参麦注射液对心肌梗死患者内皮素及心室重构影响

目的:探讨参麦注射液对急性心肌梗死患者血清内皮素水平及心室重构的影响.方法:急性心肌梗死患者40例分为参麦治疗组及常规治疗组各20例,现察2组患者血中内皮素水平变化;应用心脏彩超测量2组左心室舒张末期内径、收缩及舒张末期容积、左室射血分数及短轴缩短率.并与同期健康体检正常者(对照组)进行对比分析.结果:治疗后4,7 d参麦治疗组血中内皮素水平与常规治疗组比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);治疗后4周常规治疗组左心室舒张末期内径,收缩、舒张末期容积与本组治疗后1周及同期参麦治疗组比较,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05);参麦治疗组左室射血分数和短轴缩短率与本组治疗后1周及同期常规治疗组比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论:参麦注射液可降低急性心肌梗死患者血中内皮素水平,抑制或减轻急性心肌梗死后心室重构的发生、发展,改善左心室功能及预后.     

沙库巴曲缬沙坦联合琥珀酸美托洛尔缓释片对慢性心力衰竭患者的影响

目的：探讨沙库巴曲缬沙坦联合琥珀酸美托洛尔缓释片在慢性心力衰竭患者中的效果。方法：选取2018年8月~2020年8月收治的98例慢性心力衰竭患者,按随机数字表法分为对照组和观察组,各49例。对照组予以琥珀酸美托洛尔缓释片治疗,观察组在对照组基础加用沙库巴曲缬沙坦治疗,连续用药3个月。对比两组N-末端B型利钠肽前体（NT-proBNP）水平与神经内分泌激素水平、心功能、不良反应。结果：治疗前,两组NT-proBNP、血管紧张素Ⅱ（AngⅡ）、醛固酮（ALD）、左心室舒张末期内径（LVEDd）、左心室射血分数（LVEF）、左心室收缩末期内径（LVESd）相比,差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）;治疗3个月后,观察组NT-proBNP、AngⅡ、ALD、LVEDd、LVESd低于对照组,LVEF高于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;两组不良反应比较,差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。结论：沙库巴曲缬沙坦联合琥珀酸美托洛尔缓释片能够降低NT-proBNP水平,抑制神经内分泌激素分泌,改善慢性心力衰竭患者心功能,且无严重不良反应,安全可行。     

苦碟子注射液联合美托洛尔治疗慢性心力衰竭的疗效观察

目的观察苦碟子注射液联合美托洛尔对慢性心力衰竭（CHF）患者的临床治疗效果。方法将60例慢性心力衰竭患者随机分为治疗组和对照组,对照组给予常规治疗,治疗组在对照组基础上加用苦碟子注射液与美托洛尔,治疗前后观察心功能改善情况及心脏超声检查指标。结果治疗组心功能改善的总有效率为90.00%,对照组总有效率66.67%,两组比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。治疗组左室舒张末期内径（LVDD）缩小（P〈0.01）,左室射血分数（LVEF）增加（P〈0.05）,与对照组比较差异有统计学意义。结论苦碟子注射液联合美托洛尔治疗慢性心力衰竭有较好的疗效。     

辛伐他汀治疗慢性心力衰竭及其抗炎机制探讨

目的探讨辛伐他汀治疗慢性心力衰竭的临床效果及其抗炎机制。方法选取2010年1月至2013年1月宣城市中医院收治的90例慢性心力衰竭患者为研究对象,按照治疗方式的不同分为对照组和观察组,对照组给予常规治疗,观察组在此基础上给予辛伐他汀治疗,观察两组患者的临床疗效及症状改善情况。结果两组患者治疗后总有效率比较差异有统计学意义（χ2=16.2743,P=0.0001）,左心室舒张末期内径、左心室收缩末期内径、左心射血分数比较差异均有统计学意义（t=4.8444,4.8474,7.0662,P〈0.05）,再次入院及死亡例数比较差异均有统计学意义（χ2=4.6781,8.6771,P〈0.05）。结论辛伐他汀对慢性心力衰竭患者的治疗效果显著,能有效改善患者的心功能,提高患者生质量,值得临床推广使用。     

舒血宁注射液辅治慢性心力衰竭的疗效观察

目的观察舒血宁注射液辅治慢性心力衰竭（CHF）的疗效。方法将68例NYHA心功能Ⅱ-Ⅳ级的CHF患者随机分为舒血宁治疗组（治疗组,34例）和常规治疗组（对照组,34例）,2组于治疗前后分别测定左室功能指标,同时评估治疗后的NYHA心功能分级。结果治疗后2组NYHA心功能分级均较治疗前改善（P〈0.05或P〈0.01）,且治疗组优于对照组（P〈0.05）;治疗组左室收缩末期容积、左室舒张末期容积减少,左室射血分数提高,与治疗前比较差异有显著性（P〈0.05）。结论舒血宁注射液可作为治疗CHF的有效辅助药物之一。     

芪苈强心胶囊联合心脏康复运动对慢性心力衰竭患者心功能及心室重构的影响分析

目的：探讨芪苈强心胶囊联合心脏康复运动对慢性心力衰竭患者心功能及心室重构的影响。 方法：选取 2018 年 7 月 ~2020 年 7 月接诊的 92 例慢性心力衰竭患者作为研究对象,按照抽签法分成对照组和观察组,各 46 例。对照组给予常规西药联合 心脏康复运动治疗,观察组在对照组基础上加服芪苈强心胶囊。 对比两组患者心功能改善程度、心室重构变化及治疗疗效。 结果： 观察组治疗后左心室射血分数、每搏输出量、心输出量、 6%min 步行距离均高于对照组（ P ＜0.05 ）。 观察组治疗后左心室舒张末期内 径、左心室收缩末期内径、左心室后壁厚度均低于对照组（ P ＜0.05 ）。观察组治疗总有效率高于对照组（ P ＜0.05 ）。结论：在常规治疗 基础上增加芪苈强心胶囊联合心脏康复运动能更加有效地改善慢性心力衰竭患者心功能,逆转或抑制心室重构,获得理想的治疗 效果。     

胸腺五肽联合卡维地洛对扩张型心肌病患者C反应蛋白及心功能的影响

目的：探讨胸腺五肽联合卡维地洛对扩张型心肌病患者C反应蛋白及心功能的影响。方法：选取2017年7月~2018年7月收治的64例扩张型心肌病患者,按随机数字表法分为观察组和对照组,各32例。对照组给予卡维地洛片治疗,观察组在对照组治疗基础上给予胸腺五肽治疗,比较两组C反应蛋白及心功能（左心室收缩末期内径、左心室舒张末期内径、6分钟步行距离、左室射血分数）。结果：治疗后,两组C反应蛋白水平均下降,且观察组低于对照组（P＜0.05）;治疗后,观察组左心室收缩末期内径、左心室舒张末期内径低于对照组（P＜0.05）;治疗后,观察组6 分钟步行距离、左室射血分数高于对照组（P＜0.05）。结论：采用胸腺五肽联合卡维地洛治疗可降低扩张型心肌病患者的C反应蛋白水平,改善心功能。     

瑞舒伐他汀联合参麦注射液治疗老年慢性心力衰竭疗效观察

目的:探讨瑞舒伐他汀联合参麦注射液治疗老年慢性心力衰竭的疗效。方法:选取2016年6月～2019年8月收治的老年慢性心力衰竭患者80例为研究对象,按随机数字表法分成对照组和观察组,各40例。对照组采用参麦注射液治疗,观察组采用瑞舒伐他汀联合参麦注射液治疗,对比两组治疗前后心功能指标、B型脑钠肽、C反应蛋白水平及生活质量评分,治疗期间不良反应发生情况。结果:治疗后观察组左心室射血分数及生活质量评分均高于对照组,左心室舒张末容量、左心室收缩末容量、左心室舒张末期前后径均小于对照组,B型脑钠肽、C反应蛋白水平低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05);两组均未见明显不良反应发生。结论:瑞舒伐他汀联合参麦注射液治疗老年慢性心力衰竭疗效显著,可以改善患者心功能,降低患者机体炎症反应,改善患者生活质量,且安全性较高。     

依那普利对老年风湿性心脏病慢性心力衰竭患者LVEF、血浆BNP水平的影响

目的：探讨依那普利对老年风湿性心脏病慢性心力衰竭患者左心室射血分数、血浆脑钠肽水平的影响。方法：选取2016年8月~2019年9月收治的老年风湿性心脏病慢性心力衰竭患者96例,按随机数字表法分成对照组和观察组,各48例。对照组采用卡维地洛治疗,观察组在对照组基础上加用依那普利治疗。对比两组治疗后左心室射血分数、左心室舒张末期容积、左心室收缩末期容积、左室舒张末期内径、血浆B型脑钠肽水平及不良反应发生情况。结果：治疗后,观察组左心室射血分数高于对照组,左心室舒张末期容积、左心室收缩末期容积、左室舒张末期内径、血浆B型脑钠肽水平均低于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;治疗期间,两组不良反应发生率比较,差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。结论：依那普利治疗老年风湿性心脏病慢性心力衰竭患者的疗效显著,可有效改善心功能与血浆脑钠肽水平,且不良反应发生率低。     

胸腺五肽免疫调节对慢性心力衰竭细胞炎症因子和心功能的影响

探讨在慢性心力衰竭（CHF）治疗中采用胸腺五肽免疫调节对其细胞炎症因子和心功能的影响。方法按纳入标准收集2010年1月至2013年12月76例CHF患者,随机分为治疗组和对照组各38例。对照组给予常规治疗,治疗组在常规治疗基础上,联合应用胸腺五肽免疫调节治疗。分别在用药前、用药第3个疗程后测定两组患者的心脏功能,包括左心室射血分数（LVEF）、左心室舒张末期内径（LVEDD）、左心室收缩末期内径（LVESD）和6 min步行距离试验（6m WT）;检测两组的细胞炎症因子：肿瘤坏死因子α（TNF-α）及白细胞介素（IL）-1β和IL-10。结果经3个疗程治疗后,治疗组的LVEF和6m WT均较治疗前增加（P均〈0.05）;LVEDD和LVESD有降低趋势,但差异无统计学意义（P均〉0.05）。与对照组比较,治疗组的血清IL-10增高,TNF-α、IL-1β降低,差异有统计学意义（P均〈0.05）。结论应用胸腺五肽进行免疫调节治疗能够改善细胞因子的失衡,进而改善CHF患者心功能。     

Guns and Knives in New Mexico: Patterns of Penetrating Trauma, 1978–1993

Objective: To identify patterns of nonfatal and fatal penetrating trauma among children and adults in New Mexico using ED and medical examiner data.
Methods: The authors retrospectively sampled in 5-year intervals all victims of penetrating trauma who presented to either the state Level-1 trauma center or the state medical examiner from a 16-year period (1978–1993). Rates of nonfatal and fatal firearm and stabbing injury were compared for children and adults.
Results: Rates of nonfatal injury were similar (firearm, 34.3 per 100,000 person-years; stabbing, 35.1). However, rates of fatal injury were significantly different (firearm, 21.9; stabbing, 2.7; relative risk: 8.2; 95% confidence interval: 5.4, 12.5). From 1978 to 1993, nonfatal injury rates increased for children (p = 0.0043) and adults (p < 0.0001), while fatal penetrating injury remained constant. The increase in nonfatal injury in children resulted from increased firearm injury rates. In adults, both stabbing and firearm nonfatal injury rates increased.
Conclusions: Nonfatal injury data suggest that nonfatal violence has increased; fatal injury data suggest that violent death rates have remained constant. Injury patterns vary by age, mechanism of trauma, and data source. These results suggest that ED and medical examiner data differ and that both are needed to guide injury prevention programs.     

Dissociable correlates of two classes of retrieval processing in prefrontal cortex

Although substantial evidence suggests that the prefrontal cortex (PFC) implements processes that are critical for accurate episodic memory judgments, the specific roles of different PFC subregions remain unclear. Here, we used event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging to distinguish between prefrontal activity related to operations that (1) influence processing of retrieval cues based on current task demands, or (2) are involved in monitoring the outputs of retrieval. Fourteen participants studied auditory words spoken by a male or female speaker and completed memory tests in which the stimuli were unstudied foil words and studied words spoken by either the same speaker at study, or the alternate speaker. On "general" test trials, participants were to determine whether each word was studied, regardless of the voice of the speaker, whereas on "specific" test trials, participants were to additionally distinguish between studied words that were spoken in the same voice or a different voice at study. Thus, on specific test trials, participants were explicitly required to attend to voice information in order to evaluate each test item. Anterior (right BA 10), dorsolateral prefrontal (right BA 46), and inferior frontal (bilateral BA 47/12) regions were more active during specific than during general trials. Activation in anterior and dorsolateral PFC was enhanced during specific test trials even in response to unstudied items, suggesting that activation in these regions was related to the differential processing of retrieval cues in the two tasks. In contrast, differences between specific and general test trials in inferior frontal regions (bilateral BA 47/12) were seen only for studied items, suggesting a role for these regions in post-retrieval monitoring processes. Results from this study are consistent with the idea that different PFC subregions implement distinct, but complementary processes that collectively support accurate episodic memory judgments.     

Interprofessional approaches to creating safe,high quality health care

Three supplementary perspectives are presented arguing that interprofessional collaboration is both necessary and desirable. Nonetheless, there are often too many serious intra-professional barriers and obstacles to interprofessional collaboration to make it successful. Some of these barriers, it is argued and illustrated, are found in the multiple ways in which professional identity is tacitly acquired and embodied in the practitioners' habitual, everyday practice. The paper then explores ways in which reflection, especially Second order reflection, can help to elucidate and overcome these obstacles, as well as increasing professional adaptability and competence.     

Systematic Reviews Published in the January 2011 Issue of The Cochrane Library

ABSTRACT

The Cochrane Library of Systematic Reviews is published quarterly as a DVD and monthly online. The January 2011 issue (first quarterly DVD for 2011) contains 4515 complete reviews, 1985 protocols for reviews in production, and 13,521 one-page summaries of systematic reviews published in the general medical literature. In addition, there are citations of 641,000 randomized controlled trials, and 14,018 cited papers in the Cochrane methodology register. The health technology assessment database contains over 9300 citations. One hundred and seven new reviews have been published in the last 3 months, of which five have potential relevance for practitioners in pain and palliative medicine.     

Modified micro-superior percutaneously-assisted total hip: early experiences & case reports

Because of the extensile nature and familiarity of the standard posterior-lateral approach to the hip, a family of "micro-posterior" approaches has been developed. This family includes the Percutaneously-Assisted Total Hip (PATH) approach, the Supercapsular (SuperCap) approach and a newer hybrid approach, the Supercapsular Percutaneously-Assisted Total Hip (SuperPATH) approach. Such approaches should ideally provide a continuum for the surgeon: from a "micro" (external rotator sparing) posterior approach, to a "mini" (external rotator sacrificing) posterior approach, to a standard posterior approach. This could keep a surgeon within his comfort zone during the learning curve of the procedure, while leaving options for complicated reconstructions for the more practiced micro-posterior surgeons. This paper details one author's experiences utilizing this combined approach, as well as permutations of this entire micro-posterior family of approaches as applied to more complex hip reconstructions.     

Determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum using immunological inhibition of creatine kinase M subunit activity. Activity kinetics and diagnostic significance in myocardial infarction.

This is a new method for the determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum. The method uses direct activity measurement of creatine kinase B subunit activity after blocking of CK-M subunit activity by inhibiting antibodies. The test takes no longer than 15 min. The method yields an intra-serial C.V. of 2.0-12.9%, and a C.V. from day to day of 5.5%. The detection limit is 3.4 U/l creatine kinase MB. In the 95 cases with proven myocardial infarction several types of creatine kinase MB activity kinetics could be determined. The percentage of creatine kinase MB of peak CK-total is 6-25%, with a mean of 11.1%. The amount of creatine kinase MB with respect to total CK activity after reinfarction is higher than the amount after initial infarction.     

Structure and function of "metalloantibiotics"

Although most antibiotics do not need metal ions for their biological activities, there are a number of antibiotics that require metal ions to function properly, such as bleomycin (BLM), streptonigrin (SN), and bacitracin. The coordinated metal ions in these antibiotics play an important role in maintaining proper structure and/or function of these antibiotics. Removal of the metal ions from these antibiotics can cause changes in structure and/or function of these antibiotics. Similar to the case of "metalloproteins," these antibiotics are dubbed "metalloantibiotics" which are the title subjects of this review. Metalloantibiotics can interact with several different kinds of biomolecules, including DNA, RNA, proteins, receptors, and lipids, rendering their unique and specific bioactivities. In addition to the microbial-originated metalloantibiotics, many metalloantibiotic derivatives and metal complexes of synthetic ligands also show antibacterial, antiviral, and anti-neoplastic activities which are also briefly discussed to provide a broad sense of the term "metalloantibiotics."