曲克芦丁脑蛋白水解物对老年患者高血压脑卒中后认知功能障碍的影响

目的曲克芦丁脑蛋白水解物对老年患者高血压脑卒中后认知功能障碍的应用效果及安全性。方法选取本院收治的高血压脑卒中老年患者100例,采用随机数字表法分为2组:曲克芦丁脑蛋白水解物组(R组)和生理盐水组(N组),每组50例。两组患者入院后均给予常规支持治疗,R组在常规支持治疗基础上输注曲克芦丁脑蛋白水解物注射液,N组给予同等剂量生理盐水输注。分别在治疗前、治疗后15d、治疗后30d及治疗后60d采用MMSE评估患者认知功能。结果与N组相比,R组患者认知功能障碍发生率明显下降(P<0.05);与治疗前相比,R组患者30d后MMSE评分明显升高(P<0.05)。结论曲克芦丁脑蛋白水解物可有效改善老年患者高血压脑卒中后认知障碍,提高患者生活质量。     

血糖变异性和高血糖对急性缺血性脑卒中后认知功能障碍的影响

目的本次研究的目的是探讨血糖变异性和高血糖对急性缺血性脑卒中(AIS)后认知功能障碍的影响。方法选取2016年4月至2018年8月本院收治的148例AIS后认知功能障碍患者作为研究对象进行前瞻性研究。记录患者入院72 h内的平均血糖水平及血糖水平的标准差。根据血糖水平的标准差将所有患者分为血糖变异组和无血糖变异组;根据平均血糖水平将所有患者分为高血糖组和无高血糖组。比较各组患者的临床基本信息。所有患者均进行2w标准治疗,比较各组患者治疗前及治疗1d、3d、7d、30d和90d后的简易精神状态检查量表(MMSE)和蒙特利尔认知评估量表(MoCA)评分的变化。结果无血糖变异组和无高血糖组患者与血糖变异组和高血糖组患者的年龄、NIHSS评分及糖尿病史比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。各组患者治疗后MoCA及MMSE评分均显著高于治疗前(P<0.05)。无血糖变异组和无高血糖组患者治疗前MoCA及MMSE评分分别显著高于血糖变异组和高血糖组患者(P<0.05)。无血糖变异组和无高血糖组患者治疗后MoCA及MMSE评分亦分别显著优于血糖变异组和高血糖组患者(P<0.05)。结论血糖变异性和高血糖均能显著提高AIS后患者的认知功能障碍水平并抑制其认知功能障碍的治疗效果。     

注射用脑蛋白水解物(Ⅱ)对急性脑梗死患者的临床疗效观察

目的研究注射用脑蛋白水解物(Ⅱ)对急性脑梗死(ACI)患者的神经功能缺损及认知功能的影响。方法选取2017年9月至2018年2月河北医科大学第二医院神经内科收治的ACI患者(发病≤3d)患者100例,随机分为治疗组和对照组,各50例。对照组予以ACI患者常规治疗,治疗组在对照组基础上加用注射用脑蛋白水解物(Ⅱ),连续使用(14±3)d,对比两组患者美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表(NIHSS)、简易智力状态检查量表(MMSE)、蒙特利尔认知评估量表(MOCA)、改良Rankin量表(MRS)评分。结果对照组中1例患者出院后随访中因心肌梗死死亡,予以停止随访观察。治疗前,治疗组及对照组的NIHSS、MMSE、MOCA、MRS评分比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗后,两组各自组内比较第7天、14天、30天两组NIHSS、MMSE、MOCA、MRS评分较治疗前均有改善(P0.05),两组MRS评分组间比较改善值差异无统计学意义(P0.05);治疗组NIHSS评分、MMSE评分、MOCA评分组间比较总改善值显著高于对照组(P0.05)。结论注射用脑蛋白水解物(Ⅱ)能明显改善ACI患者神经功能缺损和认知功能障碍,有临床应用价值。     

修正蒙特利尔认知评估量表评估脑白质疏松症认知功能障碍的效果研究

目的探讨修正的蒙特利尔认知评估量表(MoCA)评估脑白质疏松症认知功能障碍的应用效果。方法选取本院诊治的脑白质疏松症认知功能障碍患者53例为观察组,选取本院同期健康体检人员53例为对照组,均行MoCA和简易精神状态量表(MMSE)评定,比较2组MoCA和MMSE评分结果以及观察组不同严重程度间MoCA和MMSE的评分结果,分析MoCA和MMSE的诊断价值,分析MoCA、MMSE与脑白质疏松症认知功能障碍的相关性。结果观察组MoCA、MMSE量表视觉空间与执行能力评分、命名评分、注意力评分、语言评分、延迟回忆评分、抽象评分、定向力评分、总评分均明显低于对照组。中度认知功能障碍患者MoCA评分、MMSE评分均明显低于轻度认知功能障碍患者,重度认知功能障碍患者均明显低于轻度和中度认知功能障碍患者。MoCA的灵敏度、阴性预测值、约登指数均明显高于MMSE,MoCA的特异度明显低于MMSE,但差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。MoCA的阳性预测值低于MMSE,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。MoCA与MMSE具有明显的正相关性,MoCA、MMSE与脑白质疏松症认知功能障碍均具有明显负相关性。结论 MoCA是脑白质疏松症认知功能障碍的有效评估方法,与患者认知功能障碍的严重程度密切相关,灵敏度高,值得临床推广使用。     

合并OSAHS的脑梗死患者脑微出血与认知障碍及P-Tau蛋白水平的关系

目的 观察合并阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征（OSAHS）的脑梗死患者脑微出血（CMBs）情况、认知功能、过度磷酸化Tau(P-Tau)蛋白表达水平情况，分析其在合并OSAHS脑梗死组与对照组之间的差异性，并进一步探讨合并OSAHS的脑梗患者的认知功能损害程度及过度磷酸化Tau(P-Tau)蛋白表达水平与脑微出血的相关性。方法 前瞻性分析2019年12月―2022年12月期间我院卒中中心收治的脑梗死患者199例，其中94例为合并OSAHS的脑梗死患者，105例为未合并OSAHS脑梗死患者，评估两组CMBs和MoCA评分情况；比较两组患者在治疗前、治疗7 d后及治疗14 d后，其P-Tau蛋白水平变化；以受试者工作特征（ROC）曲线描述合并OSAHS的脑梗死CMBs患者治疗前P-Tau蛋白水平对其认知功能的预测效能，经Pearson相关系数分析合并OSAHS的脑梗死CMBs患者MoCA量表各维度评分结果与治疗前P-Tau蛋白水平的相关性；以MoCA量表得分为认知功能障碍程度评估依据，将94例患者分为轻度障碍组、中度障碍组与重度障碍组，比较3亚组患者治疗前P-Tau蛋白水平差异。结果 合并...     

H型高血压与脑小血管病认知功能障碍相关性研究

目的探讨H型高血压与脑小血管病认知功能障碍相关性。方法选择2015年8月-2017年7月在青岛城阳人民医院神经内科住院的原发高血压患者100例,根据是否合并Hcy升高分为3组:非H型高血压组、H型高血压1组、H型高血压2组; 3组患者简易精神状态量表(MMSE)、蒙特利尔认知评估中文版(M0CA)和日常生活能力量表(ADL)进行认知功能评定。根据MMSE评分、MoCA及ADL评分,将H型高血压患者分为认知功能正常组、轻度认知功能障碍组、认知功能障碍组。结果与非H型高血压组相比较,H型高血压1组及H型高血压2组的MMSE评分及MoCA评分降低;与H型高血压1组相比较,H型高血压2组的血浆Hcy水平显著升高,MMSE评分及MoCA评分降低。H型高血压患者MoCA评分与餐后血糖及血浆Hcy水平呈显著负相关。结论 H型高血压患者更易发生脑小血管病认知功能损害,且认知功能损害的程度与血浆Hcy水平呈正相关。     

慢性脑供血不足患者认知功能障碍的MMSE和MoCA量表评估

目的通过简易精神状态量表(Mini-Mental State Exam,MMSE)和蒙特利尔认知评估量表(Montreal Cognitive Assessment,MoCA)评估慢性脑供血不足(Chronic Cerebral Circulation Insufficiency,CCCI)患者的认知功能障碍特征及两个量表的敏感性和相关性。方法选取2009年5月-2010年3月吉林大学第一医院神经内科的慢性脑供血不足患者63例作为病例组,同时选取资料相当的中老年人55例作为对照组,通过MMSE和MoCA评估认知障碍特征以及两个量表的敏感性和相关性。结果 (1)病例组与对照组通过MoCA比较,认知功能障碍在视空间执行能力、语言能力与命名及延迟回忆方面病例组得分低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);(2)在认知功能障碍检出率方面,MoCA明显大于MMSE,差异有显著性意义(P0.01),同时认为MoCA评分21分可能是区分轻、重度认知功能障碍的界值点。结论 (1)CCCI患者认知功能障碍以视空间执行能力、语言能力与命名及延迟回忆方面为著;(2)MoCA比MMSE更易于筛查出CCCI患者的认知功能障碍,并且认为MoCA评分21分可能是区分轻、重度认知功能障碍的界值点。这有利于临床中对CCCI患者早期发现及防治。     

奥拉西坦与吡拉西坦治疗脑卒中后认知功能障碍的疗效对比

目的探讨奥拉西坦治疗脑卒中后认知功能障碍的临床疗效和安全性。方法选取2013-02—2014-02我院收治的脑卒中后认知功能障碍患者120例,按照随机数字表法分为观察组和对照组各60例,观察组给予奥拉西坦治疗,对照组给予吡拉西坦治疗,2组疗程均为6个月。观察2组治疗前后蒙特利尔认知评估量表(MoCA)、简易智能量表(MMSE)及日常生活能力量表(ADL)评分的变化,并评价疗效。结果治疗前2组MoCA、MMSE、ADL评分比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05);治疗后,2组MoCA、MMSE、ADL评分均较治疗前明显改善,观察组改善情况明显优于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);观察组MoCA、MMSE、ADL评分改善总有效率均明显高于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。2组不良反应发生率均较低,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论奥拉西坦可明显改善脑卒中患者的认知功能,临床疗效优于吡拉西坦,且安全性较好。     

脑型Wilson病患者认知功能障碍与负性情绪研究

目的 分析脑型WD患者的认知功能损害与负性情绪的特点.方法 对30例脑型WD患者和30例对照者组采用简易智能量表(MMSE)、MoCA量表进行认知功能评估.采用抑郁自评量表(SDS)和焦虑自评量表(SAS)进行情绪状态评估,并进行分析.结果 脑型WD患者组MMSE、MoCA量表评分均较正常组低,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);脑型WD患者组SDS评分和SAS评分均较正常组高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01).结论 脑型WD患者存在认知功能损害和明显的抑郁和焦虑情绪.神经精神量表是客观的评价脑型WD患者神经心理状况的有效手段.     

急性轻型脑梗死及短暂性脑缺血患者认知障碍的危险因素分析

目的探讨急性轻型缺血性脑卒中(NIHSS评分5分)及短暂性脑缺血患者认知功能障碍的危险因素。方法纳入急性轻型缺血性卒中及TIA患者93人,收集患者的血液学检查、头部MRI、颈动脉超声等临床资料,入院后3 d内采用简易精神状态评估量表(MMSE)评分评估患者的认知功能,分为认知功能障碍组及非障碍组,对两组的临床资料进行统计学分析。结果 45. 1%的轻型缺血性卒中合并认知障碍,认知障碍与认知正常两组间单因素分析表明患者的受教育水平、年龄、既往静息性腔梗、超敏C-反应蛋白(HS-CRP)增高是急性轻型脑梗死及TIA后认知功能障碍的独立危险因素(P 0. 05),相关分析表明HS-CRP水平与MMSE评分无线性相关(P0. 05)。结论 HS-CRP增高及既往静息性腔梗是急性轻型缺血性脑卒中和TIA后认知功能障碍的独立危险因素。     

Denervation study of synapses of organ of corti of old world monkeys

Fine structural characteristics of synapses in the spiral organ of Corti were examined, with reference to differences between inner and outer haircell systems, and to location of neurons of origin of efferent axons. Surgical interruption of crossed olivocochlear bundle, of vestibular nerve, of facial nerve, and excision of superior cervical ganglia were used to determine the pathways of efferent axons. Interruption of the vestibular nerve near the brainstem results in degeneration of all efferent terminals on outer hair cells. Mid-line lesions at, and caudal to, the facial colliculus result in degeneration of about half of these efferent terminals. Efferent synaptic bulbs to the inner hair-cell system are small, of the order of one micron, and form type 2 junctions with afferent dendrites. They tend to have more large dense-core vesicles (about 80 nm) than the large efferent terminals of the outer hair-cell system, and appear to be the terminals of axons in the habenula perforata, which exhibit varicosities laden with large dense core vesicles. The varicosities are unaffected by excision of the superior cervical ganglia. So far as our material can reveal, it appears that the varicosities in the habenula perforata do not survive vestibular root interruption, nor do the efferent processes in the internal spiral bundle or at the base of inner hair cells. Most interestingly, the afferent processes of the inner hair-cell system, as identified for example by their relation to pre-synaptic bodies in the inner hair cells, are subject to a trans-synaptic reaction after severance of the vestibular root. They undergo a dramatic cytological transformation, characterized by increase of volume, engorgement with microtubules, microfilaments, microvesicles of various sizes, and clusters of lysosomes. Thus, both the efferent and afferent terminals of the inner hair-cell system show marked cytological differences from the corresponding terminals of the outer hair cell system.     

Summary of legislation of 1935 of interest to the department of Mental Hygiene

Psychiatric Quarterly -     

Summary of legislation of 1941 of interest to the Department of Mental Hygiene

Psychiatric Quarterly -     

Asymmetry of on- and off-pathways of blue-sensitive cones of the retina of macaques

Macaque retinal ganglion cells whose receptive-field center recieves input from blue-sensitive cones show an overt asymmetry of the frequency of ON-center and OFF-center varieties, an asymmetry not present in ganglion cells whose center receives input from the other two cone types. A similar asymmetry of ON/OFF responses is found in the local electrotetinogram (d-wave) mediated by signals from blue-sensitive cones. ‘Blue-ON-center’ ganglion cells have larger receptive-field centers and shorter conduction latencies than other opponent-color varieties, suggesting an appreciable degree of receptor convergence and presumably large cell bodies. Intracellular stainings of these neurons with Procion Yellow show that they correspond to diffuse stratified (Parasol) ganglion cells whose flat-topped dendritic arborization stratifies in the sclerad half of the inner plexiform layer. In view of the known characteristics of macaque bipolar cells and of the ON/OFF asymmetry, it is proposed that these ganglion cells are postsynaptic to cone-specific flat bipolars possibly mediating sign-inverting synaptic contacts. The results also indicate a reversal, for the blue-cone pathway, of the ON/OFF lamination of the inner plexiform layer that has recently been described in other species.     

Mechanism of action of tubocurarine on nicotinic cholinoreceptors of neurons of the sympathetic ganglia of rats

Tubocurarine (Tc) effect on membrane currents elicited by acetylcholine (ACh) was studied in isolated superior cervical ganglion neurons of rat using patch-clamp method in the whole-cell recording mode. The "use-dependent" block of ACh current by Tc was revealed in the experiments with ACh applications, indicating that Tc blocked the channels opened by ACh. Mean lifetime of Tc-open channel complex, tau, was found to be 9.8 +/- 0.5 s (n = 7) at -50 mV and 20-24 degrees C. tau exponentially increased with membrane hyperpolarization (e-fold change in tau corresponded to the membrane potential shift by 61 mV). Inhibition of the ACh-induced current by Tc (3-30 microM/1) was completely abolished by membrane depolarization to the level of 80-100 mV. Inhibition of ACh-induced current was augmented at increased ACh doses. It is concluded that the open channel block produced by Tc is likely to be the only mechanism for Tc action on nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in superior cervical ganglion neurons of rat.