中药疏肝理气活血通络法治疗外阴营养不良300例

目的观察中药内服外敷治疗外阴营养不良的临床疗效。方法采用疏肝理气、活血通络法，中药内服与外敷配合可见光照射结合治疗外阴营养不良300例。结果经过治疗后，300例患者中，痊愈89例，显效146例，好转60例，总有效率为98％。结论中药内服外敷配合可见光照射治疗外阴营养不良疗效较好，尤其是对增生型外阴营养不良疗效较好。     

中药内服外敷治疗脾胃虚寒型慢性萎缩性胃炎60例

目的观察中药内服外敷治疗脾胃虚寒型慢性萎缩性胃炎(CAG)的临床疗效。方法将120例脾胃虚寒型CAG患者随机分为两组,治疗组60例给予中药内服外敷治疗治疗,对照组60例给予与治疗组相同中药内服治疗(每日1剂,共60剂)。结果治疗组总有效率86.67%、显效率50.00%,对照组总有效率76.67%、显效率20.00%,两组显效率比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),总有效率比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论中药内服外敷治疗脾胃虚寒型CAG疗效确切,可有效改善临床症状和胃镜表现。     

中医治疗颈椎综合征临床疗效分析

目的观察中药内服与中药内服加局部外敷治疗颈椎综合征的疗效。方法随机将94例颈椎综合征分为观察组63例和对照组31例,观察组采用中药内服加局部外敷治疗,对照组单用中药内服治疗。两组均10d为1个疗程,连续治疗2个疗程,比较两组疗效。结果两组治疗都有良好的疗效,但观察组治愈率和总有效率均高于对照组,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论中药内服加局部外敷治疗颈椎综合征,疗效优于单用内服中药治疗。     

中药内服加西药喷剂外用治疗过敏陛鼻炎疗效分析

目的观察中药内服结合丙酸倍氯米松鼻喷雾剂外用治疗过敏性鼻炎的临床效果。方法征求患者和家属意见后将符合标准的59例患者分为两组,治疗组30例,对照组29例;治疗组采用中药内服结合丙酸倍氯米松鼻喷雾剂外用治疗,对照组单纯采用丙酸倍氯米松鼻喷雾剂外用治疗。结果治疗组患者中,显效19例,有效9例,无效2例,总有效率为93．3％;对照组患者中,显效11例,有效13例,无效5例,总有效率为82．8％,两组间比较,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论采用中药内服结合丙酸倍氯米松鼻喷雾剂外用治疗过敏性鼻炎效果良好,值得推广应用。     

中药内服外敷治疗类风湿关节炎的疗效观察

目的研究中药内服外敷治疗类风湿关节炎的临床疗效及安全性。方法选择2011年12月—2012年12月在该院治疗的活动期类风湿关节炎患者60例,按随机数字表法分为观察组与对照组,每组30例,对照组给单纯内治,观察组采用中药内服外敷综合治疗。治疗一个疗程(35 d)后,比较两组临床疗效及不良反应。结果 (1)观察组显效22例,有效7例,无效1例,总有效率为96.6%(29/30);对照组显效9例,有效12例,无效9例,总有效率为70.0%(21/30),组间差异具有显著性差异(P<0.05);(2)两组患者均进行了安全性检测,未出现严重不良反应,组间差异不具有显著性差异(P>0.05)。结论中药内服外敷治疗活动期类风湿关节炎临床疗效良好,安全性好,值得临床推行。     

中药内服外敷治疗膝关节滑膜炎疗效分析

目的：观察中药内服外敷治疗膝关节滑膜炎临床疗效。方法选择2007年1月-2012年1月膝关节滑膜炎患者122例,随机分成2组,治疗组61例采用中药内服配合局部外敷治疗;对照组61例仅采用中药内服,治疗结束后,再随防1年以上。结果治疗组治愈率、总有效率均明显高于对照组（P＜0.05）。结论中药内服外敷治疗膝关节滑膜炎能明显提高临床疗效。     

中药内服外敷治疗小儿肺炎的观察

目的:探讨中药内服外敷法治疗小儿肺炎的疗效。方法:任意选取本院2008年1月～2009年12月116例肺炎患儿,随机分为治疗组和对照组,各58例。治疗组采用中药内服加外敷,内服方选用苏芩桑杏汤,外敷方选用自拟方,对照组单采用中药内服治疗。结果:对照组总有效率为89.66%,治疗组总有效率为94.83%,两组总有效率对比差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:中药内服外敷法治疗小儿肺炎效果明确,对患者机体影响小,是比较理想的治疗方法。     

中药与理疗结合治疗痹证40例

目的：探索物理疗法与药物疗法相结合治疗痹证的疗效。方法：对1988年10月以来的40例痹证患进行中药内服外敷和特定电磁波理疗相结合治疗，观察疗效。结果：经过两个疗程的治疗，治愈21例、显效16例、有效2例、无效1例，总有效率为97．5％。结论：理疗与中药合用治疗痹证疗效显，值得进一步探索。     

中医治疗支气管哮喘患者的临床疗效分析

目的分析研究中医治疗支气管哮喘的临床疗效。方法将64例支气管哮喘患者随机分为观察组和对照组各32例，观察组采用中药进行治疗，对照组采用吸入二丙酸倍氯米松气雾剂治疗，观察记录两组患者的临床疗效和不良反应。结果观察组临床控制10例（31．25％），显效13例（40．63％），有效5例（15．63％），无效4例（12．50％），总有效率为87．50％；对照组临床控制7例（21．88％），显效6例（18．75％），有效11例（34．38％），无效8例（25．00％），总有效率为75．00％，两组患者的总有效率差异具有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论中医治疗支气管哮喘疗效肯定，疗效优于单用西药治疗，值得在临床上推广。     

中药治疗胸腰椎压缩性骨折并发便秘160例临床分析

目的观察中药治疗胸腰椎压缩性骨折并发便秘的临床疗效。方法对2011年12月至2012年12月收治的160例患者采用中药内服及小量不保留灌肠治疗。结果160例患者中显效135例，有效20例，无效5例，总有效率为96．88％。结论中药治疗胸腰椎压缩性骨折并发便秘疗效满意。     

Dissociation between objective psychomotor impairment and subjective sleepiness after diazepam administration in the aged people

The aim of the present study was to clarify whether subjective sleepiness accurately reflects benzodiazepine-related decline in psychomotor function after taking benzodiazepines (BZPs) in aged people. Subjects were eight healthy, young (mean age, 19.8 years) and seven healthy, older (mean age, 60.9 years) men. Placebo and diazepam (DZP) were administered orally in a single-blind crossover manner to the young subjects (placebo, 5 mg DZP and 10 mg DZP) and to the older subjects (placebo and 5 mg DZP). Plasma drug concentration, choice reaction time (CRT) as an objective measure of psychomotor function, and the Stanford Sleepiness Scale (SSS) as a measure of subjective sleepiness were monitored every 20 min from 1000 until 1600 h, being the drug administered at 1200 h. Pharmacokinetic variables did not differ significantly between the two age groups. DZP at 10 mg in young subjects induced significant increases in both the CRT and SSS score. DZP at 5 mg induced no significant increase in SSS score in either age group but did induce a significant increase in CRT only in the older subjects that matched that in young subjects given 10 mg DZP. The older subjects suffered from dissociation between subjective sleepiness and objective psychomotor impairment under DZP treatment. Such individuals may underestimate the detrimental effects on brain function.     

EEG profile of intravenous zolpidem in healthy volunteers

Zolpidem is an imidazopyridine which binds specifically to the ₁ receptor. Zolpidem demonstrated potent hypnotic activity at a dose of 10 mg. Pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of zolpidem were studied after daytime administration in a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over trial. Single doses of zolpidem (10 mg IV as a 3-min infusion and 20 mg orally) and placebo were firstly tested in 12 healthy young male volunteers. Two other doses (5 mg IV and orally) were then evaluated in 6 out of these 12 subjects. EEG (4 leads = Fp2-T4, Fp1-T3, T4-02 and T3-01), and Stanford Sleepiness Scale (SSS) were measured up to 5 h post-dosing. Blood samples were also collected up to 24 h. The time course of the hypnotic activity of zolpidem, assessed by the score obtained on SSS, showed a similar profile whatever the route or the dose administered: slightly earlier onset after IV but sedative scores were reached at 30 min and the effect peaked between 1 and 1.5 h and lasted 4 h in both conditions. The EEG profile of zolpidem was characterised by a decrease of alpha activity and an increase in delta and in beta activity. The effect on beta activity was marked within the first hour and then disappeared. The time course of delta and alpha activities indicated a rapid onset (10 min after IV, 30 min after oral route) and a duration of 3–4 h. The amplitude of these relative EEG changes and their duration were independent of the route of administration and the dose administered. AUC and C_max increased proportionally to the administered dose and elimination half life (2 h), clearance and volume of distribution did not change according to the dose or the route of administration. T_max was 1 h after the oral administration. The absolute bioavailability was about 70%. In conclusion, EEG induced changes and score of SSS were in good correlation with what has been observed with insomniac patients: zolpidem has a rapid onset and a short duration of action.     

颞叶癫痫患者的睡眠特征研究

目的 通过多导睡眠监测（PSG）研究颞叶癫痫（TLE）患者发作间期的睡眠特征。方法 选取 25 例 TLE 患者为 TLE 组，健康志愿者 18 例为对照组，对 2 组受试者分别进行 PSG，监测指标包括总卧床时间（TIB）、总睡眠时 间（TST）、睡眠效率（SE）、睡眠潜伏期（SL）、快速动眼睡眠期潜伏期（REML）、入睡后觉醒时间（WASO）、非快速动眼 睡眠（NREM）1、2、3 期以及快速动眼睡眠期（REM）时间占总睡眠期时间的百分比（以 N1%、N2%、N3%、REM%表 示）、呼吸暂停低通气指数（AHI）、低通气指数、平均血氧饱和度（SpO2）及最低 SpO2、觉醒指数、每小时周期性肢体运 动指数（PLMs/h）、每小时 REM 期 PLMs、总睡眠期转换次数（SSS）、每小时睡眠期转换次数（SSS/H）、NREM1、2、3 期 以及 REM、清醒期转换次数（以 N1、N2、N3、REM、W 表示）、N1、N2、N3、REM、清醒期转换次数占总睡眠期转换次数 百分比（以 N1/SSS、N2/SSS、N3/SSS、REM/SSS、W/SSS 表示）等睡眠指标。结果 与对照组相比，TLE 组 WASO 延长， 平均 SpO2降低，PLMs 增多，REM 期 PLMs 增多，SSS、SSS/H 及 N2 增多（P＜0.05）。结论 TLE 患者存在睡眠障碍， 主要表现为睡眠结构明显紊乱，睡眠相关呼吸、运动事件增多。     

Nitrosourea-induced DNA single-strand breaks.

Reaction of DNA with nitrosoureas in vitro results in extensive formation of alkali labile sites. Two types of single-strand scission (SSS) processes may be distinguished by their different rates: (1) type I SSS which occurs relatively fast at high pH, and (2) type II SSS which is a much slower process. Neither of these processes is affected by free radical traps. Dimethyl sulfate, which is known to alkylate DNA bases but not phosphate residues, shows no type I SSS but does show extensive type II SSS. That the latter process involves alkylation of bases followed by the formation of apurinic sites was confirmed by using endonuclease VI, an enzyme specific for apurinic positions. Reactions of chloroethylnitrosoureas with DNA produces both type I and type II SSS. Aliphatic amines produced in the decomposition of alkyl nitrosoureas do not contribute significantly to the scission of apurinic sites via Schiff base formation. However, this process may be significant for aryl nitrosoureas. Ethyl nitrosourea (ENU), 1, 3-bis(2-chloroethyl)nitrosourea (BCNU), and 3-cyclohexyl-1-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1-nitrosourea (CHNU) readily degrade poly A by phosphate alkylation, with rates that parallel their relative rates of decomposition. The relative rates of hydrolysis of triethylphosphate and β-hydroxyethyl diethyl phosphate parallel the type I SSS observed for ENU and CHNU with DNA. The type I SSS of DNA by these compounds appears to involve a similar phosphotriester formation and hydrolysis. The type I SSS is in accord with the observed extreme liability of β-hydroxyethyl diethyl phosphate which is attributed to participation of the OH group, and by the fact that methylation of the OH completely inhibits the type I SSS process.     

脂溢洗方外洗加当归苦参丸内服治疗头部脂溢性皮炎的疗效观察

目的:观察脂溢洗方外洗加当归苦参丸内服治疗头皮脂溢性皮炎的临床疗效。方法:将头部脂溢性皮炎患者102例随机分为两组。治疗组51例,用脂溢洗方外洗,中成药当归苦参丸内服;对照组51例,用采乐洗剂外洗,抗组胺药、B族维生素口服。结果:治疗组总有效率为86.3%,对照组为68.6%。两组比较,差异有显著性意义(P<0.05)。结论:脂溢洗方外洗加当归苦参丸口服治疗头部脂溢性皮炎的临床疗效较好。     

阿司匹林对冠心病患者血小板释放反应的影响

采用放射免疫法测定 40例冠心病 ( CHD)患者口服单剂阿司匹林 ( ASA) 40 mg( 2 0例 )与 30 0 mg( 2 0例 )前后血浆 β血小板球蛋白 ( β- TG)、前列环素 ( PGI2 )产物 6-酮 - PGF1α及血栓素 ( TXA2 )产物 TXB2 。结果表明 :40 mg ASA组 2 4 h血浆 β- TG明显减少 ( P <0 .0 5) ,血浆 TXB2 1 2 h与 2 4 h均非常显著下降 (P <0 .0 1 ) ,而血浆 6-酮 - PGF1α无明显变化 ;30 0 mg ASA组除 6-酮 - PGF1α显著减少外 ,血浆 β- TG及 TXB2变化态势同 40 mg组 ,提示口服单剂 40 mg与 30 0 mg ASA均能显著阻抑血小板释放反应 ;30 0 mg ASA可使体内 PGI2 含量减少 ,未能改善 CHD患者 PGI2 /TXA2 平衡。     

锌剂治疗复发性阿弗他溃疡的临床疗效观察

目的探讨葡萄糖酸锌片口服加溃疡局部涂布锌粉治疗复发性阿弗他溃疡(RAU)的可行性。方法随机挑选80例RAU患者口服葡萄糖酸锌片加溃疡局部涂布锌粉为治疗组,80例RAU患者常规治疗为对照组。结果经5~10天治疗,治疗组有效率为91%,对照组为60.3%,两组间差异有显著意义(P<0.05)。结论葡萄糖酸锌片口服加溃疡局部涂布锌粉能加速溃疡愈合,并通过锌的补入调节了人体锌重新分布,调节人体的免疫力,增强了防御能力,减少了RAU的复发。     

The role of 5-HT1B and 5-HT1D receptors in the selective inhibitory effect of naratriptan on trigeminovascular neurons

The importance of 5-HT(1B) and 5-HT(1D) receptors in the actions of the anti-migraine drug naratriptan was investigated using the relatively selective 5-HT(1) receptor ligands SB224289 and BRL15572. Electrical stimulation of the superior sagittal sinus (SSS) in cats activated neurones in the trigeminal nucleus caudalis. Facial receptive fields (RF) were also electrically stimulated to activate the same neurones. Responses of these neurones to SSS stimulation were suppressed by iontophoretic application of naratriptan (5-50 nA). There were two distinct populations of neurones in the nucleus--those in deeper laminae in which the responses to SSS and RF stimulation were equally suppressed by naratriptan ('non-selective') and more superficial neurones in which only the SSS responses were suppressed by naratriptan ('selective'). Concurrent micro-iontophoretic application (50 nA) of the 5-HT(1D) antagonist BRL15572 antagonised the suppression by naratriptan of the response of 'selective' cells to SSS stimulation. Iontophoretic application of SB224289 (50 nA), a 5-HT(1B) antagonist, antagonised the suppression by naratriptan of responses of 'non-selective' cells to RF stimulation and, to a lesser extent, also antagonised the suppression of responses to SSS stimulation. Intravenous administration of SB224289 antagonised the suppression only of RF responses of "non-selective" neurons by naratriptan and intravenous administration of BRL15572 antagonised the suppression only of SSS responses of "selective" neurons by naratriptan. These results suggest that the response of nucleus caudalis neurons to stimulation of the sagittal sinus can be modulated by both 5-HT(1B) and 5-HT(1D) receptor activation, with the 5-HT(1D) receptors perhaps playing a greater role. The response to RF stimulation is more influenced by 5-HT(1B) receptor modulation with 5-HT(1D) receptors being less important. Therefore, this suggests that selective 5-HT(1D) agonists may be able to target the neuronal population, which is selectively involved in the transmission of dural inputs. We conclude that the central terminals of trigeminal primary afferent fibres contain 5-HT(1B) and 5-HT(1D) receptors. Primary afferents from the dura mater may predominantly express 5-HT(1D) receptors, while facial afferents may predominantly express 5-HT(1B) receptors. Activation of 5-HT(1D) receptors in particular may be important in the anti-migraine effect of naratriptan.     

Nitrergic and glutamatergic neuronal mechanisms at the trigeminovascular first-order synapse

Nitric oxide (NO) donors such as glyceryl trinitrate cause headache, which suggests involvement of NO in trigeminovascular sensory processing. Sensory transmission at first-order synapses is believed to involve glutamate and the question arises as to whether it is also involved in trigeminovascular sensation and whether it might interact with nitrergic mechanisms. We investigated these questions at the first central synapse in the trigeminovascular sensory system of the cat. Neuronal action potentials in the trigeminal nucleus were recorded while the superior sagittal sinus (SSS) or facial receptive field (RF) were stimulated electrically. Drugs, including the neuronal excitant glutamate, were applied to neurons via microiontophoresis. Results were obtained from 152 neurons activated with A-delta latencies by SSS stimulation and by glutamate. The NO donor S-nitrosoglutathione (SNOG, 50 nA) was applied iontophoretically to 41 neurons during SSS stimulation and 13 neurons during pulsatile glutamate ejection. Responses to both modes of stimulation were enhanced by SNOG; the proportion of neurons enhanced was 56% to SSS stimulation and 59% to glutamate. The inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase (NOS), N(omega)-propyl-L-arginine (p-ARG, 50 nA) was applied iontophoretically to 17 neurons during stimulation of SSS and to 10 neurons during pulsatile glutamate ejection. Responses to both stimuli were suppressed by p-ARG: The proportion of neurons suppressed were: to SSS stimulation 59% and to glutamate 80%. Microiontophoretic ejection of eletriptan (50 nA) reversibly suppressed responses of neurons to SSS stimulation, to RF electrical stimulation and to pulsatile iontophoretic application of glutamate. This suppression of responses was antagonised by the concurrent local iontophoretic application of the 5-HT1B/1D receptor antagonist GR127935 or by concurrent iontophoretic application of the selective 5-HT1D receptor antagonist BRL155732. These results suggest that glutamatergic mechanisms are important in sensory transmission in the trigeminovascular system and that they can be modulated by nitrergic and serotonergic mechanisms.     

锁骨下(动脉)窃血综合征检查的彩色多普勒超声回顾性分析

目的探讨彩色多普勒超声(CDU)在锁骨下(动脉)窃血综合征(SSS)中应用价值。方法对31例SSS的超声表现进行回顾性分析。结果31例患者中,28例为完全性SSS,3例部分性SSS。锁骨下动脉起始处闭塞18例,均为完全性SSS;狭窄13例,内径1～3.4mm,最大流速270～430cm/s。患侧上肢动脉血流频谱为单峰、低速、低阻波形。结论CDU是评价SSS的一种有价值方法。