小于胎龄儿脐血脂联素水平测定及其临床意义

目的探讨小于胎龄儿（SGA）脐血脂联素（APN）水平变化及其对新生儿的影响。方法研究对象为SGA和适于胎龄儿（AGA）各30例。采用放射免疫分析法测定脐血和产妇血脂联素水平。用免疫比浊法测定三酰甘油（TG）,总胆固醇（TCH）,低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL-C）,高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL-c）水平。并分析脐血脂联素水平与母血脂联素,体质量指数（IBM）,胎盘重量和血脂水平的相关性。结果1.SGA脐血脂联素水平低于AGA差异有显著性（P〈0.01）;SGA血TG,TCH,LDL-c,HDL-c水平与AGA比较差异均无显著性（P〉0.05）。2.SGA血清脂联素水平与新生儿身长,新生儿体质量指数BMI,胎盘重量,脐血TG呈显著正相关（r=0.386,0.431,0.365,0.231,P〈0.05）,与母血脂联素水平,孕前和分娩时产妇IBM无相关性（P〉0.05）。结论小于胎龄儿具有较低血清脂联素水平,测定脐血脂联素水平有助于判断SGA的发展趋势。     

脐血促酰化蛋白水平测定与胎儿发育临床意义研究

目的探讨脐血促酰化蛋白(ASP)水平与胎儿生长发育的关系。方法研究对象为大于胎龄儿(LGA)、适于胎龄儿(AGA)和小于胎龄儿(SGA)各30例。应用酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)测定血浆促酰化蛋白和脂联素浓度,用免疫比浊法测定甘油三酯(TG)、总胆固醇(TCH)、低密度脂蛋白-胆固醇(LDL-c)、高密度脂蛋白-胆固醇(HDL-c)的水平;并分析脐血促酰化蛋白水平与脐血脂联素水平、母血促酰化蛋白水平、新生儿性别、出生体质量、体质量指数、胎盘重量和血脂水平的相关性。结果①LGA的脐血ASP水平高于AGA,AGA的脐血ASP水平高于SGA,差异有统计学意义(P<0.001),三组新生儿血脂水平差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。②脐血ASP水平与新生儿出生体质量、BM、I脐血甘油三酯水平呈显著正相关(P<0.001),与血脂联素水平呈显著负相关(P<0.001),与母血ASP水平、胎盘重量无相关性(P>0.05)。③男、女婴脐血ASP、血脂各成分水平比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论促酰化蛋白参与胎儿生长发育调节,脐血ASP水平可反映胎儿的生长发育状况。     

促酰化蛋白水平与胎儿生长发育的关系研究

目的探讨脐血促酰化蛋白（ASP）水平与胎儿生长发育的关系。方法研究对象为大于胎龄儿（LGA）、适于胎龄儿（AGA）和小于胎龄儿（SGA）各30例。应用ELISA法测定血清和羊水ASP浓度、血清脂联素浓度,RIA法测定血清胰岛素和瘦素水平,用免疫比浊法测定血脂水平;并分析脐血ASP水平与母血和羊水ASP水平、胎盘重量、新生儿身长、性别、体质量、BMI、腰围、腰臀比、血脂、胰岛素、瘦素和脂联素水平,孕妇的体质量和BMI、血脂水平的相关性。结果①LGA的脐血ASP水平高于AGA,AGA的脐血ASP水平高于SGA,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.001）;三组新生儿血脂水平差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。②脐血ASP水平与新生儿出生体质量、身长、BMI、腰围、腰臀比、胰岛素、瘦素、脐血甘油三酯水平呈显著正相关（P〈0.001）,与血脂联素水平呈显著负相关（P〈0.001）,与母血和羊水ASP水平、胎盘重量无相关性（P〉0.05）。③男、女婴脐血ASP、血脂各成分水平比较差异均无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。结论促酰化蛋白参与胎儿生长发育调节,脐血ASP水平可反映胎儿的生长发育状况。     

宫内生长迟缓新生儿脐血瘦素及甘油三酯变化的研究

目的观察宫内生长迟缓(IUGR)新生儿脐血中的瘦素(leptin)、甘油三酯(TG)水平,分析这些指标变化程度与胎儿生长的关系,探讨IUGR新生儿血脂代谢的特点.方法 77例新生儿脐血标本分为3组:(1)小于胎龄儿组( SGA):17例;(2)适于胎龄儿( AGA)组:41例;(3)大于胎龄儿( LGA)组:19例.采用高敏酶免疫分析法测定新生儿脐血中瘦素水平,全自动生化分析仪测定TG水平.各组间均数比较选用单因素方差分析,各指标与出生体重及胎龄的关系采用等级相关分析.结果 (1)脐血瘦素水平AGA、SGA、LGA 3组差异有统计学意义(F=17.75,P<0.01);SGA组(0.7147±0.5761)ng/ml显著低于AGA组(2.710±0.4329)ng/ml(P<0.01),而AGA组低于LGA组(5.687±0.3916)ng/ml(P<0.05).脐血瘦素水平随胎龄及出生体重增加而增加(r分别=0.332和0.654,P均<0.01).(2)脐血TG水平AGA、SGA、LGA 3组差异有统计学意义(F=8.85,P＜0.05);SGA组(0.7141±0.1576)mmol/l显著高于AGA组(0.5027±0.1330)mmol/l(P<0.01), 而AGA组与LGA组(0.4907±0.1397)mmol/L之间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).TG与出生体重呈负相关(r=-0.320,P=0.050),与胎龄无相关性(r=0.129,P>0.05). (3)脐血瘦素与TG呈负相关关系(r=-0.280,P<0.05).结论 IUGR新生儿脐血瘦素明显降低,瘦素与胎龄及出生体重呈正相关.IUGR新生儿脐血TG偏高,TG与出生体重负相关,与胎龄无相关性.脐血瘦素与TG呈负相关.     

妊娠期糖尿病组脐血脂联素的变化及意义

目的观察妊娠期糖尿病脐血脂联素水平的变化,分析其与新生儿出生体重、劳雷尔指数及胰岛素抵抗之间的关系。方法应用酶联免疫吸附法及放射免疫分析法分别测定30例正常妊娠及26例妊娠期糖尿病新生儿脐血血清脂联素及胰岛素水平,同时测定空腹血糖、新生儿体重及身高,计算HOMA-IR指数及劳雷尔指数。结果 （1）妊娠期糖尿病组新生儿脐血脂联素水平低于正常对照组（P〈0.05）;（2）脐血脂联素水平与新生儿出生体重、劳雷尔指数及HOMA-IR呈显著负相关。结论妊娠期糖尿病组新生儿脐血脂联素水平明显下降,并与体脂含量及胰岛素抵抗相关,提示脂联素可能参与了胎儿的宫内发育过程。     

新生儿血清瘦素水平变化与IGF-Ⅰ、生长激素等相关因素的分析

目的探讨新生儿血清瘦素来源及其与胰岛素样生长因子-Ⅰ(IGF-I)和生长激素的关系.方法采用放射免疫法检测80例新生儿静脉血和脐血瘦素水平,根据不同胎龄新生儿出生体重值分为大于胎龄儿组28例,适于胎龄儿组36例,小于胎龄儿组16例;采用Rohrer's指数=出生体重(g)×10/身长(cm)3估测新生儿营养状态.结果早产儿血清瘦素水平明显低于足月儿(0.66±1.03ng/ml vs 3.59±2.16ng/ml,P＜0.01=;适于胎龄儿血清瘦素水平(3.06±0.96ng/ml明显低于大于胎龄儿(4.03±2.22ng/ml),而高于小于胎龄儿(1.13±1.98ng/ml);足月新生儿血清瘦素水平与Rohrer's指数、新生儿体重、胎龄、血清IGF-Ⅰ、生长激素水平呈显著正相关.结论新生儿体内瘦素主要来源于自身脂肪组织,它反映新生儿的生长营养状态,推测瘦素可能通过IGF-Ⅰ、生长激素共同调节新生儿的生长发育,在胎儿和新生儿生长发育中起重要作用.     

妊娠期糖尿病妇女所生新生儿生长发育与sCD163表达的相关性分析

目的 探讨糖尿病母亲所生新生儿血清可溶性CD163(serum soluble CD163,sCD163)的变化及临床意义。方法 前瞻性择取2022年1月至2022年12月我院108例妊娠期糖尿病产妇及其所生新生儿纳入研究组,按新生儿出生体重分为巨大儿组(A组)和非巨大儿组(B组),同时纳入同期100例健康产妇及其所生新生儿作为对照组。检测各组脐血和母血可溶性CD163水平及相关血清指标。采用Pearson相关系数进行相关性分析及采用Logistic回归模型进行回归分析。结果 研究组母血及脐血sCD163水平均显著高于对照组(P<0.05);A组脐血sCD163、INS、PG、TG、TCH、LDL-C、HDL-C、HCT及新生儿VAI水平均显著高于B组,同时A组母血sCD163和INS水平显著高于B组(P<0.05);研究组新生儿脐血sCD163表达与身长、出生体质量、出生重量指数PI、脐血TG、新生儿VAI和脐血HCT显著相关(P<0.05),而与胎龄、脐血INS和母血sCD163无显著相关性(P>0.05);多因素Logistic结果显示出生重量指数PI、脐...     

新生儿血清瘦素水平变化与IGF—I、生长激素等相关因素的分析

目的　探讨新生儿血清瘦素来源及其与胰岛素样生长因子 -I(IGF -I)和生长激素的关系。方法　采用放射免疫法检测 80例新生儿静脉血和脐血瘦素水平 ,根据不同胎龄新生儿出生体重值分为大于胎龄儿组 2 8例 ,适于胎龄儿组 36例 ,小于胎龄儿组 16例 ;采用Rohrer’s指数 =出生体重 (g)× 10 /身长 (cm) 3 估测新生儿营养状态。结果　早产儿血清瘦素水平明显低于足月儿 (0 .6 6± 1.0 3ng/mlvs 3.5 9± 2 .16ng/ml,P <0 .0 1=;适于胎龄儿血清瘦素水平 (3.0 6± 0 .96ng/ml明显低于大于胎龄儿 (4.0 3± 2 .2 2ng/ml) ,而高于小于胎龄儿 (1.13± 1.98ng/ml) ;足月新生儿血清瘦素水平与Rohrer’s指数、新生儿体重、胎龄、血清IGF -I、生长激素水平呈显著正相关。结论　新生儿体内瘦素主要来源于自身脂肪组织 ,它反映新生儿的生长营养状态 ,推测瘦素可能通过IGF -I、生长激素共同调节新生儿的生长发育 ,在胎儿和新生儿生长发育中起重要作用     

脐血瘦素水平与胎儿出生体重的关系

目的探讨脐血瘦素水平与胎儿出生体重的关系.方法应用特异放射免疫分析法测定91例正常分娩或剖宫产的新生儿脐血清瘦素水平.根据新生儿出生体重与胎龄的关系将研究对象分成对照组44例,大于胎龄儿(LGA)组28例和小于胎龄儿(SGA)组19例.结果91例新生儿脐血清瘦素范围为1.8-40.5ng/ml,平均为9.9±7.4.男性为1.8-35.5ng/ml,平均为5.3±5.6.女性为2-42.5ng/ml,平均为15.0±8.0.两性新生儿出生体重、体重指数比较无显著差异.脐血清瘦素男性显著低于女性(P=0.011).LGA组、SGA组脐血清瘦素水平、出生体重、体重指数分别与对照组比较差异均有显著性(P＜0.01).新生儿脐血清瘦素水平与出生体重、体重指数均呈正相关.相关系数分别为r=0.59、r=0.37.结论瘦素是胎儿生长调节系统的重要因子,与胎儿出生大小有密切相关性.     

围产期脐血瘦素水平与胎儿体格发育的关系

目的　了解脐血瘦素的来源及其对胎儿发育的影响。方法　采用逆转录聚合酶链反应 (RT -PCR)检测 6 7例胎盘组织瘦素的相对水平 ,采用DSLELISA法检测血清瘦素水平 ,采用体脂含量 [F % =0 .884 8×SFT4+0 .0 2 2 ]估测新生儿营养状态 ,并根据出生体重分为小于胎龄儿 (SGA)组 2 3例 ,适于胎龄儿 (AGA)组 4 4例。结果　 (1)脐血瘦素水平与新生儿体重、身长、头围、上臂围及体脂含量成极显著正相关 (r =.4 95、.4 0 9、.36 1、.4 4 2、.4 4 7,P均≤ 0 .0 1) ,与母血、胎盘瘦素水平无明显相关性。 (2 )SGA组的脐血瘦素水平显著低于AGA组 (t=3.5 2 4 ,P <0 .0 0 1)。 (3)脐血瘦素水平具有性别差异 ,男婴明显低于女婴 (t =2 .0 2 6 ,P<0 .0 5 )。结论　胎儿脂肪组织的发育和脂肪量的累积是胎儿血清瘦素水平的主要决定因素 ;胎儿体重与瘦素之间可能存在一个负反馈自控环路直接调控胎儿体重。     

Development in in vitro toxicology

There are three principal pressures driving the development of in vitro toxicology: (1) the need for more efficient testing systems to cope with the large number of xenobiotics currently being developed; (2) public pressure to reduce animal experimentation; and (3) a need for a better understanding of the mechanisms of toxicity. Within this, in vitro toxicology is focused on local, systemic, and target-organ toxicity. It is becoming increasingly apparent that a step or decision-tree approach using input of a variety of experimental data (physicochemical properties, biokinetics, cytotoxicity) provides the most efficient system for predicting toxicity. Examples of the use of in vitro toxicity systems for prediction of systemic toxicity and target-organ (liver) toxicity are presented.Originally presented at ECCP 93.     

Age-related changes in polyamines in memory-associated brain structures in rats

Polyamines putrescine, spermidine and spermine are positively charged aliphatic amines and have important roles in maintaining normal cellular function, regulating neurotransmitter receptors and modulating learning and memory. Recent evidence suggests a role of putrescine in hippocampal neurogenesis, that is significantly impaired during aging. The present study measured the polyamine levels in memory-related brain structures in 24- (aged), 12- (middle-aged) and 4- (young) month-old rats using liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry and high performance liquid chromatography. In the hippocampus, the putrescine levels were significantly decreased in the CA1 and dentate gyrus, and increased in the CA2/3 with age. Significant age-related increases in the spermidine levels were found in the CA1 and CA2/3. There was no difference between groups in spermine in any sub-regions examined. In the parahippocampal region, increased putrescine level with age was observed in the entorhinal cortex, and age did not alter the spermidine levels. The spermine level was significantly decreased in the perirhinal cortex and increased in the postrhinal cortex with age. In the prefrontal cortex, there was age-related decrease in putrescine, and the spermidine and spermine levels were significantly increased with age. This study, for the first time, demonstrates age-related region-specific changes in polyamines in memory-associated structures, suggesting that polyamine system dysfunction may potentially contribute to aged-related impairments in hippocampal neurogenesis and learning and memory.     

Seasonal variations in acute toxoplasmosis in pregnant women in Slovenia

Between December 1999 and December 2004, 40 081 pregnant women were examined for toxoplasmosis with Toxo-IgG, Toxo-IgM enzyme immunoassay. Women with positive results were then retested with the Toxo-IgG avidity assay for recent toxoplasmosis. Recent acute toxoplasmosis in pregnant women was found to be significantly more frequent (p < 0.01) during winter than summer. The incidence of acute toxoplasmosis during winter-spring was also significantly more frequent (p < 0.025) than summer-autumn. This phenomenon should be taken into account when formulating preventive measures for toxoplasmosis, especially for pregnant women.     

休克过程中肾上腺髓质素变化的研究进展

Adrenomedullin (AM) is a new peptidergic regulator of vascular function. AM serves as a hormone, which has many biological properties, plays an important role in the many pathophysiological processes, especially shock. This review will highlight the structure, biological properties of AM and the relationship between AM and shock.     

Secular change in menarche in women in Madrid

The age at menarche was estimated by recollection in 1617 women between the ages of 18 and 60 in Madrid and a nearby suburb, Pinto. The population of Pinto is working-class and the Madrid group, taken from residential neighbourhoods , belongs to the upper middle class. In both groups we found a diminution in average age at menarche, from 14.04 to 13.02 years in Madrid and from 14.55 to 13.16 years from about 1935 to about 1965 in Pinto. These changes have been more intense in the group which is less well-off economically, where living conditions have varied much more drastically.     

Uteroglobin in the developing rabbit conceptus in vivo and in vitro

Summary Uteroglobin (UGL) was measured in day- 4 to day-10 rabbit conceptuses by a competitive ELISA. Levels in blastocyst fluid, tissues, coverings and in the early fetus were determined separately. The total amount of UGL increased from 18.4 ng to 6.8 g per conceptus. The UGL content of individual day-6 blastocysts was studied in vitro. Culturing was carried out up to 60 h in Ham's F10 medium with polyvinylpyrrolidone as macromolecular component, with and without progesterone, and with progesterone plus estradiol. UGL was determined in the blastocyst fluids, tissues with coverings and in the culture media. After labelling with [³⁵S]-methionine, protein patterns of total blastocysts and of culture media were analysed by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and fluorography. The morphology of cultured blastocysts was examined by electron microscopy. During 60 h of culture, the blastocysts expanded in diameter by 84%, and released 19% of their initial UGL content into the medium, independent of the hormonal substitution. Neither de novo synthesis, nor degradation of UGL was found: the protein remained unlabelled in fluorography, and its total quantity was not significantly different from that of non-cultured controls. Trophoblast, endoderm and embryoblast cells showed well preserved cell organelles and intercellular junctions, while the morphological differentiation of the germ layer was inhibited.