超声造影在附件区肿块良恶性鉴别诊断中的应用

目的:评价超声造影 (CEUS)在常规超声(US)不能鉴别诊断的附件区良恶性包块中的应用价值.方法:2010年8月30日至2011年1月31日间,对US未能显示出病灶特征,良恶性鉴别诊断困难的附件区包块24例患者再行CEUS.回顾性分析其临床病理资料.结果:19例经穿刺或/和外科手术病检证实、5例经临床诊断(诊断性治疗、复查和随访)证实:卵巢恶性肿瘤13例、良性包块11例(良性肿瘤9例、附件炎性包块2例).CEUS诊断13例恶性肿瘤准确率100%,敏感性100%(13/13);诊断良性包块9例正确,2例误诊(粘液性囊腺瘤诊断为粘液性囊腺癌),特异性82%(9/11);CEUS鉴别附件区良、恶性包块的准确性为92%(22/24).结论:CEUS可敏感显示US不能鉴别诊断的附件区良、恶性包块的病变特征,有助于良/恶性质的诊断与鉴别诊断.     

超声造影对乳腺 BI-RADS 4类结节鉴别诊断价值

目的:研究超声造影对乳腺 BI-RADS 4类结节良恶性的鉴别诊断价值。方法:回顾性分析本院60例乳腺 BI-RADS 4类结节常规超声及超声造影检查资料,观察乳腺超声造影增强模式,分析良恶性结节之间超声造影增强特征的差异,并与穿刺活检或术后病理结果对照。结果:乳腺良恶性结节超声造影增强过程中其增强强度、增强时间、增强完整性方面有显著性差异（P<0.05）,但在超声造影增强过程中增强顺序、增强均匀性方面尚未发现有显著差异（P>0.05）。常规超声 BI-RADS对乳腺良恶性结节诊断效能的的灵敏度、特异度、阳性预测值、阴性预测值分别为81.8%（18/22)、73.7%(28/38)、64%(18/28)和87.5%（28/32）,超声造影判断乳腺 US BI-RADS 4类结节良恶性的灵敏度、特异度、阳性预测值、阴性预测值分别为90.9%(20/22)、86.8%(33/38)、88.0%(22/25)和94.3%（33/35）。超声造影对乳腺良恶性结节的诊断价值与病理结果的Kappa 值为0.75,具有较好的一致性。结论:乳腺超声造影不同增强特征对乳腺 BI-RADS 4类结节良恶性判断有较高的准确性,在指导临床治疗策略方面具有明确的应用价值。     

常规超声联合超声造影诊断甲状腺乳头状癌的体会

目的：评价常规超声（US）、超声造影（CEUS）及二者联合诊断甲状腺乳头状癌（papillary thyroid car-cinoma,PTC）的价值。方法：回顾性分析80例甲状腺实性单发结节的 US 特征及 CEUS 表现。评价 US、CEUS及二者联合应用诊断甲状腺 PTC 的价值。结果：US 组诊断敏感度、特异度及准确率分别是88.0%、80.0%和85.0%,CEUS 组诊断敏感度、特异度及准确率分别是94.0%、90.0%及92.5%,二者联合应用的敏感度、特异度及准确率分别是96.7%、92.7%和94.9%。结论：典型的 PTC 结节 US 可独立做出较明确的诊断,慢进、晚增及低增强对 PTC 具有较高的价值,二者联合应用大于各自单独检查的诊断效能。     

乳腺超声BI-RADS评分系统结合超声造影对乳腺肿块良恶性判断的价值

[目的]评价超声乳腺影像学报告及数据系统fBI．RADS）诊断标准结合超声造影（CEUS）诊断乳腺肿块良恶性的价值。[方法]对120例患者共122个实性肿块行常规超声检查,按照BI．RADS评分标准进行分级诊断,然后行超声造影（CEUS）并做出诊断。比较BI—RADS分级、CEUS、BI—RADS分级＋CEUS三种方法诊断的差异。[结果]BI—RADS分级诊断与CEUS诊断组间比较,其灵敏度、特异性、准确率无统计学差异（P〉0．05）,BI．RADS分级＋CEUS诊断与单独CEUS诊断比较其灵敏度、特异性、准确率亦无统计学差异（P〉0．05）。BI—RADS分级＋CEUS诊断与单独BI—RADS分级诊断比较,其特异性、准确率差异有统计学意义（P均〈0．05）。[结论]BI-RADS分级诊断与CEUS结合可以提高超声对乳腺肿瘤的诊断效率。     

乳腺常规超声与超声造影对早期乳腺癌的诊断价值

目的探讨乳腺常规超声与超声造影对早期乳腺癌的诊断价值。方法选取2016年5月至2019年5月间西安交通大学第二附属医院收治的80例早期乳腺癌患者进行回顾性研究,所有患者分别进行常规超声检查和超声造影检查。分析良恶性乳腺肿瘤的特征,并与穿刺或术后病理结果进行比较,分析两种检测方法的诊断价值。结果超声造影结果提示,乳腺恶性肿瘤主要为不均匀增强及周边增强,乳腺良性肿瘤主要为无增强和均匀增强为主。33例患者经常规超声诊断,良性16例,恶性17例,其中误诊10例(4例误诊为良性,6例误诊为恶性); 47例患者经超声造影诊断,良性12例,恶性35例,其中误诊5例(良性误诊2例、恶性误诊3例)。常规超声诊断良恶性乳腺疾病的敏感性、特异性、阳性预测值和阴性预测值分别为64. 7%、75. 0%、73. 3%和66. 7%。超声造影诊断良恶性乳腺疾病的敏感性、特异性、阳性预测值和阴性预测值分别为94. 1%、76. 9%、91. 4%和83. 3%。超声造影的敏感度明显高于常规造影,差异有统计学意义(P <0. 05)。结论常规超声联合超声造影可提高早期乳腺癌的诊断敏感度,在早期乳腺癌的诊断以及良恶性肿瘤的鉴别诊断中有重要的临床应用价值。     

超声造影对≤4cm肾脏良恶性病变的诊断价值

目的:探讨超声造影对≤4cm肾脏良恶性病变诊断价值,提高小肾肿瘤的诊断和治疗水平.方法:回顾性分析了2007年6月至2009年10月间天津医科大学附属肿瘤医院收治的72例≤4 cm肾肿瘤住院患者超声造影(CEUS)、增强CT(CECT)的影像学特征,比较CEUS和CECT对≤4 cm肾肿瘤判断情况,比较超声造影对≤4 cm肾脏良恶性病变的增强方式,以探讨超声造影对小肾肿瘤的诊断价值.结果:超声造影将4例肾良性肿瘤误诊为肾癌,漏诊1例肾癌病例,5例不确诊;CECT将5例肾良性肿瘤误诊为肾癌,同样漏诊1例肾癌病例,14例不确诊.超声造影诊断的敏感性、特异性、准确性、阳性预测值、阴性预测值分别为93.10%、71.43%、88.89%、93.10%、71.43%,增强CT诊断的敏感性、特异性、准确性、阳性预测值、阴性预测值分别为81.03%、64.29%、77.78%、90.38%、45.00%.CEUS和CECT对≤4cm肾脏良恶性病变诊断结果比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).超声造影增强方式比较:58例肾恶性肿瘤中19例表现为快进快出,31例表现为快进慢出,3例表现为同进同出,5例表现为慢进慢出;14例肾良性肿瘤中1例表现为快进快出,3例表现为快进慢出,4例表现为同进同出,6例表现为慢进慢出,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论:CEUS可对肿瘤内微血管形态进行描述且具有特殊的增强方式,提高了诊断的敏感性、特异性、准确性、阳性预测值、阴性预测值,减少了诊断的不确定性,与CECT对≤4 cm肾脏良恶性病变判断比较,超声造影优于增强CT,为我们临床医生选择手术方式提供更加可靠的诊断依据.     

超声造影对桥本氏甲状腺炎背景下良恶性结节的诊断价值

目的:探讨超声造影(CEUS)对桥本氏甲状腺炎(HT)背景下甲状腺结节的诊断价值.方法:对78例(101个)经手术病理证实的桥本氏甲状腺炎背景下甲状腺结节的超声造影,采用 TomTec 软件进行量化分析,获得造影参数:始增时间、达峰时间和最大峰值强度,比较良性组与恶性组之间的差异.结果:HT背景下101个结节中,良性63个,恶性38个.恶性结节的超声造影增强特征以不均匀增强、低增强为主,良性结节以环状增强、均匀增强、等增强多见.超声造影参数恶性组与良性组始增时间(AT)、达峰时间(TTP)差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),峰值强度(IMAX)的差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).CEUS诊断HT背景下甲状腺结节的敏感性、特异性、阳性预测值、阴性预测值和准确性分别为92.1%、95.2%、92.1%、95.2%、94.1%.结论:超声造影可以提高桥本氏甲状腺炎背景下甲状腺结节的诊断准确性.     

血清TSH与超声造影联合评分法对TI-RADS 4类甲状腺微小结节良恶性的诊断价值

目的:探讨血清促甲状腺激素（thyroid stimulating hormone,TSH）与超声造影(contrast-enhanced ultrasound,CEUS)联合评分法在甲状腺超声影像报告和数据系统（thyroid imaging reporting and data system,TI-RADS）4类微小结节良恶性诊断中的应用价值。方法:回顾性分析300个TI-RADS 4类甲状腺微小结节（最大径≤1.0 cm）的血清TSH水平及超声造影特征,分别对每个结节进行赋值评分,与病理检查结果进行对照,构建ROC曲线,比较TSH法、CEUS法及二者联合评分法对TI-RADS 4类微小结节良恶性的诊断价值。结果:根据ROC曲线分析,联合评分法以6分作为诊断截点,敏感性与特异性分别为77.34%、81.40%,AUC值为0.867（95%CI:0.823~0.903）。联合法诊断效能高于TSH法和CEUS法,差异具有统计学意义（P值均＜0.01）。结论:TSH与CEUS联合评分法对TI-RADS 4类甲状腺微小结节良恶性诊断具有较高的价值,值得临床推广应用。     

超声造影检查在乳腺BI-RADS 4类的乳腺肿块良恶性鉴别诊断中的价值

目的:探讨超声造影检查在常规超声诊断为乳腺BI-RADS 4类的乳腺肿块良恶性鉴别诊断中的价值。方法:对2016年7月至2017年10月在西安交通大学第一附属医院门诊就诊并经常规超声诊断为乳腺BI-RADS 4类的76例患者共76个乳腺肿块进行超声造影检查,以穿刺活检或手术切除病理结果为金标准建立诊断试验分析。结果:最终病理证实良性病变53例（良性组）,恶性病变23例（恶性组）。超声造影特点如形态不规则、边界不清晰、有穿入或扭曲血管、对比剂不均匀性增强、内部有充盈缺损及造影后面积较二维增大在恶性组的比例显著高于良性组,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。超声造影诊断乳腺BI-RADS 4类病灶良恶性鉴别诊断的敏感度、特异度及准确性分别为96%、85%和88%。结论:良恶性乳腺肿块的超声造影特征明显不同,超声造影可以有效鉴别BI-RADS 4类乳腺病灶的良恶性,有望提高穿刺活检的恶性检出率。     

超声造影联合声辐射力脉冲成像在周围型肺占位中的临床应用价值研究

目的 探讨超声造影(Contrast enhanced ultrasonography, CEUS)联合声辐射力脉冲成像(Acoustic radiation force impulse, ARFI)诊断周围型肺占位的临床应用价值。方法 回顾性研究2019年1月—2021年6月在哈尔滨医科大学附属第二医院接受手术或活检病理确诊的51例周围型肺部病变患者，分析他们在常规超声、CEUS和ARFI检查中病灶的相关数据，评估并比较CEUS、ARFI及两者联合应用鉴别良恶性占位的诊断效能。结果 肿块是否为类圆形在常规超声下良恶性组间有统计学差异(P<0.01)。恶性占位在CEUS中的始增时间(Rise time, RT)比良性占位RT更长且达峰时间(Time to peak, TTP)更短(P<0.05)。在ARFI检查中恶性占位的剪切波速度(Shear wave velocity, SWV)明显高于良性占位(P=0.04)。CEUS中占位RT和TTP分别超过10.5 s及19.5 s时诊断为恶性的敏感度为77.4%,特异度为85.0%,准确性72.5%。ARFI检查中占位SWV均值...     

Ultrasonography of breast hamartomas

The authors present the breast ultrasound findings of nine women with mammographic abnormalities typical of breast hamartomas. Two of the mammographically detected hamartomas could not be identified at breast ultrasound. Six hamartomas were well-circumscribed masses of heterogeneous echogenicity with no posterior acoustic shadowing. One lesion was a well-defined hypo-echoic mass with no posterior shadowing. We conclude that many mammographically and clinically detected hamartomas can be clearly identified at breast ultrasound. The breast sonographer should be aware of the spectrum of appearances that may occur. When a breast abnormality has the characteristic mammographic appearances of a hamartoma, it may be counterproductive to perform an additional breast ultrasound.     

皮肤钙化上皮瘤的超声诊断体会

[目的]回顾性分析皮肤钙化上皮瘤超声声像图特征,加深对该病的认识及提高超声诊断率。[方法]61例病例均进行超声检查,并手术后经病理证实,对其资料进行分析。[结果]皮肤钙化上皮瘤好发于青少年,多见于头面颈部(65.08%),肿块均位于皮下,钙化现象是该病的一个特征性表现。超声提示钙化上皮瘤2个,钙化上皮瘤可能37个,误诊24个。[结论]皮肤钙化上皮瘤在超声图像上有特征性表现,超声检查对临床诊断有较大帮助。     

Ultrasonography in Acute Upper Abdomen

100 patients presenting with acute right upper quadrant pain were examined with plain radiography and gray scale ultrasonography. These findings were correlated with surgical and histopathological findings in the 40 patients who underwent surgery. In the remaining 60 patients, laboratory and clinical data along with other investigations like oral cholecystography (OCG) and percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography (PTC) were correlated with the ultrasonographic findings. In the final analysis of 100 patients, 49 patients were found to have gall bladder disease i.e. acute cholecystitis with cholelithiasis if, acute acalculous cholecystitis², cholecystitis with cholelithiasis21, and cholelithiasis alone¹². Amoebic liver abscess was seen in 19 patients, acute pancreatitis in 5 patients and pyonephrosis in 4 patients. Normal abdominal scans indicating no obvious cause for right upper quadrant pain were seen in 23 patients. The value of ultrasonography in defining morphology of the above-mentioned conditions is discussed.     

Ultrasonography in Oncology a Review

The applications of ultrasonography (US) in oncology have rapidly increased during the past few years. Technical improvements, development of new technologies, easy availability, and non-invasiveness are some of the reasons for the rapid diffusion of US. Nowadays a large number of malignancies, both superficial and deep-seated, can be examined by US. In order to give an overview of the present role of US in oncology it is necessary to discuss many different topics including tissue characterization, diagnostic role, staging, follow-up and future developments.     

Ultrasonography of Cystic Liver Disease

Seven patients presenting with space occupying lesion within the liver are described. Each when examined with Gray Scale Ultrasound was found to have a sono-lucent appearance. One patient had polycystic disease, two patients had an abscess within the liver, two had hydatid cysts within the liver and two had tumours. The differentiating features between hydatid cysts and liver abscesses and the sono-lucent appearance of the two tumours are emphasised. The possibility of confusion with cyst-like lesions in the near-by extra-hepatic vicinity is also discussed.     

Ultrasonography of non-endocrine neck masses

Though clinical examination is usually adequate for making a probable diagnosis in neck swellings, yet in a good number of situations this doesn’t happen. The useful modality of ultrasonography was applied in thirty such cases. The use of this investigative techneque helped n;ot only to determine the true nature of the swellings and its relation to vital adjacent structures, but also aided in making decision regarding early surgical treatment of inflammatory swelling.     

B型超声在肝癌手术中的应用

本文报告B超在11例肝癌手术中的应用。共发现18个癌灶。最大直径15cm,最小直径0,2cm。大于3cm的9个癌灶已被术前B超,CT和术中B超检出,其中4例经探查大体判断无法切除,但在术中B超引导下切除成功。小于2cm的9个癌灶,术前B超、CT无一发现,其中4个虽经手术探查亦未能看到或摸到,经由术中B超检出。本文详细描述了肝癌与脉管间的关系和癌灶的声像图特征,同时还就术中B超对肝癌诊断及手术应用价值进行了讨论。     

Staging Abdominal Ultrasonography in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma

Abdominal ultrasonograms were performed on 81 unselected patients with newly-diagnosed nasopharyngeal carcinoma without clinical evidence of distant metastases. Two patients had ultrasongraphic features suspicious of, but not diagnostic of, hepatic metastases. One of these two patients developed hepatic metastases six months after the examination while the other was free of metastases at follow-up 33 months afterwards. Of the 79 patients without evidence of metastases on ultrasonogram, two developed hepatic metastases after 22 and 32 months. Based on these results, we do not recommend abdominal ultrasonography as a routine staging investigation for nasopharyngeal carcinoma.     

肝脏局灶性结节性增生的超声表现

目的 总结肝脏局灶性结节性增生(FNH)的超声表现,探讨超声检查的诊断价值.方法 14例肝脏局灶性结节性增生患者均经病理证实,共16个病灶接受了二维灰阶超声及彩色多普勒超声检查.结果 14例16个病灶的二维灰阶超声检出率为100%.二维灰阶超声显示10个病灶位于肝右叶,5个病灶位于肝左叶,1例病灶位于肝左叶与右叶之间.6个病灶表现为等或稍低回声,8个病灶为低回声,2个病灶为高回声.12个病灶探及较丰富彩色多普勒动脉频谱,4个病灶血流呈现轮辐状;峰值流速为26.1～121.6cm/s,均值为58.5 cm/s;阻力指数(RI)为0.36～0.81,均值为0.51.所有患者的AFP均为阴性.结论 肝脏局灶性结节性增生具有较为特殊的超声表现,结合其AFP为阴性,可提高超声检查的诊断率.