不同剂量缬沙坦对缺血性心肌病心力衰竭的疗效观察

目的研究不同剂量缬沙坦在缺血性心肌病心力衰竭治疗中对血浆BNP浓度及心功能的影响。方法选择缺血性心肌病充血性心力衰竭患者36例和健康对照组20例,在常规治疗基础上心力衰竭组随机分为小剂量治疗组和稍大剂量治疗组,观察不同剂量缬沙坦对缺血性心肌病心功能及左室大小的影响。结果两组血浆BNP值治疗后1周、4周、12周与治疗前相比显著降低明显。稍大剂量治疗组在治疗4周和12周时血浆BNP值比小剂量治疗组显著降低。LVEF值在1周时与治疗前无统计学差异,4周和12周时显著高于治疗前,且稍大剂量组高于小剂量组,两组LVSDd值在1周和4周时与治疗前无显著差异,12周时显著高于治疗前,稍大剂量治疗组在12周时LVEF及LVSDd均较小剂量组有显著改善。结论在常规药物治疗的基础上使用缬沙坦可显著改善缺血性心肌病心力衰竭患者的心功能。加大缬沙坦剂量,其心功能改善程度更为明显,并可显著改善左室重构。     

不同剂量缬沙坦对缺血性心肌病心力衰竭疗效观察

目的研究不同剂量缬沙坦在缺血性心肌病心力衰竭治疗中对血浆脑钠肽(BNP)浓度及心功能的影响。方法选择缺血性心肌病充血性心力衰竭患者36例和健康对照组20例,在常规治疗基础上心力衰竭组随机分为小剂量治疗组和稍大剂量治疗组,治疗12周,应用心脏彩色超声仪监测治疗前及用药后1、4、12周左心室射血分数(LVEF)及左心室舒张末径(LVSDd)指标变化,并在相应时间段抽血测血浆BNP浓度,观察不同剂量缬沙坦对缺血性心肌病心功能及左心室大小的影响。结果 2组血浆BNP值治疗后1、4、12周与治疗前比较显著降低。稍大剂量治疗组在治疗4周和12周时血浆BNP值比小剂量治疗组显著降低。LVEF值1周时与治疗前差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),4周和12周时显著高于治疗前,且稍大剂量组高于小剂量组,2组LVSDd值在1周和4周时与治疗前差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),12周时显著高于治疗前,稍大剂量治疗组在12周时LVEF及LVSDd均较小剂量组有显著改善。结论在常规药物治疗的基础上使用缬沙坦可显著改善缺血性心肌病心力衰竭患者的心功能。加大缬沙坦剂量,其心功能改善程度更为明显,并可显著改善左心室重构。     

研究磷酸肌酸钠对缺血性心肌病患者心功能及心律失常的影响

目的观察磷酸肌酸钠治疗缺血性心肌病的临床疗效,并研究其对缺血性心肌病患者心功能及心律失常的影响。方法选取2011年9月～2013年3月本院收治的200例缺血性心肌病患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析,将所有患者随机均分为对照组100例,行常规治疗;治疗组100例,在常规治疗的基础上加用磷酸肌酸钠治疗。治疗2周后比较两组患者治疗前后观察指标的变化。结果治疗前两组患者的各项指标比较,差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）;治疗2周后,两组的各项观察指标较治疗前均有显著提高,但治疗组明显优于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论在常规治疗的基础上加用磷酸肌酸钠治疗,可以很好的改善缺血性心肌病患者的心功能和心律失常,值得临床推广应用。     

益气复脉注射液治疗缺血性心肌病心力衰竭患者的疗效观察

目的评价益气复脉注射液治疗缺血性心肌病心力衰竭患者临床疗效。方法将入选56例缺血性心肌病心力衰竭患者随机分为常规治疗组和应用益气复脉注射液组,益气复脉组在常规组治疗基础上给予静脉滴注益气复脉2.6 g溶于5%葡萄糖液250 m L,每天1次,连续应用2周。观察治疗前后NYHA心功能分级、NT-pro BNP值、左室射血分数(LVEF)变化。结果治疗前后两组别患者临床主要症状体征均明显好转,治疗组胸闷、气短、活动耐力改善较对照组更明显。NYHA心功能分级比较:两组患者治疗后NYHA心功能分级均显著改善。结论常规西药治疗基础上加用中药益气复脉注射液,可显著改善缺血性心肌病心力衰竭患者的临床症状。     

磷酸肌酸钠对缺血性心肌病患者心功能和心律失常的影响

目的探讨磷酸肌酸钠对缺血性心肌病患者心功能及心律失常的影响。方法缺血性心脏病心功能不全患者86例,随机分为磷酸肌酸钠治疗组(实验组,n=43)以及常规治疗组(对照组,n=43),应用彩色多普勒超声心动图检测患者左室射血分数、左室收缩末直径、左室舒张末直径;应用24小时动态心电图检测患者室性心律失常情况;用药治疗2周,观察治疗前后指标变化。结果治疗2周后两组患者左室射血分数均较治疗前升高,左室收缩末直径、左室舒张末直径均降低(P<0.05);同时室性心律失常的发生率降低,实验组改善幅度较对照组显著(P<0.05)。结论磷酸肌酸钠可以改善缺血性心肌病患者的心功能和心律失常。     

L-carnitine Combined with Qumei Trimetazidine in Patients with Ischemic Heart Disease Patients

目的 观察左卡尼汀联合曲美他嗪改善心力衰竭患者的心功能以及心肌保护作用.方法 将缺血性心肌病患者随机分为治疗组(117例)和对照组(117例).两组患者均给予常规冠心病二级预防及抗心力衰竭治疗.治疗组加用左卡尼汀3.0g加入5%葡萄糖溶液(糖尿病患者为木糖醇溶液)100mL静脉滴注,1次/d,疗程2周,同时应用曲美他嗪20mg/次,3次/d.比较两组治疗前和疗程结束时的心功能(LVEDD、LVESD、LVEF)和心脏标志物CKMB、TNI、H-FAB以及BNP水平.结果 治疗组患者心功能改善显著,CK-MB、TnI、H-FABP以及BNP水平显著降低.结论 联合应用左卡尼汀和曲美他嗪能有效改善缺血性心肌病的心功能,并减少心肌损伤.     

曲美他嗪对老年性缺血性扩张型心肌病的疗效观察

目的观察在常规治疗的基础上加用曲美他嗪对改善老年性缺血性扩张型心肌病心力衰竭的疗效。方法将40例符合诊断标准的老年性缺血性扩张型心肌病的患者随机分为常规治疗组（对照组）和曲美他嗪治疗组（治疗组），两组疗程均为20周，比较两组治疗前后的临床疗效、心功能分级、LVEF值、心胸比等。结果曲美他嗪治疗组临床心功能分级明显改善，LVEF值显著提高，而血压、心率无影响。结论曲美他嗪治疗能明显改善老年性缺血性扩张型心肌病患者心功能。     

生脉注射液治疗缺血性心肌病心力衰竭的疗效观察

目的观察生脉注射液治疗缺血性心肌病心力衰竭患者的临床疗效。方法将缺血性心肌病引起心力衰竭的患者50例,随机分为治疗组（27例）和对照组（23例）。对照组给予强心、利尿等常规治疗,治疗组在对照组治疗的基础上加用生脉注射液静脉滴注,疗程均为14d,观察2组心功能改善情况。结果2组治疗后心功能均有改善（P〈0.05或P〈0.01）,组间比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论生脉注射液对缺血性心肌病的心功能具有明显改善作用,值得临床应用。     

左卡尼汀联合曲美他嗪治疗缺血性心脏病患者的疗效观察

目的观察左卡尼汀联合曲美他嗪改善心力衰竭患者的心功能以及心肌保护作用。方法将缺血性心肌病患者随机分为治疗组(117例)和对照组(117例)。两组患者均给予常规冠心病二级预防及抗心力衰竭治疗。治疗组加用左卡尼汀3.0 g加入5%葡萄糖溶液(糖尿病患者为木糖醇溶液)100 mL静脉滴注,1次/d,疗程2周,同时应用曲美他嗪20 mg/次,3次/d。比较两组治疗前和疗程结束时的心功能(LVEDD、LVESD、LVEF)和心脏标志物CKMB、TNI、H-FAB以及BNP水平。结果治疗组患者心功能改善显著,CK-MB、TnI、H-FABP以及BNP水平显著降低。结论联合应用左卡尼汀和曲美他嗪能有效改善缺血性心肌病的心功能,并减少心肌损伤。     

单硝酸异山梨酯治疗30例缺血性心肌病的观察

目的 观察单硝酸异山梨酯治疗缺血性心肌病患者的疗效及价值.方法 将60例缺血型心肌病患者分为单硝酸异山酯组与对照组给予常规抗心力衰竭治疗,单硝酸异山梨组是在常规治疗组的基础上加服单硝酸异山梨酯,治疗后监测心脏彩超、临床心功能.结果 单硝酸异山梨酯组患者治疗后LVDD(左室舒张末内径)、LVEF(左室射血分数)、FS(左室缩短率)治疗前后比较差异有统计学意义,且LVEF、FS与对照组比较差异有统计学意义,单硝酸异山梨酯组有效率高于对照组.结论 单硝酸异山无酯对缺血型心肌病有确切疗效.     

Efficacy of gut lavage,hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the therapy of paraquat or diquat intoxication

Clinical and in vitro investigations were carried out to test the efficacy of gut lavage, hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the treatment of poisoning with paraquat or diquat. In a patient suffering from diquat intoxication 130 times more diquat was removed by gut lavage 30 h after ingestion than was removed by complete aspiration of the gastric contents.Determination of in vitro clearances for paraquat and diquat by hemodialysis showed that, at serum concentrations of 1–2 ppm, such as are frequently encountered in poisoning in man, toxicologically relevant quantities of herbicide cannot be removed from the body. At a concentration of 20 ppm, on the other hand, hemodialysis proved to be effective, the clearance being 70 ml/min at a blood flow rate of 100 ml/min. The efficacy of hemoperfusion with coated activated charcoal was on the whole better. Especially at concentrations around 1–2 ppm, the clearance values for hemoperfusion were some 5–7 times higher than those for hemodialysis.In a patient suffering from paraquat poisoning, both hemodialysis as well as hemoperfusion were carried out. The in vitro results could be confirmed: At serum concentrations of paraquat less than 1 ppm no clearance could be obtained by hemodialysis while by hemoperfusion with activated charcoal quite high clearance values were measured and the serum level dropped down to zero.

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Zusammenfassung Klinische Untersuchungen und Laboratoriumsversuche wurden durchgeführt, um die Wirksamkeit von Darmspülung, Hämodialyse und Hämoperfusion bei Paraquat- und Deiquat-Vergiftungen zu prüfen.Bei einem Patienten wurde 30 Std nach Deiquat-Aufnahme durch Darmspülung 130mal mehr Deiquat entfernt als durch vollständige Aspiration des Mageninhaltes. In vitro-Versuche ergaben, daß bei Blutserumkonzentrationen von 1–2 ppm, die bei Vergiftungen oft gemessen werden, durch Hämodialyse keine toxikologisch relevanten Paraquat- oder Deiquat-Mengen entfernt werden können. Dagegen erwies sich die Hämodialyse bei 20 ppm und einer Blutumlaufgeschwindigkeit von 100 ml/min mit einer Clearance von 70 ml/min als wirksam. Die Hämoperfusion mit beschicheter Aktivkohle war in diesen Versuchen aber eindeutig überlegen, denn insbesondere bei Konzentrationen um 1–2 ppm waren die Clearance-Werte 5–7mal höher als bei der Hämodialyse.Die in vitro-Ergebnisse wurden bei einem Patienten mit einer Paraquat-Vergiftung bestätigt: Bei Konzentrationen unter 1 ppm war die Hämodialyse wirkungslos, während durch Hämoperfusion relativ hohe Clearance-Werte erreicht wurden, so daß der Serumspiegel rasch unter die Nachweisgrenze abfiel.

     

In vitro studies on sterically stabilized liposomes (SL) as enzyme carriers in organophosphorus (OP) antagonism

This study describes a new approach for organophosphorous (OP) antidotal treatment by encapsulating an OP hydrolyzing enzyme, OPA anhydrolase (OPAA), within sterically stabilized liposomes. The recombinant OPAA enzyme was derived from Alteromonas strain JD6. It has broad substrate specificity to a wide range of OP compounds: DFP and the nerve agents, soman and sarin. Liposomes encapsulating OPAA (SL)* were made by mechanical dispersion method. Hydrolysis of DFP by (SL)* was measured by following an increase of fluoride ion concentration using a fluoride ion selective electrode. OPAA entrapped in the carrier liposomes rapidly hydrolyze DFP, with the rate of DFP hydrolysis directly proportional to the amount of (SL)* added to the solution. Liposomal carriers containing no enzyme did not hydrolyze DFP. The reaction was linear and the rate of hydrolysis was first order in the substrate. This enzyme carrier system serves as a biodegradable protective environment for the recombinant OP-metabolizing enzyme, OPAA, resulting in prolongation of enzymatic concentration in the body. These studies suggest that the protection of OP intoxication can be strikingly enhanced by adding OPAA encapsulated within (SL)* to pralidoxime and atropine.     

Synthesis,Cytotoxicity and Antileishmanial Activity of Some N-(2-(indol-3-yl)ethyl)-7-chloroquinolin-4-amines

We report herein the condensation of 4,7-dichloroquinoline (1) with tryptamine (2) and D-tryptophan methyl ester (3) . Hydrolysis of the methyl ester adduct (5) yielded the free acid (6) . The compounds were evaluated in vitro for activity against four different species of Leishmania promastigote forms and for cytotoxic activity against Kb and Vero cells. Compound (5) showed good activity against the Leishmania species tested, while all three compounds displayed moderate activity in both Kb and Vero cells.     

Steroidal sapogenin contents in some domestic plants

In order to find out the values of the steroid resources for the future use. the compositions and contents of steroidal sapogenins from 13 domestic plants have been investigated. As a result,Dioscorea nipponica, D. quinqueloba andSmilax china were found to have large amount of diosgenin. And pennogenin inTrillium kamtschaticum andParis verticillata, yuccagenin inAllium fistulosum, hecogenin inAgave americana and neochlorogenin inSolanum nigum were appeared to be major steroidal sapogenins.     

Aquatic Insects and Trace Metals: Bioavailability,Bioaccumulation, and Toxicity

Abstract

The uptake of metals from food and water sources by insects is thought to be additive. For a given metal, the proportions taken up from water and food will depend both on the bioavailable concentration of the metal associated with each source and the mechanism and rate by which the metal enters the insect. Attempts to correlate insect trace metal concentrations with the trophic level of insects should be made with a knowledge of the feeding relationships of the individual taxa concerned. Pathways for the uptake of essential metals, such as copper and zinc, exist at the cellular level, and other nonessential metals, such as cadmium, also appear to enter via these routes. Within cells, trace metals can be bound to proteins or stored in granules. The internal distribution of metals among body tissues is very heterogeneous, and distribution patterns tend to be both metal and taxon specific. Trace metals associated with insects can be both bound on the surface of their chitinous exoskeleton and incorporated into body tissues. The quantities of trace meals accumulated by an individual reflect the net balance between the rate of metal influx from both dissolved and particulate sources and the rate of metal efflux from the organism. The toxicity of metals has been demonstrated at all levels of biological organization: cell, tissue, individual, population, and community. Much of the literature pertaining to the toxic effects of metals on aquatic insects is based on laboratory observations and, as such, it is difficult to extrapolate the data to insects in nature. The few experimental studies in nature suggest that trace metal contaminants can affect both the distribution and the abundance of aquatic insects. Insects have a largely unexploited potential as biomonitors of metal contamination in nature. A better understanding of the physico-chemical and biological mechanisms mediating trace metal bioavailability and exchange will facilitate the development of general predictive models relating trace metal concentrations in insects to those in their environment. Such models will facilitate the use of insects as contaminant biomonitors.