抗胃食管返流手术的探讨

胃食管返流病是上消化道最常见的疾患之一，发生并发症的部分病人需外科治疗。作从1988年7月至1996年12月用各种抗返流手术方法治疗87例胃食管返流病人，其中包括77例滑动型食管裂孔症，8例短食管，2例食管旁疝。48例用Nissen胃底折叠术，11例用Belsey4号手术，3例用Collis-Nissen手术，1例用Thor手术，24例用作自己设计的贲门斜行套叠术。3例Nisson手术术后复发，全组术后复发率和并发症发生率为.9%（6/87）。从1993年开始施行贲门斜行套叠术，全部病人术后24h食管pH监测证明手术成功。结论：Nissen手术虽应用广泛，但难于操作和并发症多；相反，贲门斜行套叠术易于传播，疗效确实，有效地建立了肮返流屏障。     

抗胃食管反流手术对大鼠胃排空功能影响的实验研究

目的 观察不同抗胃食管反流手术对大鼠胃排空功能的影响。方法 将大鼠随机分为5组，A组为贲门肌层切开组，B组为贲门肌层切开后行Nissen手术，C组为贲门肌层切开后行Nissen手术并加行幽门肌层切开，D组为贲门肌层切开加贲门斜行套叠术，E组为对照组。于第4周行放射性核素胃排空功能检查，观察手术对大鼠胃排空功能的影响。结果 （1）半胃排空时间C组较B、D组快（P＜0．05），B、C、D组较E组快（P＜0．05），A组与E组无差别（P＞0．05）。（2）2h胃内放考元素潴留率测定表明，A组与E组无差别（P＞0．05），B、C、D组较E组少（P＜0．05），B、C、D组间无差别（P＞0．05）。结论 （1）抗反流手术（Nissen手术、贲门斜行套叠术）可以使半胃排空时间增快，2h胃内放射性元素潴留率减少。（2）Nissen手术加做幽门肌层切开可使半胃排空时间增快，但2h胃内放射性元素潴留率较单纯Nissen术无变化，综合考虑，行抗反流手术不必同时加行幽门肌层切开术。     

腹腔镜手术治疗胃食管反流病和贲门失弛缓症

目的:探索三种腹腔镜胃底折叠术治疗胃食管反流病及Heller肌切开术治疗贲门失弛缓症的安全性与可行性。方法:1995年12月至2004年9月,经腹腔镜手术治疗了胃食管反流病人45例和贲门失弛缓病人5例。术前常规行胃镜与上消化道钡餐检查者50例,加行食管测酸、测压检查者39例。腹腔镜单纯胃底折叠术10例(Nissen式1例,Toupet式9例);腹腔镜食管裂孔疝修补加胃底折叠术35例(Nissen式11例,Toupet式24例)。Heller肌切开术加Dor胃底折叠术5例。结果:全组病人的平均手术时间为120(60～360)min,术中平均出血量15(10～100)ml,术后日平均引流量20(10～100)ml,平均住院7(5～12)d。其中前10例使用电刀者平均用时210(180～360)min,中转开腹1例;后40例使用超声刀者平均用时100(60～180)min。术中脾被膜划破出血2例,12例Nissen式胃底折叠术后有1例出现吞咽困难,1月后缓解。42例获随访的病人中40例不再需要服药。其中5例Heller肌切开术Dor胃底折叠术病人术后第2天即可顺畅进食,且无反流。结论:与传统的经胸或经腹手术相比,腹腔镜抗反流手术治疗胃食管反流病和Heller肌切开贲门失弛缓症的病人具有心肺干扰小、麻醉难度低、创伤小、痛苦轻、并发症少、住院时间短、康复快、疗效好等突出优点。经过不断改进手术设计和加强训练可使?     

食管肌层切开术联合胃底折叠术治疗食管运动功能障碍性疾病的远期疗效

目的 比较食管肌层切开术加不同胃底折叠术式治疗贲门失弛缓症或弥漫性食管痉挛的远期效果.方法 1978年1月至1998年10月,共64例贲门失弛缓症或弥漫性食管痉挛患者经左胸行Heller手术+抗反流手术.其中21例加行Nissen全胃底折叠术(Nissen组),43例加行BelseyⅣ式部分胃底折叠术(Belsey组).患者于手术前后行影像学、食管核素排空、食管压力测定和内窥镜检查及24 h pH值监测.结果 全组无手术死亡及严重并发症.术后6年随访,Nissen组吞咽困难(P=0.025)及核素潴留(P=0.044)的发生率高于Belsey组.两种术式均可降低食管下括约肌的压力梯度.Nissen组术后食管直径较术前增加(P=0.012),而Belsey组增加不明显(P=0.695).两组烧心与反酸症状均少见.Nissen组有8例患者、Belsey组有1例患者因复发性吞咽困难需行二次手术(P＜0.01).结论 在治疗贲门失弛缓症或弥漫性食管痉挛患者时,加行全胃底折叠术可能并不适宜,而部分胃底折叠术可以提供满意的抗反流效果,且不会显著影响食管排空功能.     

抗胃食管反流外科治疗的远期疗效观察

目的探讨胃食管反流外科治疗的远期疗效。方法1988年11月至2004年1月手术治疗129例胃食管反流病(GERD),分别采用N issen手术(65例)、贲门斜行套叠术(39例)、Belsey4号手术(17例)、Toupet手术(3例)、Thal手术(1例)、Dor手术(4例)等6种方法治疗。116例得到随访,计算临床症状评分,并与术前比较。手术前后分别有95例及51例行食管压力测定检查,56例及35例行24 h食管pH值监测及DeM eester评分;术前常规行内镜检查,术后48例行内镜检查,对结果进行比较。结果在随访的116例患者中,临床症状评分由术前的(4.1±0.4)分降为术后的(1.1±1.0)分,较术前显著降低(t=27.21,P<0.01)。手术疗效优42例(36.2%),良60例(51.7%),可7例(6.0%),差7例(6.0%),手术远期优良率87.9%(102/116)。N issen、Belsey 4号和贲门斜行套叠术三者间疗效无差异。结论外科手术是治疗GERD的有效方法,N issen手术、贲门斜行套叠术和Belsey 4号手术疗效相近。     

贲门斜行套叠术─——种新的抗反流手术

作者设计了一种新的抗反流手术─—贲门斜行套叠术，在动物实验成功的基础上应用于临床，共施行１７例。方法为贲门部胃大弯侧食管与胃套叠缝合４ｃｍ，小弯侧２ｃｍ，再缝合食管胃连接部全周。术后患者仅流症状均消失，食管测压显示高压带压力较术前升高，２４小时食管ｐＨ监测无异常反流。理论上，此手术建立了食管腹段、Ｈｉｓ角和玫瑰花结，并符合ＬａＰｌａｃｅ定律。此手术经腹操作，方法简单，近期疗效确实。     

一项连续进行的362例腹腔镜Nissen胃底折叠术的研究

开腹Nissen胃底折叠术是治疗顽固性胃食管返流症（GERD）非常有效的手术。以往只有病情严重或出现了食管狭窄，误吸，甚至粘膜不典型增生等共发症时才进行手术治疗。腹腔镜的应用使得更多病人较早接受手术治疗。本文回顾6年期间作者连续进行的362例腹腔镜Nissen胃底折叠术治疗GERD的情况，以评价腹腔镜手术效果，该研究包括手术时间、住院天数、中转开腹手术数、并发症以及病人术后出现的症状。方法本组病人，男173例；女，189例，平均48岁。128例合并食道裂孔疝，114例有剖腹手术史。术前行食管胃十二指肠内窥镜、食道造影检查。无食道…     

贲门斜行套叠术—一种新的抗反流手术

作者设计了一种新的抗反流手术－贲门斜行套叠术，在动物实验成功的基础上应用于临床，共施行７例。方法为贲门总胃大弯侧食管与胃套叠缝合４ｃｍ，小弯侧２ｃｍ，再缝合食管胃连接部全周。术后患者仅流症状均消失，食管测压显示高压带压力较术前升高，２４小时食管ＰＨ监测无异常反流。理论上，此手术建立了食管腹段、Ｈｉｓ角和玫瑰花结，并符合ＬａＰｌａｃｅ定律。此手术经腹操作，方法简单，近期疗效确实。     

胃浆肌瓣覆盖式食管吻合治疗贲门失弛缓症78例体会

为防止贲门失弛缓症术后返流及狭窄,我们设计用胃浆肌瓣覆盖式食管胃吻合保留迷走神经治疗贲门失弛缓症。采用此术式治疗78例贲门失弛缓症,无手术死亡,无吻合口瘘。术后半年至1年内有25例病人行头低脚高位食管钡餐检查,吻合口2.O～2.2cm者4例,1.5～2.0cm者20例,1.3cm者1例,未见返流现象。术后1～3年,20例病人行食管镜检查,食管粘膜正常者19例,有1例轻度粘膜充血水肿。此术式效果良好,有实用价值。     

改良Nissen手术在滑动性食管裂孔疝治疗中的应用

目的评价改良Nissen手术在滑动性食管裂孔疝治疗中的应用价值。方法回顾性分析自2001年6月至2013年5月蚌埠医学院第一附属医院52例滑动性食管裂孔疝经手术治疗患者的临床资料,其中男27例、女25例,平均年龄62.13（35～84）岁。所有患者术前均行上消化道X线钡餐造影、胃镜检查确诊为滑动性食管裂孔疝,均行改良Nissen手术,即胃底上提至贲门口上方2～3 cm,包绕双层缝合固定食管180°,并置于膈肌下方。分别于术后3个月、6个月、9个月在平卧头低位下行消化道X线钡餐检查,并长期随访,以评价手术效果。结果本组均顺利完成手术,无手术死亡,患者术前存在的食管下括约肌松弛和胃酸反流,术后均明显改善。术后平均住院时间9（5～11）d。52例患者术后2周内复查上消化道X线钡餐检查,无胃食管反流。所有患者均随访,随访时间2个月至10年。除1例术后半年并发食管狭窄外,其余患者均恢复顺利,症状消失,营养及发育好转。随访期间无复发。结论改良Nissen手术是治疗滑动性食管裂孔疝的有效方法,加强食管下段高压区,折叠胃及贲门口置于膈肌下方,不仅能使胃还纳腹腔,同时还有抗反流的效果。     

先天性食管裂孔疝的诊断及外科治疗

目的：回顾性分析1991年1月至2000年2月经手术治疗的27例先天性食管裂孔疝病例,探讨其诊断,手术适应证,手术入路选择等。方法：依据胃肠钡餐造影及术中探查明确诊断及分型,全部病儿均行食管裂孔修补术,21例附加抗反流手术,其中Nissen胃底折叠术17例,Belsey术4例。经左胸入路手术9例,右胸入路3例,经腹15例。结果：手术死亡1例,失访3例。23例随访3－84个月,平均21．3个月。1例术后3个月复发,2例经右胸入路手术者有中度胃食管反流,其余效果满意。结论：1型病儿可先试行非手术治疗,其余各型应首先考虑手术。有呕吐及胃食管反流的Ⅱ型病儿应行抗反流手术。手术入路的选择与合并症有关。     

Late laparoscopic reoperation of failed antireflux procedures

Failures of antireflux procedures occur in 5% to 10% of the patients. Our objective is to report our experience with laparoscopic management of failed antireflux operations. Of 1698 patients who underwent laparoscopic treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), 53 were reoperations following either a previous open or laparoscopic antireflux procedure. The indications for surgical reoperation were persistent or recurrent GERD in 35 patients (66%), presence of paraesophageal hiatal hernia in 4 (7.5%), and severe dysphagia in 14 (26.4%). Hospital stay varied from 1 to 8 days, with an average of 1.2 days. Conversion to open laparotomy occurred in 10 patients (18.8%). The main causes for persistent or recurrent GERD were herniation (n=20) and disruption (n=12) of the fundoplication. Two patients had both herniation and disruption of the fundoplication. The main reason for severe dysphagia was tight hiatus. The most common reoperations were hiatal repair for hernia correction (n=26), redo fundoplication (n=16), and widening of the hiatus (n=12). Two patients had both hiatal repair and redo fundoplication. Intra (n=5) and postoperative (n=16) complications were frequent, but they were usually minor. There was no mortality. The present study demonstrated that laparoscopic reoperation for failed antireflux procedures may be performed safely in most patients with excellent result, low severe morbidity, and no mortality.     

Laparoscopic antireflux surgery in the lung transplant population

BACKGROUND: Lung transplantation has emerged as a viable therapeutic option for patients with a variety of end-stage pulmonary diseases. As immediate posttransplant surgical outcomes have improved, the greatest limitation of lung transplantation remains chronic allograft dysfunction. Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) with resultant aspiration has been implicated as a potential contributing factor in allograft dysfunction. GERD is prevalent in end-stage lung disease patients, and it is even more common in patients after transplantation. We report here on the safety of laparoscopic fundoplication surgery for the treatment of GERD in lung transplant patients. METHODS: Eighteen of the 298 lung transplants performed at Duke University Medical Center underwent antireflux surgery for documented severe GERD. The safety and benefit of laparoscopic fundoplications in this population was evaluated. RESULTS: The antireflux surgeries included 13 laparoscopic Nissen fundoplications, four laparoscopic Toupets, and one open Nissen (converted secondary to extensive adhesions). Two of the 18 patients reported recurrence of symptoms (11%), and two others reported minor GI complaints postoperatively (nausea, bloating). There were no deaths from the antireflux surgery. After fundoplication surgery, 12 of the 18 patients showed measured improvement in pulmonary function (67%). CONCLUSIONS: GERD occurs commonly in the posttransplant lung population. Laparoscopic fundoplication surgery, when indicated, can be done safely with minimal morbidity and mortality. In addition to the resolution of reflux symptoms, improvement in pulmonary function may be seen in this population after fundoplication. Lung transplant patients with severe GERD should be strongly considered for antireflux surgery.     

Long-Term Results (6–10 Years) of Laparoscopic Fundoplication

Most papers report excellent results of laparoscopic fundoplication but with relatively short follow-up. Only few studies have a follow-up longer than 5 years. We prospectively collected data of 399 consecutive patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) or large paraesophageal/mixed hiatal hernia who underwent laparoscopic fundoplication between January 1992 and June 2005. Preoperative workup included symptoms questionnaire, videoesophagogram, upper endoscopy, manometry, and pH-metry. Postoperative clinical/functional studies were performed at 1, 6, 12 months, and thereafter every other year. Patients were divided into four groups: GERD with nonerosive esophagitis, erosive esophagitis, Barrett’s esophagus, and large paraesophageal/mixed hiatal hernia. Surgical failures were considered as follows: (1) recurrence of GERD symptoms or abnormal 24-h pH monitoring; (2) recurrence of endoscopic esophagitis; (3) recurrence of hiatal hernia/slipped fundoplication on endoscopy/barium swallow; (4) postoperative onset of dysphagia; (5) postoperative onset of gas bloating. One hundred and forty-five patients (87 M:58 F) were operated between January 1992 and June 1999: 80 nonerosive esophagitis, 29 erosive esophagitis, 17 Barrett’s esophagus, and 19 large paraesophageal/mixed hiatal hernias. At a median follow-up of 97 months, the success rate was 74% for surgery only and 86% for primary surgery and ‘complementary’ treatments (21 patients: 13 redo surgery and eight endoscopic dilations). Dysphagia and recurrence of reflux were the most frequent causes of failure for nonerosive esophagitis patients; recurrence of hernia was prevalent among patients with large paraesophageal/mixed hiatal hernia. Gas bloating (causing failure) was reported by nonerosive esophagitis patients only. At last follow-up, 115 patients were off ‘proton-pump inhibitors’; 30 were still on medications (eight for causes unrelated to GERD). Conclusion confirms that laparoscopic fundoplication provides effective, long-term treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease. Hernia recurrence and dysphagia are its weak points.     

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??Laparoscopic anti-reflux surgery for gastroesophageal reflux disease with hiatal hernia: A clinical analysis of 835 cases Kelimu.Abudureyimu??Alimujiang.Maisiyiti??Azhatijiang??et al. Department of Hernia and Abdominal Wall Surgery & Minimally Invasive Surgery??the People’s Hospital of Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region??Urumqi 830001??China
Corresponding author??Kelimu.Abudureyimu??E-mail??klm6075@163.com
Abstract Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of laparoscopic hiatal hernioraphy and fundoplication for gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). Methods The clinical data of 835 cases of GERD and hiatal hernia admitted from September 2005 to May 2015 in the People’s Hospital of Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region were analyzed retrospectively. All the cases were performed laparoscopic hiatal hernioraphy and fundoplication. Results Laparoscopic hiatal herniorrhaphy and fundoplication were successfully performed in all 835 cases without mortality or conversion. A total of 183 cases were performed combined operation??accounting for 21.9%. The duration of operation ranged from 40 to 90 min??and bleeding from 5 to 50 mL. No intraoperative or postoperative blood transfusion occurred. Liquid diet was performed in postoperative 24 to 48 h. All the cases were followed up for 3 months to 10 years (average 37.5 months). A total of 56 cases??6.7%?? had postoperative complications, including 28 cases of postoperative dysphagia??4 cases of recurrent hiatal hernia (gastric wrap herniated into the chest) , 18 cases of recurrence of symptoms and 6 cases of gas bloating syndrome. Conclusion Laparoscopic hiatal hernioraphy and fundoplication is safe and effective??an ideal choice for GERD patients with hiatal hernia due to advantages of less invasive??faster recovery and fewer complications. Also it can combine surgical treatment of other diseases.     

Laparoscopic antireflux surgery. What is real progress?

OBJECTIVE: The authors aim to substantiate, with objective arguments, potential advantages of laparoscopic versus open antireflux surgery in the light of the recent crude experience of the Louvain Medical School Hospital. METHODS: Seventy-two consecutive patients with disabling gastroesophageal reflux disease ([GERD], n = 56), symptomatic hiatal hernia without GERD (n = 5), or unsatisfactory outcome after unsuccessful antireflux procedure (n = 11) were operated on by laparotomy (n = 28), laparoscopy (n = 39), or thoracotomy (n = 5). The antireflux procedure was a subdiaphragmatic Nissen fundoplication (n = 60), an intrathoracic Nissen fundoplication (short esophagus, n = 3), a subdiaphragmatic 240 degrees fundoplication (severe motility disorders, n = 3), a Lortat-Jacob repair (hiatal hernia without GERD, n = 5), and a duodenal diversion (delayed gastric emptying, n = 1). RESULTS: Major postoperative morbidity included two pulmonary embolisms (one laparoscopy patient and one laparotomy patient), and one hemothorax (one thoracotomy patient). Mean hospital stay was 6.4 days for laparoscopy, 7.8 days for laparotomy, and 12.5 days for thoracotomy. Postoperative morphine consumption (patient-controlled analgesia) averaged 47 mg/48 hrs (laparoscopy) versus 46 mg/48 hrs (laparotomy with primary antireflux surgery) (p > 0.05). Although 93% of the laparoscopy patients returned to work within 3 weeks after surgery, 92% of the laparotomy and thoracotomy patients resumed their activity after more than 6 weeks. At follow-up, 87.5% of the patients were asymptomatic or had inconsequential symptoms, 9.8% had disabling side effects, and 2.7% had persistent or recurring esophageal symptoms. There were four parietal herniations, i.e., one incisional hernia and one recurrence of a repaired umbilical hernia in the laparotomy group, and two herniations of the wrap into the chest--probably related to a premature return to manual work--in the laparoscopy group. Three laparoscopy patients were dissatisfied with the esthetics of their scars. Lower esophageal sphincter pressure and esophageal acid exposure in the laparoscopy patients who were investigated were normal in 100% and 95%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Laparoscopy is a good approach for achieving successful antireflux surgery in selected cases. However, its fails to substantially reduce postoperative complication rate and discomfort, duration of the hospital stay, and the risk of esthetic sequela. Early return to work is questionable for manual workers. The subdiaphragmatic Nissen fundoplication is not an all-purpose antireflux procedure.     

腹腔镜食管裂孔疝修补术联合抗反流手术临床疗效研究（附835例报告）

目的 探讨腹腔镜食管裂孔疝修补术联合抗反流手术治疗胃食管反流病（GERD）合并食管裂孔疝的安全性和疗效。方法 回顾性分析2005年9月至2015年5月新疆维吾尔自治区人民医院收治的835例GERD合并食管裂孔疝病人的临床资料,均行腹腔镜食管裂孔疝修补术+胃底折叠术。结果 835例均成功完成腹腔镜食管裂孔疝修补术+胃底折叠术,无一例中转开放手术。其中联合其他手术183例（21.9%）。手术时间55.3（40～90）min;术中出血量20.4（5～50）mL,无术中术后输血者。术后24～48 h全流质饮食。术后随访3个月至10年,平均37.5个月。56例（6.7%）病人术后出现并发症,其中吞咽困难28例,食管裂孔疝复发（折叠的胃底疝入胸腔）4例,症状复发18例,胃肠胀气综合征6例。结论 腹腔镜食管裂孔疝修补术+胃底折叠术安全有效、创伤小、恢复快、并发症少,并可联合手术治疗其他疾病,是GERD合并食管裂孔疝病人的理想选择。     

Durability of laparoscopic repair of paraesophageal hernia.

OBJECTIVES: To define a method of primary repair that would minimize hernia recurrence and to report medium-term follow-up of patients who underwent laparoscopic repair of paraesophageal hernia to verify durability of the repair and to assess the effect of inclusion of an antireflux procedure. SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA: Primary paraesophageal hernia repair was completed laparoscopically in 55 patients. There were five recurrences within 6 months when the sac was not excised (20%). After institution of a technique of total sac excision in 30 subsequent repairs, no early recurrences were observed. METHODS: Inclusion of an antireflux procedure, incidence of subsequent hernia recurrence, dysphagia, and gastroesophageal reflux symptoms were recorded in clinical follow-up of patients who underwent a laparoscopic procedure. RESULTS: Mean length of follow-up was 29 months. Forty-nine patients were available for follow-up, and one patient had died of lung cancer. Mean age at surgery was 68 years. The surgical morbidity rate in elderly patients was no greater than in younger patients. Eleven patients (22%) had symptoms of mild to moderate reflux, and 15 were taking acid-reduction medication for a variety of dyspeptic complaints. All but 2 of these 15 had undergone 360 degrees fundoplication at initial repair. Two patients (4%) had late recurrent hernia, each small, demonstrated by esophagram or endoscopy. CONCLUSIONS: Laparoscopic repair in the medium term appeared durable. The incidence of postsurgical reflux symptoms was unrelated to inclusion of an antireflux procedure. In the absence of motility data, partial fundoplication was preferred, although dysphagia after floppy 360 degrees wrap was rare. With the low morbidity rate of this procedure, correction of symptomatic paraesophageal hernia appears indicated in patients regardless of age.     

Treatment of giant hiatal hernia by laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass

IntroductionObesity is a risk factor for hiatal hernia. In addition, much higher recurrence rates are reported after standard surgical treatment of hiatal hernia in morbidly obese patients. Laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (LRYGB) is an effective surgical treatment for morbid obesity and is known to effectively control symptoms of gastroesophageal reflux (GERD).Case presentationTwo patients suffering from giant hiatal hernias where a combined LRYGB and hiatal hernia repair (HHR) with mesh was performed are presented in this paper. There were no postoperative complications and at 1 year follow-up, there was no sign of recurrence of the hernia.DiscussionThe gold standard for all symptomatic reflux patients is still surgical correction of the paraesophageal hernia, including complete reduction of the hernia sac, resection of the sac, hiatal closure and fundoplication. However, HHR outcome is adversely affected by higher BMI levels, leading to increased HH recurrence rates in the obese.ConclusionConcomitant giant hiatal hernia repair with LRYGB appears to be safe and feasible. Moreover, LRYGB plus HHR appears to be a good alternative for HH patients suffering from morbid obesity as well than antireflux surgery alone because of the additional benefit of significant weight loss and improvement of obesity related co-morbidity.