青年腹股沟疝外科治疗策略

青年腹股沟疝的外科治疗较为复杂，Shoudice手术、Lichtenstein手术和腹腔镜腹股沟疝修补术（LIHR）等均为合理的术式。精子活力下降等并发症与技术操作有关而与术式无关。修补材料应选择轻量型补片或生物补片。青年男性大多为先天性斜疝，可合并隐睾、鞘膜积液、精索静脉曲张等其他先天性疾病，应制定个体化治疗方案。青年女性可合并子宫圆韧带囊肿，需与嵌顿股疝鉴别。子宫圆韧带囊肿切除和疝修补可在腹腔镜下同时完成，囊肿切除后是否须行预防性疝修补术有待于进一步探讨。青年女性建议保护子宫圆韧带，LIHR中可采用内环口成形术或腹膜切开再缝合术（T形切开）来保留子宫圆韧带。     

腹腔镜下经腹腔腹膜前疝修补术中子宫圆韧带的处理体会

目的:探讨女性腹股沟疝患者行腹腔镜下经腹腔腹膜前疝修补术(transabdominal preperitoneal,TAPP)中子宫圆韧带腹壁化的理想处理方法。方法:回顾分析2011年11月1日至2013年5月31日为14例女性患者行TAPP的临床资料及手术录像,重点关注手术操作过程中子宫圆韧带的处理。其中腹股沟斜疝12例,直疝1例,1例斜疝合并直疝。结果:14例手术均顺利完成,手术时间平均(51.1±18.4)min,术后患者恢复理想。子宫圆韧带的处理:剥离1例,横断2例,沿其两侧纵行劈开腹膜游离11例。后者操作简便,可保证子宫圆韧带及腹膜的完整性。术后随访,无复发及慢性疼痛发生。结论:沿子宫圆韧带纵向劈开腹膜,自腹膜完整分离子宫圆韧带,实现腹壁化,较剥离及横断技术具有明显的优越性,其临床实用性强、学习曲线短,临床应用前景及推广价值较高。     

子宫圆韧带去腹膜化在女性腹股沟疝患者中的应用

目的探讨女性腹股沟疝经腹腹膜前修补术（TAPP）中子宫圆韧带去腹膜化以保留子宫圆韧带的安全性及有效性。 方法回顾性分析2013年1月至2019年7月,陕西省人民医院75例行TAPP术的女性腹股沟疝患者资料,术中均应用子宫圆韧带去腹膜化法保留子宫圆韧带,对其基线资料、术中及术后情况进行观察研究。 结果所有患者均顺利完成手术,单侧疝手术时间（80.0±19.3）min,术后住院时间（2.3±0.9）d,术后第1天视觉模拟评分（2.1±0.8）分,无阴唇水肿及麻木、血肿形成,术后血清肿6例,随访2个月后均自行吸收,随访3~84个月,中位随访时间37个月,无疝复发、补片感染病例。 结论在女性腹股沟疝TAPP术中,当子宫圆韧带与疝囊及腹膜间隙疏松时,可采用子宫圆韧带去腹膜化法,该方法操作简单、术后并发症少,可作为术中保留子宫圆韧带的一种理想方式。     

腹腔镜手术治疗女性腹股沟疝225例临床分析

目的 探讨腹腔镜手术治疗女性腹股沟疝的临床特点。方法 回顾性分析2001年1月至2013年12月上海交通大学医学院附属瑞金医院行腹腔镜修补术的225例（246侧）女性腹股沟疝病人的临床资料。采用经腹腹膜前修补术（TAPP）治疗170例（183侧）,全腹膜外修补术（TEP）治疗55例（63侧）。按术中是否保留子宫圆韧带分为保留组（95例,104侧）和切断组（131例,142侧）。对比分析两组病人术中及术后情况。结果 （1）保留组中19侧子宫圆韧带能够自然腹壁化,5侧沿子宫圆韧带两侧切开腹膜后再缝合,均采用传统方法将补片平铺在子宫圆韧带前方;80侧采用内环口整形术（Keyhole法）,将补片置于子宫圆韧带的后方。保留组采用TAPP 90侧（86.5%）,TEP 14侧（13.5%）;切断组采用TAPP 93侧（65.5%）,TEP 49侧（34.5%）（P=0.002）。保留组和切断组病人的平均年龄分别为（41.2±1.7）岁和（62.3±1.2）岁（P<0.000）;手术时间分别为（31.3±1.3）min和（25.0±1.0）min（P<0.000）。（2）手术无中转。术后住院时间为（1.5±0.2）d,2周内均恢复非限制性活动。术后血清肿10例（4.5%）,尿潴留2例（1.0%）。随访期内无复发。结论 腹腔镜手术治疗女性腹股沟疝时,子宫圆韧带是否切断须考虑年龄、手术时间、复发率等多方面因素;如保留子宫圆韧带,切开腹膜再缝合和Keyhole法是可选择的两种方法。     

成年女性腹股沟疝治疗难点及关键问题

虽然女性腹股沟疝的发病率远低于男性,但其腹股沟区不同于男性的解剖结构与生理特性使得女性腹股沟疝的治疗具有自身的特殊性。择期行基于补片的腹膜前无张力疝修补术是成年女性腹股沟疝的最主要手段,腹腔镜腹股沟疝修补术(LIHR)因其安全有效及更好的术后恢复效果被越来越多学者所采用。正确认识与处理女性特有的子宫圆韧带、子宫圆韧带囊肿、妊娠期子宫圆韧带静脉曲张(RLV)对于提高女性腹股沟疝治疗效果,避免并发症的发生具有重要意义。     

腹腔镜腹膜前疝修补新方法

目的:探讨腹腔镜腹膜前疝修补新方法的临床应用价值。方法:采用自行设计的腹腔镜腹膜前疝修补术治疗5例腹股沟疝患者,经腹腔在腹腔镜下旷置疝囊,在疝环口内外侧纵行切开并潜行游离腹膜,于腹膜前放置补片,覆盖疝环口,再用脐外侧韧带覆盖补片。结果:手术均获成功,无并发症发生,随访1年未见复发。结论:腹腔镜腹膜前疝修补新方法安全,可靠,方便易行,术后患者康复快、疼痛轻、效果好。     

腹腔镜全腹膜外疝修补术治疗腹股沟疝合并子宫圆韧带囊肿

目的探讨腹腔镜全腹膜外疝修补术治疗腹股沟疝合并子宫圆韧带囊肿的价值。方法 2012年6月～2017年12月,对10例成年女性腹股沟疝合并子宫圆韧带囊肿行腹腔镜全腹膜外疝修补及子宫圆韧带囊肿切除术。结果 10例术中证实均为腹股沟斜疝合并子宫圆韧带囊肿,均顺利完成腹腔镜手术。无术后出血、切口感染等并发症。术后随访6～36个月,平均19个月,均无复发。结论腹腔镜全腹膜外疝修补术治疗成年腹股沟疝合并子宫圆韧带囊肿安全可行。     

腹腔镜疝修补术治疗腹股沟疝合并子宫圆韧带囊肿

目的探讨腹股沟疝合并子宫圆韧带囊肿治疗方法。 方法回顾性分析2019年1月至2020年12月青岛大学附属医院诊治的10例腹股沟疝合并子宫圆韧带囊肿患者,行完全腹膜外疝修补术（TEP）/经腹腹膜前疝修补术（TAPP）联合子宫圆韧带囊肿切除手术,观察并记录手术处理方法、手术时间、住院时间及术后并发症发生情况。 结果10例患者中6例行TAPP治疗,4例行TEP治疗;均在腹腔镜下完成手术,无中转开放手术病例;术中全部确诊为腹股沟疝合并子宫圆韧带囊肿,无对侧隐匿疝患者;患者疝环直径平均（2.1±0.4）cm,平均手术时间（47.4±9.5）min,平均住院时间（2.54±0.43）d;术后随访（24.3±15.2）个月无囊肿复发、疝复发、感染、疼痛。 结论腹股沟疝合并子宫圆韧带囊肿行腹腔镜下治疗能够获得显著疗效。     

腹腔镜经腹腹膜前疝修补术治疗腹股沟疝合并子宫圆韧带囊肿的临床体会

目的探讨腹腔镜治疗女性腹股沟疝合并子宫圆韧带囊肿的临床疗效。方法回顾性分析2007年5月至2015年12月,新疆自治区人民医院8例成年女性腹股沟疝合并子宫圆韧带囊肿并行腹腔镜下修补术患者的临床资料。结果 8例患者均顺利完成腹腔镜经腹腹膜前疝修补术,术中证实均为腹股沟斜疝合并子宫圆韧带囊肿;术后无腹腔脏器损伤、术后出血、感染、尿潴留等并发症的发生,所有患者随访期间均无复发。结论腹腔镜下治疗女性腹股沟疝合并子宫圆韧带囊肿是安全可行的,并且具有创伤小、恢复快、美观等优点。     

腹腔镜经腹腔腹膜前疝修补术218例报告

目的：探讨成人腹股沟疝行腹腔镜经腹腔腹膜前疝修补术（transabdominal preperitoneal,TAPP）的安全性、实用性及简便性。方法：为218例成人腹股沟疝患者行TAPP,术中将操作加以改良。环形切开内环口周围腹膜并向头侧方向分离腹膜瓣,常规游离腹壁下血管、精索血管及输精管,将补片一侧剪开后穿过并包绕腹壁下血管、精索血管及输精管,钉夹固定补片,用扳直的圆针1-0可吸收线外荷包缝合内环口周围腹膜瓣一周后收紧打结。结果：218例手术均获成功,手术时间平均（50±15）min,术后2-4 d出院,出血量5-10 ml。术后8例发生外环口皮下积液或积血,经穿刺抽液、抽血后痊愈;2例肠麻痹,经对症处理后痊愈;无疝复发及其他并发症发生。结论：此术式治疗成人腹股沟疝操作更简便,更美观,分离腹股沟管后内侧壁间隙更容易,便于置入足够大的补片,利于防止术后复发,更符合腹股沟管缺损的解剖要求,修补更牢固,可显著降低术后复发率。     

Laparoscopic Repair of Larrey (Left-Sided Morgagni) Hernia: Technical Considerations

In 1769, Morgagni described the diaphragmatic hernia carrying his name, whist doing a post mortem on a head injury patient. Independently, Larrey had described a left-sided “anterior sternoscostal” hernia, and so left-sided Morgagni hernia is also known as a Larrey hernia. It is a very rare type of congenital diaphragmatic hernia with an incidence of 1–3%. It is caused by failure of fusion in the anterior portion of the pleuroperitoneal membrane resulting in retrosternal defect in the diaphragm. Although infants present with recurrent respiratory infections, they can often go unnoticed for several decades. In this case report, we present a 48-year-old male, diagnosed with Larrey hernia who underwent successful total laparoscopic suture repair and Meshplasty. The sac contents were reduced, and the sac was not excised. The edges were approximated, and the mesh was placed to widely cover the defect and suture to the abdominal wall all around. Relevant literature and technical considerations are discussed in this article.     

Dual mesh repair for a large diaphragmatic hernia defect: An unusual case report

IntroductionDiaphragmatic hernia secondary to traumatic rupture is a rare entity which can occur after stab wound injuries or blunt abdominal traumas. We aimed to report successfully management of dual mesh repair for a large diaphragmatic defect.Case reportA 66-year-old male was admitted with a right sided diaphragmatic hernia which occurred ten years ago due to a traffic accident. He had abdominal pain with worsened breath. Chest X-ray showed an elevated right diaphragm. Further, thoraco-abdominal computerized tomography detected herniation a part of the liver, gallbladder, stomach, and omentum to the right hemi-thorax. It was decided to diaphragmatic hernia repair. After an extended right subcostal laparotomy, a giant right sided diaphragmatic defect measuring 25 × 15 cm was found in which the liver, gallbladder, stomach and omentum were herniated. The abdominal organs were reducted to their normal anatomic position and a dual mesh graft was laid to close the diaphragmatic defect. Patients’ postoperative course was uneventful.DiscussionDiaphragmatic hernia secondary to trauma is more common on the left side of the diaphragm (left/right = 3/1). A right sided diaphragmatic hernia including liver, stomach, gallbladder and omentum is extremely rare. The main treatment of diaphragmatic hernias is primary repair after reduction of the herniated organs to their anatomical position. However, in the existence of a large hernia defect where primary repair is not possible, a dual mesh should be considered.ConclusionA dual mesh repair can be used successfully in extensive large diaphragmatic hernia defects when primary closure could not be achieved.     

Diaphragmatic Morgagni hernia in adulthood: correct preoperative diagnosis is possible with newer imaging techniques

Morgagni hernia is a rare type of diaphragmatic hernia. It is frequently associated with elusive clinical and radiological findings in the adult and consequently, diagnosis and appropriate therapy are usually delayed. We describe a case in which a Morgagni hernia presented as a right sided cardiophrenic mass on a routine chest X-ray. The diaphragmatic defect was further confirmed by computed tomography (CT), by a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the chest. The defect was closed by a prolene mesh.     

Simplified repair of femoral and recurrent inguinal hernias by a "plug" technic

A new technic for the repair of femoral and recurrent inguinal hernias is presented. The use of a polypropylene mesh “plug” to occlude the defect corrects the hernia without extensive dissection. A five year experience has verified the efficacy of this simplified procedure.     

Laparoscopic repair of missed blunt diaphragmatic rupture using a prosthesis

A 54-year-old man underwent a therapeutic laparoscopy for giant diaphragmatic rupture complicating a blunt trunk trauma that had occurred 13 months earlier. Laparoscopy revealed a left hemidiaphragm 12-cm defect with an intrathoracic herniation of the omentum, the entire gastric fundus, the splenic flexure of the colon, and the two upper thirds of the spleen. The defect was not suitable for primary suture due to the diaphragmatic edges retraction. We repaired the hernia using a large polypropylene mesh covering the defect with 2-cm overlap. There was no intraoperative surgical or anesthetic complication. Postoperative course was uneventful and 3-month follow-up confirmed the healing of the diaphragmatic hernia. This case is discussed regarding the safety of the procedure, the best minimally invasive approach, and technical aspects of the repair. Received: 6 June 1997/Accepted: 11 August 1997     

Spigelian hernia repair as a day-case procedure

Purpose

Only a few series of patients with a spigelian hernia managed on an outpatient basis have been reported in the literature. The aim of this prospective study was to evaluate the results of the elective spigelian hernia repair as an ambulatory procedure.

Methods

From June 2007 to June 2010, 8 patients with 9 spigelian hernias were electively operated on under local anesthesia as a day case. Four patients had unilateral spigelian hernia, 1 had spigelian and inguinal on the same side, 1 had spigelian and epigastric, 1 had spigelian and umbilical, and 1 patient had bilateral spigelian and umbilical hernia. Spigelian hernia was managed by the “open preperitoneal flat mesh technique.” In patients with several ventral hernias at different sites, “the open preperitoneal flat mesh technique” was performed using one separate flat mesh for each of the hernias; for the patient with inguinal hernia, the Lichtenstein procedure was performed in addition.

Results

No complications and recurrences were recorded during a mean follow-up of 23.5 months (range: 11–35).

Conclusion

The elective spigelian hernia can be successfully repaired under local anesthesia as a day-case procedure. The “open preperitoneal flat mesh technique” provides excellent results under these conditions.     

Thoracic kidney nephrectomy due to recurrent Bochdalek hernia in an adult

Congenital diaphragmatic hernia incidence is one in 3000 live births, Bochdalek hernia occurs through a posterolateral defect. It is very rare in adults. We present a case of late relapsed one diagnosed in an adult male. He underwent an open intervention of Bochdalek hernia at first day of life and required reintervention at seventh month due to recurrence. Now, computerized tomography scan demonstrates a right diaphragmatic defect with intrathoracic hydronephrotic kidney. Nephrectomy was performed with Video-assisted Thoracic Surgery using laparoscopic ports and material. The diaphragmatic defect was closed with a polypropylene mesh. The patient was discharged after 72 h.     

Recurrent paraesophageal hernia due to diaphragm rupture: a case report

A 58-year-old male patient was operated for complaints of dysphagia, anemia and retrosternal discomfort due to a type II hiatal hernia. A complete hernia sac excision and posterior crural repair was performed laparoscopically with support of the da Vinci™ robotic system. An antireflux procedure was not performed because of the absence of gastroesophageal reflux disease. Nine months after surgery the patient presented with recurrent complaints of dysphagia and retrosternal pain. Barium esophagram series revealed a recurrent paraesophageal hernia which was confirmed on esophagogastroscopy. A robot-assisted re-laparoscopy was performed. Left to the still intact hiatoplasty of the original operation a tear in the diaphragm, through which part of the stomach covered with peritoneum had herniated, was encountered. The hernia sac was excised, the diaphragmatic defect closed and reinforced with an expanded polytetrafluoroethylene strip of 5×8 cm. After surgery the patient recovered quickly, oral intake was resumed on the first postoperative day and the hospital stay was 3 days. The use of prosthetic mesh to reinforce the hiatoplasty and the addition of an antireflux procedure after hiatal hernia repair are ongoing controversial aspects of hiatal hernia repair. Reports on laparoscopic redo surgery for recurrent diaphragmatic hernia are limited and will be addressed in this case report, in perspective of the aforementioned controversial components.     

Asymptomatic congenital intrapericardial diaphragmatic hernia and epigastric hernia in the adult

The congenital intrapericardial hernia is a rare kind of diaphragmatic hernia. It is due to an embryologic defect of the central tendon of the diaphragm, often accompanied by other congenital malformations. This work presents a unique case report in the literature of the congenital association between intrapericardial diaphragmatic hernia and epigastric hernia in an adult woman. In spite of herniation of the colon and omentum the patient was completely asymptomatic, requesting surgery for an epigastric hernia for aesthetic reasons. The defect of the diaphragm was sutured and the abdominal wall was repaired with a prosthetic mesh.     

Morgagni hernia: Repair with a mesh using laparoscopic surgery

The aim of this study is to present two patients diagnosed with diaphragmatic Morgagni hernia and treated by repairing the hernia defect with a mesh by laparoscopic surgery. We describe the placement of a double-layer mesh anchored with helicoidal staples to repair the hernia defect using laparoscopic surgery. Laparoscopic surgery allows repair of these defects whilst avoiding the disadvantages of a major laparotomy or a thoracotomy. The existence of double-layer meshes that can be placed in contact with the abdominal viscera allows the defect to be closed safely and without tension.