银杏达莫注射液治疗急性脑梗死的疗效观察

目的 观察银杏达莫注射液治疗脑梗死的临床疗效与安全性.方法 192例住院脑梗死患者随机分成银杏达莫治疗组和对照组,治疗组给予银杏达莫注射液20 mL加生理盐水250 mL静滴,1次/d,连用14 d.对照组给予丹参注射液20 mL加生理盐水250 mL静滴,1次/d,连用14d.14 d后评定2组临床疗效和神经功能缺损...     

奥扎格雷钠治疗急性脑梗死临床疗效观察

目的探讨奥扎格雷钠治疗急性脑梗死的临床疗效。方法选取发病72h内急性脑梗死患者84例,随机分为治疗组42例,奥扎格雷钠注射液80mg,溶于5%GS或生理盐水250mL静滴,qd,联用5%GS 250mL＋血塞通400mg静滴,qd;对照组42例,单用5%GS 250mL＋血塞通400mg静滴,qd,均连用14d。结果治疗组总有效率92.9%,对照组总有效率83.3%,2组疗效比较,P〈0.05。结论奥扎格雷钠治疗急性脑梗死疗效显著、安全,无明显不良反应,值得临床推广应用。     

舒血宁注射液治疗急性脑梗死100例疗效观察

目的观察银杏叶提取物舒血宁注射液对急性脑梗死的疗效和安全性。方法将200例急性脑梗死患者随机分为治疗组和对照组，治疗组100例给予舒血宁注射液20ml加入NS500ml静滴，qd，15d；对照组100例给予复方丹参注射液30ml加入NS 500ml静滴，qd，15d，其余常规治疗相同。结果治疗组神经功能缺损评分减少明显优于对照组(P<0．01)，其血液流变学指标较对照组有显著性差异(P<0．05)。结论舒血宁治疗急性脑梗死安全有效。     

依达拉奉联合丹参酮ⅡA治疗急性脑梗死疗效观察

目的 观察依达拉奉联合丹参酮ⅡA注射液治疗急性脑梗死的疗效与安全性.方法 将70例急性脑梗死患者随机分为2组,治疗组35例,应用依达拉奉注射液30 mg,加入生理盐水250 mL静滴,2次/d,丹参酮IIA注射液60 mg,加入生理盐水250 mL静滴,1次/d,连用14 d为一疗程.对照组35例,应用疏血通注射液6 mL加入生理盐水250 mL静滴,1次/d,14 d一疗程.结果 治疗组总有效率88.57%,对照组总有效率60.00%,2组比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 依达拉奉加丹参酮ⅡA治疗急性脑梗死疗效肯定,安全有效.     

奥扎格雷钠联合红花注射液治疗急性脑梗死疗效分析

目的观察奥扎格雷钠联合红花注射液治疗急性脑梗死的临床疗效。方法将100例急性脑梗死患者随机分为治疗组和对照组。治疗组50例,给予奥扎格雷钠80mg加入生理盐水100mL静滴,2次/d,联合应用红花注射液40mL加入生理盐水250mL中静滴,1次/d;对照组50例,采用红花注射液40mL加入生理盐水250mL静滴,1次/d。2组疗程均为2周。结果治疗组总有效率96%,对照组78%。2组神经功能缺损评分差异有统计学意义(P<0.01),2组病人血液流变学指标比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论奥扎格雷钠联合红花注射液可显著改善急性脑梗死患者的临床症状,提高治愈率,降低致残率。     

灯盏细辛注射液加用纳洛酮治疗急性脑梗死

目的观察灯盏细辛注射液加用纳洛酮治疗急性脑梗死患者的临床疗效.方法 80例急性脑梗死患者发病72 h内的急性期病例随机分为治疗组和对照组两组,两组均予降颅压、控制血压、抗生素控制感染、维持水电解质酸碱平衡及对症支持治疗,对照组另用灯盏细辛注射液静脉滴注,治疗组用灯盏细辛注射液加用纳洛酮静脉滴注,均每日1次,连用2周.观察两组治疗前后的临床疗效、神经功能缺损评分.结果治疗组总有效率为92.5%,对照组为77.5%,两组疗效对比、神经功能缺损评分改善治疗组均明显优于对照组,有统计学意义(P<0.01).均未发现有明显不良反应.结论灯盏细辛注射液和纳洛酮的联合使用可改善脑梗死神经功能缺损,提高疗效,降低致残率.     

前列地尔注射液联合注射用血塞通治疗2型糖尿病合并急性脑梗死120例疗效观察

目的观察前列地尔联合注射用血塞通治疗2型糖尿病合并急性脑梗死的临床疗效。方法 2013-05—2014-04收治120例临床确诊为急性脑梗死患者,均有2型糖尿病史,随机分成治疗组和对照组各60例。对照组应用生理盐水100mL+注射用小牛血去蛋白提取物0.4g静滴,1次/d;5%葡萄糖注射液250mL+胞磷胆碱钠注射液1.0g静滴,1次/d。治疗组在上述治疗的基础上加用生理盐水20mL+前列地尔注射液0.2g静滴,1次/d,5%葡萄糖注射液250mL+注射用血塞通0.5g静滴,1次/d,时间均为2周。结果治疗组总有效率93.3%,显著高于对照组78.3%(P0.01)。结论前列地尔注射液联合注射用血塞通治疗2型糖尿病合并急性脑梗死具有加强脑细胞活化、改善脑供血不足、加快瘫痪肢体恢复、稳定血糖的功效,临床疗效显著,安全性较高。     

舒血宁联合复方右旋糖苷40治疗后循环缺血疗效观察

目的观察舒血宁联合复方右旋糖酐40治疗后循环缺血的疗效。方法将182例后循环缺血性眩晕患者随机分为2组。治疗组给予舒血宁注射液20mL加入250mL生理盐水和复方右旋糖酐40注射液250mL静滴,1次/d,连用14d。对照组给予红花注射液30 mL加入生理盐水250 mL中静滴,1次/d,连用14d。结果治疗组总有效率91.2%,对照组为74.7%,2组比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。2组治疗后与治疗前相比两侧椎基底动脉平均血流速度(Vm)、基底动脉阻力指数(RI)均改善(P0.05)。结论舒血宁联合复方右旋糖苷40治疗后循环缺血可明显改善患者症状、脑部血流,值得临床应用。     

丹红注射液治疗急性脑梗死的疗效观察

目的观察丹红注射液治疗急性脑梗死的临床疗效。方法将102例急性脑梗死患者随机分为治疗组51例和对照组51例。治疗组给予丹红注射液20ml加入生理盐水注射液250m静滴,1次/d,连用14d;对照组用维脑路通针0.4g加入生理盐水250ml中静滴,1次/d,连用14d。2组给予相同的常规治疗,包括扩容、降颅压、脑保护、抗自由基、调整血压等。结果治疗组神经功能缺损评分减少程度与对照组相比有显著差异(P<0.01)。丹红治疗组对血液流变学指标改善显著。结论丹红注射液对急性脑梗死治疗疗效显著。     

银杏达莫联合脉络宁注射液治疗急性脑梗死42例效果观察

目的探讨银杏达莫注射液联合脉络宁注射液治疗急性脑梗死临床疗效。方法选择我院2007-12~2009-12急性脑梗死患者82例,将以上患者随机分为2组,观察组和对照组。2组患者均根据病情情况,给予支持治疗,给予脑保护剂,控制患者血糖、血压等,有脑水肿颅内压升高患者给予脱水治疗。在以上基础上,观察组患者给予银杏达莫注射液20 mL加入生理盐水250 mL中静滴,1次/d,同时给予脉络宁注射液20 mL加入生理盐水250 mL中静滴,1次/d;对照组患者给予脉络宁注射液20 mL加入生理盐水250 mL中静滴。2组患者疗程均为14 d。结果观察组治疗后NIHSS评分与对照组治疗后评分比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);2组患者治疗后,观察组总有效率与对照组总有效率比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论银杏达莫注射液联合脉络宁注射液能够显著改善急性脑梗死患者神经功能,临床效果显著,值得借鉴。     

Mechanisms of the suppression of the nociceptive reflex of the opening of the mouth during stimulation of the structures of the limbic brain

The comparative effectiveness of the inhibitory influence of tetanic stimulation of hypothalamus, amygdala and limbic cortex on EMG-response of m. digastricus evoked by electrical stimulation of tooth pulp nociceptive afferents was studied in cats anesthetized with a mixture of chloralose and nembutal. It was found that inhibition of the EMG-component of the jaw-opening reflex is most pronounced in case of stimulation of medial and lateral region of the hypothalamus, the inhibitory effect of central and medial nuclei of the amygdala is less pronounced and the effect of the limbic cortex is the weakest. It was shown that the mechanism of the antinociceptive effect of tetanic stimulation of the hypothalamus is not related to the concomitant increase of the blood pressure. After stabilization of the blood pressure the suppressive effect of the hypothalamus remains without changes, that points out to a direct, primary, not baro-afferent mechanism of the inhibition of the activity of nociceptive neurons of the trigeminal sensory nuclei. Noradrenaline, injected intravenously, induced a large increase of the blood pressure accompanied by a pronounced inhibition of the pain reflex. Angiotensin causes the same degree of blood pressure elevation without changes in the amplitude of the EMG-response of the pain reflex. Hypothalamic and noradrenergic mechanisms for control of pain sensitivity are discussed.     

药物治疗与合并认知行为治疗对强迫症疗效的比较

目的探讨认知行为心理治疗(CBT)在强迫症(OCD)患者各亚型治疗中的有效性和规律性。方法本研究为临床对照研究。符合入组标准的强迫症患者按患者自愿原则分为两组,治疗观察3、6、12个月。疗效评定分别运用Yale-Brown强迫量表,自拟的自评好转程度量表和临床疗效评定。结果认知行为心理治疗合并药物治疗组31例,临床有效率70.9%,其中治愈率1.8%。单纯药物治疗组24例,临床有效率33.3%。Yale-Brown强迫量表和自评量表得分在6个月和12个月两组有显著差异(P<0.05)。其中强迫症亚型(怕脏型、反复检查型和反复担心型)的疗效比较,怕脏型在治疗3个月末两组间自评量表评分有显著性差异(P<0.05);反复担心型在治疗6个月末两组间Yale-Brown强迫量表总分有显著性差异(P<0.05);反复检查型两组间无统计学差异。结论认知行为心理治疗合并药物治疗强迫症的疗效明显优于单纯药物治疗。强迫症的亚型在治疗中的有效性次序为:反复担心型>怕脏型>反复检查型。     

Characteristics of the sympathetic innervation of the nictitating membrane and of the vasculature of the nose and tongue of the cat

Summary Vasomotor responses from the nasal mucosa and tongue, and contractions of the nictitating membrane, were recorded on stimulation of the cervical sympathetic or internal carotid nerves.Preganglionic sympathetic nerve fibres which elicited a membrane response possessed a lower threshold than those which evoked nasal vasoconstriction, while the latter displayed a lower threshold than fibres which evoked tongue vasoconstriction. The sympathetic vasodilator fibres to the tongue, whose activity was revealed after-receptor blockade, had a similar threshold to the vasoconstrictor fibres.Membrane contraction, nasal vasoconstriction and occasionally tongue vasoconstriction could be evoked by stimulating the internal carotid nerve. The postganglionic fibres innervating the nasal mucosa had a similar threshold to those of the nictitating membrane, which may indicate that there are small myelinated fibres innervating the mucosa.The preganglionic compound nerve action potential had four major components, S₁–S₄. S₁, S₂ and usually S₃ fibres were associated with membrane contraction; S₂, S₃ and sometimes S₁ fibres were associated with nasal vasoconstriction; and S₃, usually S₂ and occasionally S₁ fibres were associated with vasoconstriction in the tongue. It is concluded that each of these three groups of nerve fibres, but not S₄ fibres, may include fibres associated functionally with the three effectors.There was a considerable difference between the relative amplitude of the responses of the three effectors elicited by stimulation of the cervical sympathetic nerve at frequencies between 0.2 and 2 Hz. Vasoconstrictor responses were relatively larger than membrane contractions suggesting differences in the mechanisms of neurotransmission at the neuroeffector junctions.     

Development of the projection from the nucleus of the brachium of the inferior colliculus to the superior colliculus in the ferret

Neurons in the deeper layers of the superior colliculus (SC) have spatially tuned receptive fields that are arranged to form a map of auditory space. The spatial tuning of these neurons emerges gradually in an experience-dependent manner after the onset of hearing, but the relative contributions of peripheral and central factors in this process of maturation are unknown. We have studied the postnatal development of the projection to the ferret SC from the nucleus of the brachium of the inferior colliculus (nBIC), its main source of auditory input, to determine whether the emergence of auditory map topography can be attributed to anatomical rewiring of this projection. The pattern of retrograde labeling produced by injections of fluorescent microspheres in the SC on postnatal day (P) 0 and just after the age of hearing onset (P29), showed that the nBIC-SC projection is topographically organized in the rostrocaudal axis, along which sound azimuth is represented, from birth. Injections of biotinylated dextran amine-fluorescein into the nBIC at different ages (P30, 60, and 90) labeled axons with numerous terminals and en passant boutons throughout the deeper layers of the SC. This labeling covered the entire mediolateral extent of the SC, but, in keeping with the pattern of retrograde labeling following microsphere injections in the SC, was more restricted rostrocaudally. No systematic changes were observed with age. The stability of the nBIC-SC projection over this period suggests that developmental changes in auditory spatial tuning involve other processes, rather than a gross refinement of the projection from the nBIC.     

A contribution to the study of the architecture of the autonomic nervous system of the digestive tract of the rat

Summary The distribution of aminergic and non-aminergic nerve fibres to the different constituents of the wall of the digestive tract in various regions is described. Aminergic fibres synapse with all nervous perikarya. Densely interlacing networks of nerve fibres are found in both layers of the tunica muscularis and in the lamina muscularis mucosae. A finely meshed plexus is observed in relation to the wall of the blood vessels in the wall of the gut. There are many fibres connecting the muscular and the vascular plexus. No nerve fibres have been observed in direct relation to the epithelium.The functional implications of these findings are discussed.