经导管射频消融治疗阵发性室上性心动过速21例报告

以射频消融治疗21例(22次)阵发性室上性心动过速患者,其中房室结双径路5例;附加房室旁道16例(显性A型预激综合征12例、隐匿性左侧旁道2例、B型预激综合征2例).16例附加旁道患者中共18条旁路,其中左侧壁12,中间隔左侧3,左前壁、右前间壁及右侧壁各1例.除1例右侧壁第一次消融不成功而一个月后再次消融成功外,其余首次全部消融成功(100%).5例房室结双径路患者1例阻断快通道,其余4例成功地阻断慢通道.无严重并发症.随访4—16周均未复发.     

射频消融后旁路传导复发的相关因素

射频消融房室旁路患者114例，成功地消融了125条旁路，经随访12个月，旁路复发10例（8％）。旁路复发11％～29％分布在前间隔、后间隔和右侧游离壁，左侧游离壁复发仅占4％。消融时未记录到旁路电位是很强的预示旁路复发的因素。25例未记录到旁路电位的有16％复发，而记录到旁路电位的89例仅6％复发（P＜0．01）。结论：旁路复发与消融时未记录到旁路电位以及旁路的部位有关。右侧游离壁、间隔以及隐匿性旁路复发相对较高，与旁路不能精确定位有关。     

射频消融治疗儿童室上性心动过速的临床疗效评价

目的 探讨经导管射频消融术治疗儿童室上性心动过速的安全性和有效性.方法 回顾分析了本院39例室上性心动过速儿童射频消融治疗情况.结果 39例患儿均未发现器质性心脏病,其中男21例,女18例;年龄4.7～18.4(11.0±3.5)岁.心内电生理检查证实房室折返25例(64.1％),房室结折返11例(28.2％),持续性房速3例(7.7％).25例房室折返患儿中,显性旁道12例,隐匿性旁道13例;左侧游离壁旁道9例,右侧游离壁旁道8例,右侧间隔旁道8例.本组消融成功率37例(94.9％),2例复发(5.1％),术后随访所有患儿无消融相关并发症的发生.结论 经导管射频消融术治疗儿童室上性心动过速是安全、有效的.     

预激综合征患者经射频导管消融阻断房室旁路术后房室旁路显性传导短暂恢复的处理思路

目的：探讨预激综合征（WPW）患者经射频导管消融（RFCA）阻断房室旁路（AP）术后,数小时内AP短暂恢复房室显性传导的处理策略。方法：回顾性分析连续1378例接受RFCA治疗成功的持续性WPW患者,剔除间歇性WPW和RFCA失败患者。记录分析所有患者的临床资料、电生理检查结果、病情转归及随访情况。结果：依据RFCA术后结果将1378例WPW患者分为3组。1356例直接取得成功（直接成功组）,8例患者术后WPW短暂恢复房室显性传导（WPW短暂恢复组）,14例RFCA术后WPW复发（WPW复发组）。WPW短暂恢复组与直接成功组的消融靶点局部心室电位提前体表ECG的QRS起始时间无统计学差异[（27±9）ms vs．（28±6）111S],但WPW复发组显著短于直接成功组[（23±9）ms vs．（28±6）ms,P〈0．05]。WPW复发组的消融放电开始至WPW消失时间显著长于另外两组[（12±6）SVS．（5±3）S,（6±3）S,P〈0．05]。WPW短暂恢复组8例患者的AP分别于右后间隔消融成功2例、右游离壁3例、左后间隔1例及左游离壁2例。WPW首次恢复均发生在术后24h内,并均于术后24h内WPW再次消失。WPW短暂恢复组的WPW首次复发和持续时间均显著短于WPW复发组[（9±5）hw．（56±38）d,P〈0．05]和[（12±6）h掷．≥72h,P〈0．05）。WPW短暂恢复组中的5例患者于术后72h以后接受了再次电生理检查,证实已消融的AP前向和逆向传导功能均已被成功阻断;另外3例患者选择了临床观察。经随访6个月以上,该8例患者WPW未再复发亦无室上性心动过速发生。结论：WPW患者经RFCA后出现WPW短暂恢复的患者,可继续观察,若WPW再次消失,可临床随访,无需再次行电生理检查及射频消融术。     

射频消融右侧房室旁路治疗房室折返性心动过速

以射频电流消融6例预激综合征患者的右侧旁路。其中右前间隔旁路3条,右后间隔1条,右游离壁2条。平均放电21次,平均累积电能23000J。6条旁路均被阻断,无严重并发症。平均随访7个月,均未复发。     

房室折返性心动过速射频消融术后复发原因分析

目的探讨房室折返性心动过速(AVRT)患者射频消融(RFCA)术后复发率、复发原因。方法回顾分析2017年1月至2019年10月间收治的323例AVRT患者的临床资料、首次射频消融术资料、随访结果和复发患者二次射频消融术资料。结果 323例患者中男性196(60.9%)例,年龄(40.2±14.3)岁,术中即刻成功率99.7%,随访(20.0±12.7)个月,复发21(6.5%)例。复发患者的旁道分布:左侧游离壁10例、右侧游离壁7例、前间隔2例、后间隔2例。术中使用三维标测的复发率低于传统标测复发率(2.8%vs 9.5%,P=0.015),与复发组相比未复发组V/A融合时限短[(74.3±3.6)ms vs (80.7±3.1)ms,P0.05],逆传A波更提前[(24.2±2.8)ms vs (17.3±3.9)ms,P0.05],靶点心室电位提前QRS波时间更长[(25.4±2.3)ms vs (22.2±1.4)ms,P0.05],消融反应时间更短[(4.4±1.8)s vs (8.9±3.5)s,P0.05]。左侧旁道患者术中采用主动脉逆行途径的复发率低于穿间隔途径(1.8%vs 7.1%,P0.05)。多因素回归分析显示,术中是否使用三维标测、消融反应时间、逆传A波提前程度是复发的影响因素。复发患者中有20例接受了二次消融手术均消融成功,随访(12.2±8.0)个月未见复发。结论导管消融术治疗AVRT成功率高,复发率较低。术中是否使用三维标测、消融反应时间、逆传A波提前程度是复发的影响因素。     

预激综合征的房室旁道定位

根据国外旁道定位标准结合自己经验绘出心电图导联与房室环平面关系示意图对48例预激综合征房室旁道进行定位:左侧游离壁25例(52.1％),左后游离壁7例(14.6％),后间隔7例(14.6％),前间隔6例(12.5％),右游离壁0例,双旁道3例(6.3％)。手术治疗19例,其中单旁道17例,双旁道2例,共计21条旁道;除1条靠近希氏束的前间隔旁道未切断外,20条旁道均被切断,手术总成功率为95.2％,其中左游离壁旁道(15条)均被切断,成功率为100％。手术结果说明本方法定位简单、精确度较高。     

经导管射频消蚀治疗预激综合征及房室结双径路16例报告

以射频消蚀14例预激综合征(15例次)及2例房室结双径路患者.14例预激综合征患者共16条旁道,其中左游离壁11条,左后间隔、左中间隔、左后侧壁、右前间隔及右游离壁各1条.全部首次消蚀成功(100%).1例12小时后复发者再次消蚀成功.2例房室结双径路患者成功地阻断慢通道.无严重并发症.随访3～16周均未复发.     

射频消融治疗双旁道患者11例

1997年 5月～ 1 999年 1 0月 ,我院为 1 1例双旁道患者行射频消融术获得成功 ,报告如下。1　对象与方法1 .1 　 对象1 1例中男 6例 ,女 5例 ,年龄 1 5～ 68岁 ,有心动过速发作史 3～ 1 7年。术前诊断 :A型预激综合征 6例 ,B型预激综合征 2例 ,阵发性室上性心动过速 3例。术后诊断 :左侧旁道并右侧旁道 4例 ,其中左后间隔并右前间隔旁道 2例 ,左侧壁并右前间隔旁道 1例 ,左侧壁并右游离壁旁道 1例 ;左侧双旁道 6例 ,其中左侧壁并左前壁旁道 1例 ,左后间隔并左前壁旁道 5例 ;右前间隔并右游离壁旁道 1例。1 .2 　 方法按常规消融方法操作。消…     

食管电生理在隐匿性房室旁道定位诊断中的作用

目的探讨食管电生理对隐匿性房室旁道定位的诊断价值。方法回顾性分析69例经心内电生理确诊并成功消融的隐匿性房室旁道患者术前食管电生理指标,观察心动过速诱发时体表心电图逆行P波形态、P波在V1及食管导联的先后顺序。结果不同部位的房室旁路在不同导联上逆行P波形态不同;69例中左侧游离壁旁路48例,P′E领先P′V1,右测游离壁旁道12例,P′V1领先P′E,间隔旁路9例,P′V1与P′E几乎同时出现。结论食管电生理检查对隐匿性房室旁道能进行初步定位,为射频消融手术提供有力帮助。     

Three layer functional model and energy exchange concept of aging process

Relying on a certain degree of abstraction, we can propose that no particular distinction exists between animate or living matter and inanimate matter. While focusing attention on some specifics, the dividing line between the two can be drawn. The most apparent distinction is in the level of structural and functional organization with the dissimilar streams of ‘energy flow’ between the observed entity and the surrounding environment. In essence, living matter is created from inanimate matter which is organized to contain internal intense energy processes and maintain lower intensity energy exchange processes with the environment. Taking internal and external energy processes into account, we contend in this paper that living matter can be referred to as matter of dissipative structure, with this structure assumed to be a common quality of all living creatures and living matter in general. Interruption of internal energy conversion processes and terminating the controlled energy exchange with the environment leads to degeneration of dissipative structure and reduction of the same to inanimate matter, (gas, liquid and/or solid inanimate substances), and ultimately what can be called ‘death.’ This concept of what we call dissipative nature can be extended from living organisms to social groups of animals, to mankind. An analogy based on the organization of matter provides a basis for a functional model of living entities. The models relies on the parallels among the three central structures of any cell (nucleus, cytoplasm and outer membrane) and the human body (central organs, body fluids along with the connective tissues, and external skin integument). This three-part structural organization may be observed almost universally in nature. It can be observed from the atomic structure to the planetary and intergalactic organizations. This similarity is corroborated by the membrane theory applied to living organisms. According to the energy nature of living matter and the proposed functional model, the decreased integrity of a human body's external envelope membrane is a first cause of the structural degradation and aging of the entire organism. The aging process than progresses externally to internally, as in single cell organisms, suggesting that much of the efforts towards the restoration and maintenance of the mechanisms responsible for structural development should be focused accordingly, on the membrane, i.e., the skin. Numerous reports indicate that all parts of the human body, like: bones, blood with blood vessels, muscles, skin, and so on, have some ability for restoration. Therefore, actual revival of not only aging tissue of the human body's membrane, but the entire human body enclosed within, with all internal organs, might be expected. We assess several aging theories within the context of our model and provide suggestions on how to activate the body's own anti-aging mechanisms and increase longevity. This paper presents some analogies and some distinctions that exist between the living dissipative structure matter and inanimate matter, discusses the aging process and proposes certain aging reversal solutions.     

Unusual responses of nocturnal pineal melatonin synthesis and secretion to swimming: Attempts to define mechanisms

Abstract: The effect of swimming at night on rat pineal melatonin synthesis was compared with that of light exposure at night. Rats were forced to swim at 0030 hr (lights out at 2000 hr) and sacrificed by decapitation 15 and 30 min later, immediately after swimming. Other groups of animals were exposed to white light (650μW/cm²) for 15 and 30 min at same time. Swimming caused a rapid and highly significant drop in the melatonin content in the pineal gland; however, the activity of N-acetyltransferase (NAT), the supposed rate limiting enzyme in the melatonin production, was not changed. Despite the drop in pineal melatonin levels, serum concentrations of the indole remained elevated in the rats that swam. In contrast, melatonin levels in the pineal and serum of light exposed rats fell precipitously, accompanied by a significant suppression of NAT activity. Since we anticipated that the strenuous exercise associated with swimming may induce release of artrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) from the heart, which in turn could cause the release of pineal melatonin, in a second study we injected physiological saline intravenously to stretch the cardiac muscle and release ANP. Three milliliters of normal saline was injected during the day into the jugular vein of anesthetized rats that were pretreated with isoproterenol to stimulate pineal melatonin production. Animals were killed 15 min after the saline injection, and pineal NAT activity and pineal melatonin levels were measured. The saline injections caused no alteration in the elevated levels of either NAT or melatonin. These data suggest that the disparity in pineal NAT activity (which was high) and pineal melatonin (which was low), in animals swum at night, may not be caused by ANP which is released during strenuous exercise such as swimming.     

The immunoneuroendocrine role of melatonin

Abstract: A tight, physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging from a series of experimental studies. This link might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin seems to have an immunoenhancing effect that is particularly apparent in immunodepressive states. The negative effect of acute stress or immunosuppressive pharmacological treatments on various immune parameters are counteracted by melatonin. It seems important to note that one of the main targets of melatonin is the thymus, i.e., the central organ of the immune system. The clinical use of melatonin as an immunotherapeutic agent seems promising in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies as well as in cancer immunotherapy. The immunoenhancing action of melatonin seems to be mediated by T-helper cell-derived opioid peptides as well as by lymphokines and, perhaps, by pituitary hormones. Melatonin-induced-immuno-opioids (MHO) and lymphokines imply the presence of specific binding sites or melatonin receptors on cells of the immune system. On the other hand, lymphokines such as -γ-interferon and interleukin-2 as well as thymic hormones can modulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. The pineal gland might thus be viewed as the crux of a sophisticated immunoneuroendocrine network which functions as an unconscious, diffuse sensory organ.     

Melatonin and photoperiodic time measurement: Seasonal breeding in the sheep

Abstract: Well-established circadian physiology supports the view that photoperiodic time measurement utilizes the coincidence between the presence of light and a photosensitive phase of a 'biological clock' to alter reproductive status—the so-called external coincidence model of seasonal breeding. In this review, we examine the mechanism whereby photoperiod interacts with presumed suprachiasmatic nuclei activity to allow endogenous melatonin to normally synchronize reproductive activity to the optimal time of year. The Romney Marsh sheep is particularly explored as an experimental model. It is suggested that the on/off activity of seasonal reproduction may be a robust mechanism able to be predictably manipulated by the judicious use of the light/dark cycle and exogenous melatonin, but firmly based on circadian principles.     

Response of rat pineal melatonin to calcium, magnesium, and lithium is circadian stage dependent

Abstract: Herein we documented the response of pineal melatonin production to electrolytes known to be effective on pineal function in view of a possible circadian stage dependence. We studied the release of melatonin by perifused rat pineal glands at 2 different circadian stages corresponding to the middle of the light and dark periods, i.e., respectively, 7 and 19 HALO (Hours After Light Onset, L:D = 12:12). The initial efflux rates were, as expected, much higher in the perifusates of glands removed from rats sacrificed during the dark phase than of those removed during the light phase. After 3 hr of perifusion, melatonin release reached similar levels which were found constant up to the 8th hr of perifusion, whatever the circadian stage. Perifusion of the glands with physiological concentrations for the rat of calcium (5.2 mmol/1) and magnesium (1.34 mmol/1) resulted in a stimulatory effect on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed in the middle of the dark period (19 HALO), whereas no effects were observed on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed during the light (7 HALO). Lithium (0.28 and 0.55 mmol/1) was ineffective on melatonin release in pineal glands removed 7 and 19 HALO. Our results show differences in the initial efflux rates of melatonin and in the response of perifused pineal glands to calcium and magnesium according to the circadian stage.     

Changes in connexin43, the gap junction protein of astrocytes, during development of the rat pineal gland

Abstract: The abundance of gap junctions between rat pineal astrocytes formed by connexin43 (Cx43) was studied during development. Levels and distribution of Cx43 were measured by immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence, respectively. The amount of Cx43 in cells located within the gland was low until about the 7th postnatal day and increased to adult values between the 14th and 21st days postpartum. Although astrocytes, recognized by their vimentin immunoreactivity, were scarce before birth, they were abundant by the 7th postnatal day suggesting that the low levels of Cx43 found at this age corresponded to a low expression of this protein. Localization of the immunoreactivity to Cx43 and vimentin showed a close correlation, indicating that mature or immature pineal astrocytes form gap junctions made of Cx43. Since Cx43 levels attained their adult values at about the time the innervation and the functional state of the gland reached maturity (2–3 weeks after birth), it is proposed that astrocyte gap junctions are involved in the function of the adult rat pineal gland.     

Conservative management of perforated duodenal diverticulum： A case report and review of the literature

Duodenal diverticula are a relatively common condition. They are asymptomatic, unless they become complicated, with perforation being the rarest but most severe complication. Surgical treatment is the most frequently performed approach. We report the case of a patient with a perforated duodenal diverticulum, which was diagnosed early and treated conservatively with antibiotics and percutaneous drainage of secondary retroperitoneal abscesses. We suggest this method could be an acceptable option for the management of similar cases, provided that the patient is in good general condition and without septic signs.     

Language of CTO interventions – Focus on hardware

The knowledge of variety of chronic total occlusion (CTO) hardware and the ability to use them represents the key to success of any CTO interventions. However, the multiplicity of CTO hardware and their physical character and the terminology used by experts create confusion in the mind of an average interventional cardiologist, particularly a beginner in this field. This knowledge is available but is scattered. We aim to classify and compare the currently used devices based on their properties focusing on how physical character of each device can be utilized in a specific situation, thus clarifying and simplifying the technical discourse.