凹槽交锁髓内钉治疗开放性胫骨骨折（附27例报告）

目的 介绍一种治疗开放性胫骨骨折的新型交锁钉—凹槽交锁髓内钉(又称Biorigid Nail Tibia)。方法 应用德国aap公司生产的胫骨凹槽交锁髓内钉治疗开放性胫骨骨折27例。结果 全组经6个月以上随访无骨不连发生，皮肤创面一期愈合17例，延期愈合7例，3例经二期简单缝合后愈合。结论 凹槽交锁髓内钉以其独特的设计，可靠的固定，最大限度的保留骨折端血供及方便快捷的操作适用于大部分开放性胫骨骨折。     

非扩髓凹槽交锁髓内钉治疗开放性胫骨骨折

目的 介绍凹槽交锁髓内钉治疗胫骨开放性骨折的手术方法、特点及其适应证。方法 胫骨开放性骨折28例，按Gustilo分型：Ⅰ型18例，Ⅱ型8例，Ⅲa型2例，采用凹槽髓内钉直径8mm26例，直径7mm2例。结果 所有患不需X线透视均精确锁定，骨折复位良好，固定牢固，经平均5．6个月随访，伤口无感染，骨折均骨性愈合，无针、钉断裂发生。结论 凹槽交锁髓内钉具有操作简单，创伤小，适应证范围广，固定牢固以及不扩髓等优点。     

胫骨骨折的交锁髓内钉治疗

目的：观察交锁髓内钉在胫骨骨折中的治疗效果。方法：1997年2月－2000年2月对37例胫骨骨折采用交锁髓内钉治疗,男30例,女7例,年龄18－65岁,闭合性骨折28例,开放性骨折6例,陈旧性骨折2例,胫骨骨不连2例,开放性骨折采用非扩髓髓内钉,闭合性骨折采用扩髓髓内钉。结果：37例得到随访,骨折全部愈合,无锁钉及髓内钉松动、断裂,膝踝关节功能正常,迟发性感染1例。结论：交锁髓内钉在治疗胫骨骨折中具有创伤小、固定坚强、骨折愈合率高、能早期活动、感染率低等优点,是一种较好的内固定方法。     

不扩髓交锁髓内钉治疗胫骨开放性骨折

目的 :评估不扩髓交锁髓内钉治疗胫骨开放性骨折的疗效。方法 :应用不扩髓交锁髓内钉治疗胫骨开放性骨折 46例 ,CustiloⅠ型 15例 ,CustiloⅡ型 17型 ,CustiloⅢA型 7例 ,CustiloⅢB型 5例。结果 :平均随访 17.1个月 ,平均愈合时间 2 5周 ,采用Joher Wruh评分 :优 3 0例、良 13例、中 1例、差 2例 ;无主钉弯、断、旋 ,锁钉脱出现象 ,感染 2例 ,骨折全部愈合。结论 :不扩髓交锁髓内钉在治疗胫骨开放性骨折中具有创伤小、固定坚强、感染率低、骨折愈合率高等优点 ,只要掌握好适应证及手术时机 ,是治疗胫骨开放性骨折的较好方法。     

交锁髓内钉治疗胫骨远端开放性骨折

目的探讨交锁髓内钉治疗胫骨远端开放性骨折疗效。方法26例胫骨远端开放性骨折患者,先清创或牵引复位外固定,再闭合或小切口切开复位交锁髓内钉内固定。结果患者均获随访,时间7～22(15.2±3.3)个月。骨性愈合时间3.5～15.5(7.3±2.8)个月。术后功能恢复按Johner-Wruhs标准:优16例,良8例,可2例。可2例中1例出现骨折延迟愈合、断钉,经更换髓内钉并植骨后5个月获骨性愈合;1例皮肤坏死,经清创后Ⅱ期植皮愈合,遗留踝关节功能障碍。结论交锁髓内钉治疗胫骨远端开放性骨折是一种有效方法。     

应用扩髓交锁髓内钉治疗胫骨不稳定性骨折

目的 探讨扩髓交锁髓内钉治疗胫骨不稳定性骨折的治疗效果。方法 对42例胫骨不稳定性骨折患行扩髓交锁髓内钉固定，闭合性骨折22例，开放性骨折20例，均应用静力性固定。结果 平均随访时间12个月，采用Johner—Wruh评分标准，治疗结果：优32例，良8例，一般2例。骨折平均愈合时间：闭合性骨折15周，开放性骨折19周，3例延迟愈合，无深部感染、骨髓炎、畸形愈合及骨不连发生。结论 扩髓交锁髓内钉是治疗胫骨不稳定性骨折较理想的方法，可促进骨折愈合，并发症少。     

闭合复位交锁髓内钉治疗胫骨干骨折

目的探讨闭合复位交锁髓内钉治疗胫骨干骨折的临床应用和疗效。方法对21例胫骨干新鲜闭合性骨折患者行闭合复位交锁髓内钉静力性固定。结果经6~29个月随访,21例骨折全部愈合。结论闭合复位交锁髓内钉是治疗胫骨干骨折的理想方法。     

扩髓交锁髓内钉治疗胫骨不稳定性骨折 (附42例报告)

目的探讨扩髓交锁髓内钉治疗胫骨不稳定性骨折的治疗效果.方法对42例胫骨不稳定性骨折病人行扩髓交锁髓内钉治疗,闭合性骨折22例,开放性骨折20例,全部应用静力性固定.结果平均随访时间12个月(6～20个月),采用Johner-Wruh评分标准,治疗结果优32例,良8例,一般2例,骨折平均愈合时间闭合性骨折15周(10～23周),开放性骨折19周(13～36周),3例延迟愈合,无深部感染、骨髓炎、畸形愈合及骨不连.结论扩髓交锁髓内钉是治疗胫骨不稳定性骨折较理想的方法,可促进骨折愈合,并发症较少.     

急诊交锁髓内钉治疗胫骨骨折

目的探讨急诊交锁髓内钉对胫骨骨折的临床治疗效果。方法2002年9月～2003年7月,78例胫骨骨折患者急诊采用交锁髓内钉治疗,男52例,女26例;年龄22～79岁;闭合性骨折35例,开放性骨折43例,开放性骨折采用有限扩髓髓内钉。根据骨折类型和部位决定行动力型还是静力型固定、切开复位还是闭合复位。结果78例得到6～13个月的随访,骨折全部愈合,无锁钉及髓内钉松动、弯曲、断裂。膝关节痛5例,表浅感染2例。结论交锁髓内钉在治疗胫骨骨折中具有创伤小、固定坚强、骨折愈合率高、能早期活动、感染率低等优点,是急诊治疗胫骨骨折的一种较好内固定方法。     

扩髓交锁髓内钉治疗胫骨不稳定性骨折（附42例报告）

目的：探讨扩髓交锁髓内钉治疗胫骨不稳定性骨折的治疗效果。方法：对42例胫骨不稳定性骨折病人行扩髓交锁髓内钉治疗，闭合性骨折22例，开放性骨折20例，全部应用静力性固定。结果：平均随访时间12个月（6-20个月），采用Johner-Wruh评分标准。治疗结果：优32例，良8例，一般2例，骨折平均愈合时间；闭合性骨折15周（10-23周），开放性骨折19周（13-36周）。3例延迟愈合，无深部感染，骨髓炎，畸形愈合及骨不连。结论：扩髓交锁髓内钉是治疗胫骨不稳定性骨折较理想的方法，可促进骨折愈合。并发症较少。     

The fatigue strength of small diameter tibial nails

This study was performed to evaluate the fatigue strength of commonly used small diameter tibial nails.Five types of small diameter tibial nails (7 mm aap Biorigid Nail, 8 mm aap Biorigid Nail, 8 mm Ace UTN, 8 mm RT Tibial Nail, 8 mm Synthes UTN) with a sample size of 30 implants (six samples of each nail type) were tested with a new modular testing system. One module of the testing system was removed, simulating a 55-mm distal tibial defect, to induce maximum loading on the distal portion of the implant and locking bolts. The average yield strengths were obtained from static, single cycle tests and revealed an average static ultimate load of 1072 N (aap7), 1820 N (aap8), 1812 N (Ace), 1942 N (R&T), and 1543 N (Syn). The fatigue limits were evaluated by cyclic, sinusoidal loading and revealed a fatigue strength of 750 N (aap7), 1092 N (aap8), 906 N (Ace), 971 N (R&T), and 771 N (Syn) to endure 500000 cycles. Our results showed that the solid tibial nails fractured in the testing device in the same manner and location as they do in the clinical series. This study showed that all the small diameter tibial nails tested are obviously able to transmit loads of more than average body weight. The fatigue strength of the implants is relatively high, which means that patients without bone defects could be mobilised with full weight bearing as tolerated by pain. However, according to the results of this study, early mobilisation with full weight bearing in a normal gait cycle can not be suggested in patients with segmental tibial fractures or fractures with defect zones.     

交锁髓内钉治疗胫骨骨折的临床体会

目的 探讨交锁髓内钉治疗胫骨肌折的临床应用。方法 ４２例胫骨骨折均采用小切口切开复位、交锁髓内钉内固定治疗。新鲜骨折不扩髓,陈旧性骨折采用扩髓方法。结果 全部病例均获随访,平均随访１年１个月,骨折均愈合。术中损伤大隐静脉１例,术后关节疼痛７例。结论 应用交锁髓内钉治疗肥骨骨折需掌握好适应证,并进行良好的复位。     

Mechanical failure in intramedullary interlocking nails

PURPOSE: To study clinical and mechanical factors that predispose to failure of interlocking nails. METHODS: Between October 1996 and December 2002, 286 femoral fractures, 211 tibial fractures, and 47 humeral fractures were repaired using variously designed interlocking nails. Fracture pattern, level and site, nail size and type, weight bearing after nailing, and union status were reviewed after a mean follow-up of 22 months. RESULTS: Nail failure occurred in 27 fracture repairs (17 femoral, 9 tibial, and one humeral; 13 from our institution and 14 referred from elsewhere). In 55% of failed repairs, the fracture was distal. A high rate of tibial nail failure was noted. CONCLUSION: Distal fractures and stress concentration at the distal screws predispose to interlocking nail failure and can be prevented by protected weight bearing combined with the use of longer and larger nails. Routine supplementary cancellous bone grafting is unnecessary during renailing surgery when adequate reaming and a larger nail are used.     

交锁髓内钉治疗胫腓骨骨折

目的 观察交锁髓内钉治疗胫腓骨骨折的疗效及并发症防治。方法 用交锁髓内钉治疗胫腓骨骨折46例,均采用扩髓及静力型固定。结果 46例均得到随访,平均20个月（6个月-3年）,愈合时间为3-12个月,平均4个月,感染4例均为开放性骨折,肢体短缩1例,成角畸形2例,延迟愈合7例,无不愈合。根据Johner-Wruh评分标准,优36例,良7例,中2例,差1例。结论 交锁髓内钉治疗胫腓骨骨折是一种很好的方法。但仍有一些并发症,在应用中必须引起重视;开放性骨折以不扩髓为宜。     

带锁髓内钉治疗股骨、股骨干骨折的临床应用

目的 带锁髓内钉治疗股骨、胫骨干骨折临床应用研究。方法 应用带锁髓内钉治疗股骨、胫骨干骨折104例。结果 闭合复位穿钉内固定术后6－10周愈合,切开复位内固定8－12周愈合,48周后拔出内固定物。无断钉、骨折延迟愈合或不愈合、感染、脂肪栓塞、关节僵硬等并发症发生。104例均获随访,平均随访20个月,无1例再次骨折。结论 带锁髓内钉内固定治疗股骨、胫骨干骨折与传统钢板螺丝钉内固定相比,具有固定牢固,防止骨折端扭转、分离,术后不需要外固定支持,能早期负重行走,骨折愈合率高,治疗效果可靠的优点。     

扩髓与非扩髓型带锁髓内钉治疗开放性胫骨骨折的疗效分析

目的比较扩髓与非扩髓型带锁髓内钉治疗开放性胫骨骨折的临床疗效. 方法 2002年4月～2004年4月,对86例(92侧)开放性胫骨骨折采用带锁髓内钉治疗,其中扩髓组54侧,非扩髓组38侧.男65例,女21例,年龄18～68岁,平均36.5岁.伤口拆线后下地扶拐活动,术后均获随访6个月～2年. 结果 86例获随访6～24个月,扩髓组与非扩髓组分别感染11例和2例,感染率分别为20.3%和5.3%,二者差异有统计学意义(P<0. 05);平均骨折愈合时间分别为22.5和19周,二者差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);延迟愈合分别有8例和3例. 结论非扩髓带锁髓内钉组与扩髓组比较,具有延迟愈合或不愈合少,感染率低等特点.     

带锁髓内钉治疗股骨、胫骨骨折

目的 探讨带锁髓内钉治疗股骨、胫骨骨折的方法和疗效。方法 以带锁髓内钉开放复位静力型内固定手术方式治疗股骨、胫骨骨折共26例。结果 经平均半年的随访,所有病例骨折全部愈合,关节功能良好,无钉折弯、断裂等并发症发生。结论 用带锁髓内钉治疗股骨、胫骨骨折具有稳定性高、疗效确切和并发症少等优点,是一种理想的治疗方法。     

Stabilization of proximal tibial fractures with the LIS-System: early clinical experience in Berlin

The Proximal Tibia Less Invasive Stabilization System (LISS PLT) is an internal fixator for the treatment of proximal tibial fractures according to the principles of "Minimally invasive surgery". From July 1998 to August 2000 22 fractures were treated in our clinic with the new Proximal Tibia LISS and the prospective course of healing was documented. The period of follow-up was 12 months. The inclusion criteria were defined as proximal tibial shaft fractures and intraarticular proximal tibial fractures of all degrees of severity. A total of 15 proximal medial and lateral tibial plateau fractures (AO 41) and 7 metaphyseal fractures were treated (AO 42), seven of these fractures presented with open soft tissue damage. The average age of the patients treated was 42 years. With a follow-up rate of 91% (2 patients lost to follow-up), definite consolidation of the fracture was seen in 19/20 cases. In one patient, the fracture had only been partially bridged and secondary bone grafting was performed. Radiologically, there was one case of a varus malalignment of 6 degrees, in two further cases there were valgus malalignments of 5 degrees and 7 degrees at the time of surgery. The other cases all healed in correct alignment. In one case, the implant became loose on the distal shaft and was stabilized again using bicortical screws. In a case with type IIIB soft tissue damage, a soft tissue infection became manifest, but healed uneventfully after a revision operation with the implant in situ.