深圳宝安区农民工职业病危害防护知识知晓情况调查

目的 了解深圳宝安区农民工对职业病危害防护相关知识知晓情况.方法 采用多阶段容量比例抽样方法 选择40家工厂企业的l8岁及以上的农民工,采用统一调查表进行问卷调查.调查内容包括农民工一般情况、职业卫生知识知晓情况、职业卫生态度、获取职业病防治法及职业卫生知识途径.结果 共调查8 014名农民工,其对职业病诊断部门、职业性体检医疗机构等10项基本职业卫生知识平均知晓率为33.1%,其中37.8%、39.0%农民工分别知道职业病诊断部门、职业性体检医疗机构;仅有7.5%的农民工了解<职业病防治法>;89.2%、88.6%的农民工分别认为企业有必要组织员工学习职业病防护相关知识、政府相关部门有必要对企业进行职业病危害因素监督检查;62.0%的农民工表示从事现职业时,被用人单位告知职业病危害因素;63.2% 的农民工表示单位组织接触职业危害因素的农民工进行定期的职业健康体检;48.0%的农民工在工作过程中经常使用单位为其提供的防护用品;35.2%的员工参加过企业组织的职业病防护相关知识的学习培训.获取职业病防治法及职业卫生知识途径依次是电视、广播 、宣传栏、报纸、卫生部门的宣传、企业培训、网络.结论 深圳地区农民工对职业病危害防护相关知识认知情况较差,而农民工、工厂企业都有积极了解职业病防护相关知识的态度,应加强职业卫生法规的宣传及职业卫生服务能力的建设,有针对性地开展健康教育.     

岗前职业健康体检者职业卫生知识、态度、需求分析

目的了解岗前人员职业卫生知识、态度和需求情况,提高岗前人员的职业防护意识,为今后更好地实施职业健康促进提供参考依据。方法对2013年10月-2014年12月来自不同类型、不同行业的在乌鲁木齐市疾病预防控制中心进行岗前职业健康体检者作为调查对象,发放调查问卷,收集调查资料。结果发放调查问卷436例,收回调查问卷415例(95.18%),有效问卷403例(97.11%)。调查对象对职业防护措施、职业有害因素的类型与危害和劳动者应享有的职业健康权利等方面的知晓率均较低,分别为29.53%、32.26%和34.24%。不同人群特征调查对象职业卫生知识得分情况表现在随着年龄的增长职业病防治知识获知率下降,民族中以维吾尔族职业病防治知识得分偏低,随着受教育的程度越高职业病防治知识知晓得分越高。在职业病防治态度方面表现为不同年龄、不同民族和不同文化程度得分差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。在健康教育需求模式上,更多的人愿意通过QQ群、微信的方式提供咨询服务,其次是专业老师授课方式。结论岗前职业健康体检人员职业病防治知识知晓率较低,对职业卫生健康教育的需求较高,需要加大、加强健康促进工作。     

乌鲁木齐市岗前健康体检者职业卫生知识、态度、需求分析

目的了解岗前人员职业卫生知识、态度和需求情况,为有针对性地开展岗前培训,提高新就职人员的职业防护意识和知识提供参考依据。方法将1年中来自不同类型、不同行业的企业中所有进行岗前职业健康体检者作为调查对象,发放调查问卷,收集相关信息。结果发放调查问卷436例,收回调查问卷415例(95.18%),有效问卷403例(97.11%)。调查对象对职业防护措施、职业有害因素的类型与危害和劳动者应享有的职业健康权利等方面的知晓率均较低,分别为29.53%、32.26%和34.24%。随着年龄的增长,调查对象职业卫生知识得分下降;不同年龄和不同文化程度职业病防治态度得分差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。更多的人愿意通过QQ群、微信的方式提供咨询服务,其次是专业老师授课方式。结论岗前职业健康体检人员职业病防治知识知晓率较低,对职业卫生健康教育的需求较高,需要我们加大岗前培训力度,尤其是年龄大,文化程度低,以及维吾尔族从业人员。     

上海市宝山区基本职业卫生服务工作探索

目的探索适合辖区现状的基本职业卫生服务模式。方法 2010—2011年,在宝山区内对职业病危害企业进行摸底调查,并建立健全多部门合作的组织网络,完善保障措施,开展职业健康监护、职业病危害因素检测、职业卫生宣传教育,加强职业卫生监督,推进基本职业卫生服务工作。结果全区排摸职业病危害企业1 090家,其中职业病严重危害企业271家,一般危害企业779家。企业职工总数为125 301人,其中接触危害因素的职工共28 712人,占职工总数的22.9%。经过2年试点工作,宝山区职业健康监护率达到94.6%,比试点前(54.2%)增加了40.4%。职业病危害因素检测与评价覆盖率54.5%,比试点前(31.1%)增加了23.4%。职业病防治法律法规相关内容知晓率由培训前78.4%提高到培训后95.1%;不同岗位接触职业病危害因素种类部分知晓率由54.9%提高到85.2%;职业病危害个人防护部分知晓率由80.2%提高到98.1%。职业病危害项目申报率100%,比试点前(45.1%)增加了54.9%;中小企业职业卫生监督检查覆盖率达100%。结论通过2 a的积极探索,宝山区基本职业卫生服务工作取得一定成效,职业病危害因素检测与评价覆盖率、职业健康检查覆盖率、职业卫生监督覆盖率、职业卫生知识知晓率等都得到提高。多部门合作是适合宝山区基本职业卫生服务的工作模式。     

煤矿企业员工职业卫生认知及需求调查

目的了解煤矿企业员工对职业卫生的认知及需求.方法以问卷的方式对煤矿企业员工进行职业卫生相关问题调查.结果 40.95%人知晓职业病防治法,仅4.22%的人认为接触职业病危害因素者要做上岗前体检,84.98%的人认为定期体检是必要的,27.06%的人知晓健康促进的内涵.444人提出了774个关于职业健康的问题和建议,问题主要集中在工作环境的治理.结论煤矿企业员工职业卫生知识普及、宣传、培训不够,企业员工对部分职业卫生知识知晓率较低,应加强对企业员工的职业卫生知识培训和健康教育.     

北京朝阳区381家企业职业健康状况调查

通过问卷调查方式,对朝阳区存在职业病危害因素的企业进行职业健康状况调查,381家企业中有109家(28.61%)为工人进行职业健康体检;粉尘职业健康体检率为26.82%、化学毒物职业健康体检率56.99%、物理因素职业健康体检率45.60%。内资企业占有比例较大(93.70%),接触职业病危害因素人数占职工总数的73.57%,应检岗位数占67.69%。朝阳区职业健康状况不容乐观,不同经济类型和行业企业的职业健康体检差异较大,本次调查为今后的职业卫生服务重点提供重要信息。 更多还原     

某大型纺织企业职工职业卫生知识知晓情况调查

目的 对某大型纺织企业职工的职业卫生知识知晓情况进行摸底调查,为今后开展职业卫生干预和管理提供科学依据。 方法 对该企业153名接触职业病危害因素的一线工人进行问卷调查,内容包括企业基本情况、职业卫生服务现状和职工职业健康知识与意识等。 结果 该企业的上岗前职业健康检查率、在岗期间职业健康检查率、职业卫生培训率、个体防护用品使用率、职业危害告知率、工作场所有害因素的知晓率、职业健康相关知识的需求率分别为90.85%、64.71%、43.80%、84.97%、66.01%、71.90%、92.16%。学历较高(高中及以上)、非农业户籍职工的职业卫生服务需求率分别高于学历较低职工和农业户籍职工(χ2=22.06、4.09,P<0.01或0.05)。 结论 工作场所职业病危害告知和职业卫生培训等方面是该企业的薄弱环节。企业应使职业卫生管理工作形成体系,并加大对职工的培训和宣传力度。     

2010年临朐县企业职业病危害状况及服务需求调查

[目的]了解临朐县企业职业病危害与职业卫生的服务需求状况,为制定职业卫生管理机制和应对策略提供依据。[方法]2010年3~5月,选择临朐县91家存在职业病危害因素的企业,对工作场所有害因素进行检测,对工人进行职业健康体检和职业健康服务需求调查。[结果]在91家企业合计检测2 263个点,职业病危害因素合格的2 114个点,平均合格率为93.42%。检测合格率,噪声为91.51%,空气总粉尘为96.45%,一氧化碳为99.38%,二氧化碳为100.00%,硫酸为96.30%,氢氧化钠为96.15%,苯(甲苯、二甲苯)为86.49%,甲醛为6/6,硫化氢为9/9,高温为94.74%,氯气为5/5。检查接触噪声的1 838人,纯音听力异常率为32.10%,其中职业性听力损伤观察对象检出率为28.89%,轻度听力损伤罹患率为2.99%,中度听力损伤罹患率为0.22%;检查接触苯的815人,苯中毒观察对象检出率为3.56%,慢性轻度苯中毒检出率为0.98%,慢性中度苯中毒检出率为0.12%;检查接触粉尘的718人,观察对象检出率为0.28%。在8 752名调查对象中,上岗前、在岗期间接受过职业安全卫生知识培训的分别占41.00%、12.85%。[结论]临朐县企业存在较严重的职业病危害因素,职业卫生服务水平有待提高。     

某供电企业员工职业卫生知识认知与需求情况

目的调查某供电企业员工对职业卫生知识的认知和需求情况,为有针对性地开展供电作业场所健康促进工作奠定基础。方法随机整群抽取某供电企业400名员工,以调查问卷的方式进行职业卫生相关问题调查。结果员工对《中华人民共和国职业病防治法》知晓率为75．2％;员工对自己所在岗位存在的职业病危害因素知晓率为59．0％;35．2％的员工提出了防止职业病危害的建议措施;员工对职业病及工作相关疾病症状及防治知识的需求率为53．7％。结论员工对职业卫生知识认知度较高,但对职业病及其防治措施知识仍有较大的需求。供电企业应针对员工需求开展职业卫生相关领域知识培训,并进行健康促进干预。     

乌鲁木齐市石油化工行业女工职业卫生知识知晓情况调查

目的了解乌鲁木齐市石油化工女工职业卫生知识知晓情况,为制定职业健康教育及行为干预措施提供依据。方法采取整群抽样方法对乌鲁木齐市石油化工行业中接触职业卫生危害因素的女职工进行问卷调查。结果 567名石油化工行业女工职业卫生知识总体知晓率为42.44%,对列出的职业卫生知识条目全部知晓的有16人(占2.82%)。职业卫生各项知识的知晓率最高的是对职业卫生定义的正确理解,为62.43%。知晓率最低的是对工作中职业防护措施有哪些,为29.28%。职业卫生知识的总体得分为3.40±1.94。不同年龄段的被调查女工在"工作中接触到的职业卫生危害因素有哪些"和"岗前体检的强制性"这两个知识点上知晓率差异有统计学意义(P0.05),表现为年龄大者知晓率高。不同文化程度的被调查女工在"工作中接触到的职业卫生危害因素有哪些"、"所从事的工种职业健康检查的周期是多久"、"职业健康体检与一般体检的区别"和"岗前体检的强制性"这4个知识点上知晓率差异有统计学意义(P0.05),表现为高中/大专文化程度者知晓率高。不同工种的被调查女工在"工作中接触到的职业卫生危害因素有哪些"、"职业健康体检与一般体检的区别"和"岗前体检的强制性"这3个知识点上知晓率差异有统计学意义(P0.05),表现为外操工知晓率高。不同工龄的被调查女工在"职业健康体检与一般体检的区别"和"岗前体检的强制性"这2个知识点上知晓率差异有统计学意义(P0.05),表现为工龄长者知晓率高。结论乌鲁木齐市石油化工女工职业卫生知识知晓率低,应加强和有针对性地开展职业卫生培训和宣教。     

Heat-related illnesses, deaths, and risk factors--Cincinnati and Dayton, Ohio, 1999, and United States, 1979-1997

During the summer of 1999, a heat wave occurred in the midwestern and eastern United States. This period of hot and humid weather persisted from July 12 through August 1, 1999, and caused or contributed to 22 deaths among persons residing in Cincinnati (18 deaths) and Dayton (four deaths). A CDC survey of 24 U.S. metropolitan areas indicated that Ohio recorded some of the highest rates for heat-related deaths during the 1999 heat wave, with Cincinnati reporting 21 per million and Dayton reporting seven per million (CDC, unpublished data, 1999). This report describes four heat-related deaths representative of those that occurred in Cincinnati or Dayton during the 1999 heat wave, summarizes heat-related deaths in the United States during 1979-1997, describes risk factors associated with heat-related illness and death, and recommends preventive measures.     

International standards and international reference preparations: amphotericin B, vancomycin, capreomycin, cefalotin, demethylchlortetracycline, gentamycin, gramicidin S, kanamycin and kanamycin B, lincomycin, lymecycline, methacycline, paromomycin, rifamycin SV, ristocetin and ristocetin B, spiramycin, and triacetyloleandomycin

Each of the preparations described here was obtained and evaluated at the request of a WHO Expert Committee on Biological Standardization. Unless otherwise stated, a standard procedure was used to distribute the material into individual ampoules. The procedure was as follows. Upon receipt by the National Institute for Medical Research (NIMR), London, materials were stored temporarily in the dark at a temperature of -10°C or lower, and protected from moisture. At a convenient time they were brought back to room temperature, mixed, and distributed into individual neutral glass ampoules so that each ampoule contained 50-100 mg of powder. If it was known that the material was light-sensitive non-actinic glass ampoules were used. After exhaustive drying in vacuum over phosphorus(V) oxide, the ampoules were either constricted (up to 1963) or fitted with capillary leak plugs, dried for a further period under the same conditions, filled with dry nitrogen, and sealed by fusion of the glass. The total drying period varied from 8 to 38 days according to the nature of the material. After they had been tested for leaks, the ampoules were stored in the dark at -20°C.     

Zinc, copper, and magnesium and risks for all-cause, cancer, and cardiovascular mortality

BACKGROUND: Experimental data suggest that zinc, copper, and magnesium are involved in carcinogenesis and atherogenesis. Few longitudinal studies have related these minerals to cancer or cardiovascular disease mortality in a population. METHODS: Data from the Paris Prospective Study 2, a cohort of 4035 men age 30-60 years at baseline, were used to assess the association between serum zinc, copper, and magnesium and all-cause, cancer, and cardiovascular disease mortality. Serum mineral values measured at baseline were divided into quartiles and classified into low (1st quartile, referent group), medium (2nd-3rd quartiles), and high (4th quartile) values. During 18-year follow up, 339 deaths occurred, 176 as a result of cancer and 56 of cardiovascular origin. Relative risks (RRs) for each element were inferred using Cox's proportional hazard model after controlling for various potential confounders. RESULTS: High copper values (4th quartile) were associated with a 50% increase in RRs for all-cause deaths (RR = 1.5; 95% confidence interval = 1.1-2.1), a 40% increase for cancer mortality (1.4; 0.9-2.2), and a 30% increase for cardiovascular mortality (1.3; 0.6-2.8) compared with low values (1st quartile). High magnesium values were negatively related to mortality with a 40% decrease in RR for all-cause (0.6; 0.4-0.8) and cardiovascular deaths (0.6; 0.2-1.2) and by 50% for cancer deaths (0.5; 0.3-0.8). Additionally, subjects with a combination of low zinc and high copper values had synergistically increased all-cause (2.6; 1.4-5.0) and cancer (2.7; 1.0-7.3) mortality risks. Similarly, combined low zinc and high magnesium values were associated with decreased all-cause (0.2; 0.1-0.5) and cancer (0.2; 0.1-0.8) mortality risks. CONCLUSIONS: High serum copper, low serum magnesium, and concomitance of low serum zinc with high serum copper or low serum magnesium contribute to an increased mortality risk in middle-aged men.     

Professional and Consumer Publications, Programs, Audiovisuals, and Software

Books, curricula, audiovisuals, and other resources that nutrition professionals may use for reference, continuing education, or in a formal or informal education setting are designated “professional.” Books, handouts, diet plans, and other resources specified by authors as being written for general audiences are categorized as “consumer.” Inclusion of any material in this section does not imply endorsement by the Society for Nutrition Education. Evaluative comments contained in the reviews reflect the views of the authors. Prices quoted are those provided by the publishers at the time materials were submitted. They may no longer be current when the review is published.