱形皮...     

外伤性外耳道狭窄或闭锁的诊断和治疗

目的探讨外伤性外耳道狭窄或闭锁的诊断和治疗方法。方法回顾性分析1991年7月至2007年12月期间19例因外伤所致的外耳道狭窄或闭锁的临床资料。结果19例均行外耳道成形术,随访1-12年,15例外耳道较宽大,听力正常。有4例术后一个月后又狭窄：其中3例为瘢痕体质,1例经长期用碘仿纱条填压扩大而愈,2例给予填压扩大后又有狭窄的趋势.采用硅胶管扩张3个月治愈;1例再次手术治愈。结论早期诊断外伤性外耳道狭窄或闭锁非常重要,外耳道成形术是一种有效的手段,应根据狭窄部位和程度的不同情况采取相应的处理方法,术后需长期随访。     

外耳道狭窄或闭锁的手术治疗

目的：探讨外耳道狭窄手术治疗的经验及体会。方法：回顾性分析我科10例外耳道狭窄或闭锁患者的临床资料,其中单纯骨部狭窄1例、软骨部病变3例、软骨部＋骨部病变2例、外耳道及中耳病变4例。本组6例患者采用耳道内切口入路或（和）耳后切口入路去除狭窄性病变,扩大外耳道腔;4例合并慢性中耳炎患者则同时行鼓室成形术。结果：所有患者随访8~50个月,8例患者恢复良好,2例患者再次出现外耳道狭窄或闭锁。结论：外耳道成形术要选择合适的手术入路,彻底清除狭窄性病变。     

外耳道成形术失败原因分析

长期以来外耳道成形术的远期疗效一直不够理想，常因皮瓣挛缩致狭窄或闭锁。本文将我科1990年2月～1997年5月经治的外耳道成形术11例12耳光后两次手术的临床资料进行分析，旨在找出失败原因。亚临床资料11例中男4例，女7例；年龄2～74岁。第2次与第1次手术时间相距4个月～1年8个月。第1次手术时病因：先天性耳园畸形伴外耳道闭锁6耳，外伤性外耳道闭锁或狭窄2耳，外耳道乳头状瘤切除术后外耳道闭锁4耳。第1次手术术式：行骨性外耳道扩大加置游离皮瓣8耳，采用耳后皮瓣前移加游离皮瓣覆盖4耳。第2次手术发现：外耳道内段闭锁5耳，外耳道口及…     

耳后径路取带蒂皮瓣修复外耳道皮肤缺损18例

目的 探讨应用耳后带蒂皮瓣修复外耳道皮肤缺损扩大外耳道腔的疗效。方法 选取16例外耳道胆脂瘤患者及2例外耳道闭锁患者,均在全麻下行手术治疗。经耳后径路,术中见外耳道狭窄、外耳道峡部皮肤环状肉芽生长或闭锁,术中扩大外耳道骨管,于耳后切口处取带蒂皮瓣,向前转入耳道,覆盖于耳道后壁皮肤缺损处,扩大外耳道腔。结果 术后所有患者耳道皮瓣均存活,术后6个月,所有患者耳道形态恢复好,未发生狭窄或闭锁。结论 耳后径路取带蒂皮瓣易于取材,无需新切口,耳道植皮后,因瓣片有血运、不易坏死,减少了耳道再次狭窄或闭锁的发生。     

先天性外耳道狭窄与闭锁——远期疗效影响因素与手术策略

目的对不同类型先天性外耳道狭窄与闭锁的患者,实施外耳道成形术重建外耳道改善听力。对新外耳道的状态、听力变化和并发症情况进行随访,对影响远期疗效的相关因素进行分析,为外耳道畸形手术适应症选择、手术方案制定与决策提供依据。材料与方法一般资料:本文收集07年9月—10年9月期间资料完整的73例先天性外耳道狭窄或闭锁行外耳道成形术者。入选标准依据Jahrsdoerfer的中耳评分法;术前伴难以控制的外耳道感染、胆脂瘤破坏鼓室者除外;平均随访时间22.0月、平均手术年龄12.8岁。治疗方法采用耳甲切口、上鼓室入路,常规替尔氏皮片外耳道植皮。新鼓膜采用颞肌筋膜或乳突骨膜外覆盖部分裂厚皮片,或小外耳道皮肤转位与小鼓膜形成新鼓膜;凡士林抗生素纱条紧密填塞固定外耳道植皮,如无感染发生3-4周后取出,取出后常规膨胀海绵或消毒棉球扩张。结果狭窄组19例(95.0%)达实用听力(ABG〈30dB),且长期结果稳定,外耳道并发症少。其中4例(20.0%)术后气骨导差小于10dB。新外耳道感染及耳甲腔耳周皮肤湿疹和鼓膜外移钝角化少见。闭锁组仅27例(50.9%)获实用听力(ABG〈30dB),并发症多。两组之间在听力改善、长期疗效和并发症发生率均有显著差异,闭锁组的效果较差。结论新外耳道状态、听力变化和并发症与是否伴有小鼓膜和正常外耳道皮肤密切相关,是影响远期疗效的重要因素;对完全闭锁者再造外耳道需要更慎重。     

Anatomic Variants on Computed Tomography in Congenital Aural Atresia and Stenosis

Objectives

To quantitatively analyzing the anatomic variants on temporal computed tomography (CT) in congenital external auditory canal stenosis (EACS), congenital aural atresia (CAA), and normal ear structure.

Methods

Through a retrospective study, we analyzed 142 temporal high-resolution CT studies performed in 71 microtia patients. The following 6 parameters were compared among the three groups: Marx classification, medial canal diameter, vertical facial nerve (VFN) anterior displacement, tegmen mastoideum position, tympanic cavity volume, and malleus-incus joint or malleus-incus complex (MIC) area.

Results

The results showed that the microtia distributions in the Marx classification in these three groups were significantly different, as 86% (31 of 35) of ears with major microtia (third-degree dysplasia) had an atresia, and in 54.8% (23 of 42) of the minor microtic (first-degree or second-degree) ears, the bony or cartilaginous part of the external auditory canal was stenotic. Measurement data also showed that the potential medial canal diameter of the atresia group was obviously shorter than that of the stenosis group. The VFN anterior displacement and temporomandibular joint backward-shift together lead to medial canal diameters in ears with atresic canals that is smaller than those with stenotic canals. The tegmen mastoideum position was not significantly different between the three groups.

Conclusion

The mal-development of the external auditory canal is significantly associated with auricle and middle ear developmental anomalies. Compared with CAA ears, EACS have better development of the auricle, canal, tympanic cavity and MIC and relatively safer surgical operation except for the position of the tegmen mastoideum and the VFN.     

Diagnosis and management of salivary fistula after surgery for congenital aural atresia.

OBJECTIVE: Salivary fistula is an uncommon and unreported yet meaningful complication associated with the repair of congenital aural atresia. The capsule of the parotid gland may be violated during two steps of the operation: the initial dissection around the glenoid fossa or while aligning the auricle with the bony canal at the end of the procedure. We present the first described series of patients with salivary fistula after repair of congenital aural atresia. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective case review from 1985 to 2004. SETTING: Tertiary referral center. PATIENTS: We included all patients who were diagnosed with a salivary fistula after congenital aural atresia repair. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: The diagnosis of a salivary fistula or salivary tissue in the external auditory canal after atresia repair was based on one of the following criteria: 1) identification of a fistula tract or salivary tissue in the external auditory canal, 2) otorrhea positive for amylase, or 3) intermittent otorrhea associated with eating. RESULTS: Of 1,500 patients operated on for aural atresia, we identified 6 with salivary fistula after atresia repair. Salivary fistulas were diagnosed from 15 days to 10 years postoperatively, and the duration ranged from 6 months to 14 years. Treatment included observation, medical management, and surgical intervention. CONCLUSION: Salivary fistulas in the external auditory canal may present with granulation tissue, persistent crusting, or persistent otorrhea; it is therefore necessary to consider salivary fistula when managing these findings in postoperative congenital aural atresia patients. Salivary fistula secondary to repair of congenital aural atresia may be managed conservatively or surgically.     

Results of tympanoplasty for congenital aural atresia and stenosis,with special reference to fascia and homograft as the graft material of the tympanic membrane

The surgical management of congenital aural atresia is a challenging, complex procedure, and the risks are great. The otologic surgeon is responsible for keeping a patent external auditory canal and for achieving satisfactory hearing. The present report studied hearing changes that occurred after tympanoplasty and the long-term results of tympanoplasty in 12 cases of congenital aural atresia or stenosis. Patients were followed for more than 2 years after surgery. In four ears, an allograft of the tympanic membrane with an attached malleus was used, with a good graft take and hearing results. An autograft of temporal fascia was used in eight ears. Hearing acuity decreased in six of the eight ears and was maintained in two ears. Three primary surgery patients required revision surgery for postoperative restenosis of the external auditory canal. Some comments have been made with regard to this problem. Emphasis is also placed on the selection of patients for surgery using a thorough audiologic and roentgenologic evaluation.     

先天性外耳道闭锁症术后并发症的处理

目的　探讨先天性外耳道闭锁症外科手术后并发症的原因及治疗方法。方法　 1996～ 2 0 0 2年间在北京同仁医院耳鼻咽喉科住院、经过手术治疗的先天性外耳道闭锁症 4 4 6耳 ,术后出现并发症的 4 7耳 ,分别为外耳道口狭窄、外耳道狭窄、感染引起的听力下降、单纯气导听力下降和面神经麻痹 ,其中听力下降 10dB 12耳 ,下降 2 0dB 19耳 ;下降 30～ 4 0dB 12耳。结果　造成术后并发症的主要原因为骨性外耳道开放不足 ,继发感染 ,鼓膜外侧愈合 ,未掌握面神经畸形的解剖特征。 4 3耳进行了再手术 ,其中包括外耳道口狭窄 2 4耳 ,外耳道狭窄 9耳 ,听力下降 8耳 ,面神经麻痹 1耳。与并发症出现后进行比较 ,再手术使听力有不同程度提高 :10耳听力提高了 10～ 2 0dB(2 3 3% ) ,2 1耳提高了 2 0～ 30dB(4 8 8% ) ,12耳提高了 30～ 4 0dB(2 7 9% )。面神经麻痹 1耳再手术后 2个月面神经功能恢复正常。 5耳采用保守治疗。结论　外耳道再狭窄和鼓膜的外侧愈合是造成手术后听力下降的主要原因 ,对严重的面神经畸形病例不要为了提高听力而损伤面神经     

Pneumatization of perpendicular plate of the ethmoid bone and nasal septal mucocele

Congenital aural stenosis (CAS) is one type of congenital aural atresia (CAA) and is assumed to be a relatively mild type. Although CAS may be associated with cholesteatoma in the external ear canal, little attention has been paid to this association. We present two cases of CAS with middle ear infection due to destructive cholesteatoma. Both had been followed for microtia by a plastic surgeon. These patients had already exhibited cholesteatoma on CT examination, although it had been missed before the emergence of ear symptoms, otorrhea, and otalgia. We present our cases with successive changes in CT findings over time and discuss the problems of CAS with cholesteatoma.     

先天性外耳道闭锁症术后并发症的处理

目的 探讨先天性外耳道闭锁症外科手术后并发症的原因及治疗方法。方法 1996～2002年间在北京同仁医院耳鼻咽喉科住院、经过手术治疗的先天性外耳道闭锁症446耳，术后出现并发症的47耳，分别为外耳道口狭窄、外耳道狭窄、感染引起的听力下降、单纯气导听力下降和面神经麻痹，其中听力下降10dB12耳，下降20dB19耳；下降30～40dB12耳。结果 造成术后并发症的主要原因为骨性外耳道开放不足，继发感染，鼓膜外侧愈合，未掌握面神经畸形的解剖特征。43耳进行了再手术，其中包括外耳道口狭窄24耳，外耳道狭窄9耳，听力下降8耳，面神经麻痹1耳。与并发症出现后进行比较，再手术使听力有不同程度提高：10耳听力提高了10—20dB(23．3％)，21耳提高了20～30dB(48．8％)，12耳提高了30～40dB(27．9％)。面神经麻痹1耳再手术后2个月面神经功能恢复正常。5耳采用保守治疗。结论 外耳道再狭窄和鼓膜的外侧愈合是造成手术后听力下降的主要原因，对严重的面神经畸形病例不要为了提高听力而损伤面神经。     

先天性外耳道狭窄或闭锁的治疗

目的探讨先天性外耳道狭窄、闭锁的手术治疗及其疗效。方法回顾性分析1996年5月～2011年8月我科手术治疗先天性外耳道狭窄、闭锁患者116耳。结果所有病例均有不同程度的听骨链畸形,其中锤砧融合者67耳,锤骨或砧骨缺如者31耳,前庭窗闭合着9耳,足板上结构异常29耳,面神经畸形或其他异常80耳,记录不全者15耳。术后55耳(47.4%)听力提高。结论手术治疗先天性外耳道狭窄、闭锁患者是有效的治疗方法。     

Bone-anchored hearing aids (Baha) in congenital aural atresia: personal experience

Aims

Aural atresia is a congenital disease constituted by partial or complete lack of development of the external auditory canal, which is generally associated with malformations of the auricle and middle ear.Reconstruction of the auditory canal and correction of any deformities of the middle ear have yielded unpredictable results and variable functional outcomes, and there is a high rate of complications. Therefore, the use of bone-conduction hearing aids, such as the Baha, may represent a valid alternative for subjects who have conductive hearing loss with cochlear reserve that, as a rule, is fully conserved.The aim of this work is to reexamine our experience with the management of conductive and mixed hearing loss using the Baha system in children with bilateral aural atresia.

Methods

We examined 31 patients with bilateral congenital aural atresia in whom a Baha system had been implanted. The patients, 16 males and 15 females, were between 5 and 14 years of age (mean 8.7).The following parameters were assessed for each patient: mean preoperative air and bone conduction for frequencies between 0.5 and 4 kHz; mean preoperative threshold with conventional bone-conduction hearing aids; mean postoperative threshold with the Baha system; improvement in quality of life evaluated with the Glasgow Children's Benefit Inventory; rate and type of surgical complications.

Results

The mean preoperative air- and bone-conduction thresholds were 51.2 ± 12.5 and 14.1 ± 6.3 dB HL, respectively. The mean preoperative threshold with a conventional bone-conduction hearing aid was 29.3 ± 7.2 dB HL, and the mean postoperative threshold with the Baha system was 18.1 ± 7.5 dB HL. Quality of life improved for all operated patients.

Conclusions

The results of our study of the Baha system to treat patients with bilateral aural atresia were extremely satisfactory compared both with those of surgical reconstruction of the auditory canal and those of traditional bone-conduction hearing aids. Furthermore, great improvement was noted in quality of life, while the rate of complications was very low.Therefore, we are convinced that the Baha system is the treatment of choice for hearing loss due to bilateral congenital aural atresia.     

Intraoperative use of mitomycin C in fibrous atresia of the external auditory canal

The ability of mitomycin C to inhibit fibroblasts in vitro has prompted its use during standard surgical procedures as a means of preventing the development of adhesions and stenosis. We conducted a prospective study to evaluate the effectiveness of topical mitomycin C in maintaining an open external auditory canal in 6 ears of 4 patients with aural fibrotic atresia who were undergoing meatoplasty. During the procedure, we applied 1 ml of mitomycin C (0.4 mg/ml) for 4 minutes to the external auditory canal (in 1 case, mitomycin C was reapplied to an ear 1 month later). Between 3 and 14 months postoperatively, the patency of the ear canal was assessed visually and hearing was evaluated audiometrically. Adequate patency was achieved in 5 of the 6 ears (83.3%), and the air-bone gap in these 5 ears had improved to 10 dB or less. No postoperative complications or sensorineural hearing loss was observed. In this very limited number of cases, we found that the intraoperative use of mitomycin C appeared to have been helpful in preventing scarring in both congenital and secondary fibrotic atresias of the external auditory canal. These preliminary results are encouraging, and a prospective, placebo-controlled study appears to be warranted.