住院老年患者骨骼肌减少与骨密度的关系

目的探讨住院老年患者骨骼肌质量、骨骼肌指数与骨密度的关系,以及骨骼肌减少与骨质疏松的关系,为老年骨质疏松及脆性骨折患者的临床防治开拓新思路。方法连续选取重庆医科大学附属第一医院住院老年患者562例,测量身高、体重,计算体重指数(BMI),利用双能X线骨密度仪(DXA)测量不同部位骨密度(BMD)和T值、四肢骨骼肌质量(ASMM)、骨骼肌指数(RSMI)、脂肪百分比(fat%),用Pearson相关性分析法研究各变量之间的关系,用Logistic回归法研究骨骼肌减少、骨质疏松、脆性骨折的关系。结果不同性别老年患者RSMI均与BMD显著正相关(腰椎:男性r=0.203,P0.01,女性r=0.165,P0.01;髋部:男性r=0.253,P0.01,女性r=0.225,P0.01),且均与BMI呈高度正相关性(男性r=0.777,P0.01;女性r=0.791,P0.01),BMD亦与BMI呈显著正相关(腰椎:男性r=0.319,P0.01,女性r=0.236,P0.01;髋部:男性r=0.199,P0.01,女性r=0.211,P0.01)。老年女性骨质疏松和脆性骨折患病率明显高于男性,而老年男性骨骼肌减少的检出率则显著高于女性。老年男性骨骼肌减少与骨质疏松存在明显的相关性(β=0.774,P=0.002,OR=2.168),而老年女性二者无明显相关性。结论骨质疏松与骨骼肌减少存在性别差异,老年男性二者存在明显正相关,老年女性二者无显著相关;脆性骨折与骨质疏松及骨骼肌减少均密切相关,增加肌肉量对老年人群骨质疏松及骨折的防治有重要意义。     

天津市老年女性肌少症评价方法比较

目的通过对老年女性肌少症不同评价方法的比较研究,找出较适用于天津市老年女性肌少症的评价方法。方法选取天津市老年(60～89岁)女性536例作为研究对象(研究组),并选取605例健康青年(20～29岁)女性作为参照组。采用身体成分分析仪测量其身体成分,主要指标包括体质量指数(body mass index,BMI)、体脂百分比(body fat percentage,BF%)、骨骼肌质量(skeletal muscle mass,SMM)、去脂体重(lean body mass,LBM)、四肢骨骼肌质量(appendicular skeletal muscle,ASM)等。根据相对四肢骨骼肌质量指数(relative appendicular skeletal muscle,RASM)或骨骼肌质量指数(skeletal muscle mass index,SMI),分别参照以下标准界定女性肌少症:国际肌少症工作组(International Working Group on Sarcopenia,IWGS)标准:RASM5. 67 kg/m~2;欧洲老年肌少症工作组(European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People,EWGSOP)标准:RASM 4. 23 kg/m~2;亚洲肌少症工作组(Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia,AWGS)标准:RASM5. 7 kg/m~2。在上述机构的分级思路基础上提出RASM分级标准:3. 13RASM4. 95 kg/m~2为RASM Ⅰ级,RASM3. 13 kg/m~2为RASMⅡ级;以及SMI分级标准:22. 28SMI32. 53为SMIⅠ级,SMI22. 28为SMIⅡ级。采用ANOVA分析研究组肌肉质量随年龄变化的趋势;采用独立样本t检验分析受试者各项指标的差异性; Fisher确切概率法用于分析不同评价方法下肌少症检出率及其增龄趋势的差异性;选用受试者工作特性曲线(receiver operating characteristic curve,ROC)评价SMI评价方法与国际上各个老年肌少症工作组评价方法的敏感度和特异性。结果 5种评价方法发现本研究老年女性肌少症检出率为0%～20%。其中,SMIⅠ级评价方法肌少症检出率最高(19. 4%),而RASMⅡ级与EWGSOP评价方法无肌少症患者。SMIⅠ级评价方法显示,老年女性肌少症检出率在60～89岁整个年龄段呈现逐渐上升的趋势(Fisher确切概率法:P0. 01),分别为60～64岁14. 74%,65～69岁17. 14%,70～74岁27. 4%,75～79岁30. 43%,80～84岁34. 78%,85～89岁50%。采用ROC曲线评价SMI与其他评价方法的敏感度和特异性,结果发现SMI与IWGS的曲线下面积(area under curve,AUC) 0. 682,P0. 01;与AWGS的AUC为0. 557,P 0. 05;与RASM的AUC为0. 725,P 0. 05。结论SMI评价方法较适合用于诊断天津市老年女性的肌少症,有利于较早、较准确发现肌少症。     

肌少症对女性类风湿关节炎患者发生骨质疏松的影响

目的 探讨肌少症对女性类风湿关节炎(RA)患者发生骨质疏松(OP)的影响。方法 纳入女性RA患者(RA组)402例和健康女性(对照组)98例。根据BMI将RA组患者分为消瘦组(BMI<18.5 kg/m²,62例)、正常组(18.5 kg/m²≤BMI<24.0 kg/m²,221例)及超重/肥胖组(BMI≥24.0 kg/m²,119例),再根据是否合并肌少症将RA组患者分为肌少症组(247例)和非肌少症组(155例),根据是否合并OP将RA组患者分为OP组(158例)和非OP组(244例)。采用直接节段多频率生物电阻断法测定四肢和躯干骨骼肌质量，计算骨骼肌质量指数(SMI);采用双能X线骨密度吸收仪测定腰椎和髋部骨密度(BMD),收集所有受试者的一般临床资料、疾病活动性指标、实验室检查指标、关节功能分期、X线分期及Sharp评分并分组进行比较。采用多元logistic回归分析评估女性RA患者发生OP的影响因素。结果 RA组患者除L₁外各部位BMD及SMI均低于对...     

老年髋部骨折患者的腰椎和股骨近端骨密度的比较

目的 通过比较老年髋部骨折患者的腰椎和股骨近端骨密度值,试图找出对于髋部骨折的更具有密切相关性的骨密度测定部位.方法 采用双能骨密度仪对102名65岁以上老年髋部骨折患者入院后2周内的脊柱和髋部两个部位骨密度测定,对组间和组内数据分别进行分散分析和t检验的统计学处理.结果髋部的骨密度无论在男性和女性组均比腰椎的骨密度要低,有非常显著差异(P<0.001).女性组的髋部及腰椎骨密度要比男性组为低,有非常显著差异(P<0.001).无论男性还是女性髋部骨折患者其腰椎的骨密度均无显著下降.结论 在老年髋部骨折患者测定股骨近端的骨密度值更能反映其实际骨质疏松情况.     

老年男性住院患者各部位体成分随增龄的变化

目的探讨老年男性住院患者在多种慢性疾病共存的情况下,各部位人体成分随增龄的变化规律。方法选择2017年10月至2019年1月在复旦大学附属中山医院老年病科住院的65岁以上男性患者178例。收集基本信息、病史资料,测量身高、体重、腰围,计算体质量指数(body mass index,BMI)。采用双能X线骨密度扫描仪(dual X-ray absorptiometry,DXA)测量各部位人体成分。将BMI≥28 kg/m~2定义为肥胖;骨密度降低2.5标准差(standard deviation,SD)以上定义为骨质疏松;根据亚洲肌少症工作组(AWGS)诊断标准,将男性骨骼肌质量指数(skeletal muscle mass index,SMI)7.0 kg/m~2定义为骨骼肌量减少。按每10岁为一组,分为65～74岁、75～84岁、≥85岁共3组,分析不同部位人体组分随年龄的变化趋势。结果该人群平均年龄(83.26±8.01)岁,平均BMI (24.20±3.28) kg/m~2,骨骼肌量减少、肥胖、骨质疏松的患病率分别为20.91%、28.18%、28.18%。总骨骼肌量随着年龄增长逐渐下降,其中四肢骨骼肌量下降明显,组间差异有统计学意义(P0.05);总骨量逐渐减少,以骨盆、四肢骨量下降为主,骨密度与骨量的变化趋势一致;体脂百分比、各部位脂肪含量随年龄增长无显著变化。Pearson相关分析结果显示,SMI、总骨骼肌量、四肢骨骼肌量、总骨量、骨盆骨量、四肢骨量、骨盆骨密度均与年龄呈负相关(P0.05)。回归分析结果显示,矫正BMI后,与65～74岁组相比,75～84岁组总骨骼肌量和总骨量分别减少了9.51%和6.84%,到85岁以后分别下降了11.75%和8.98%。结论随着年龄增长,老年男性住院患者各部位人体成分变化规律不一致,骨骼肌量及骨量消耗显著,脂肪含量无明显改变。     

老年腹股沟疝患者肌肉质量和力量研究

目的 评价老年腹股沟疝患者的肌肉质量和力量. 方法 拟接受腹股沟疝手术,年龄在70～90岁的男性住院患者30例为研究对象,40～50岁10例男性健康受试者为对照组,进行人体测量、应用生物电阻抗和双能X线扫描的方法测定人体组分、CT扫描腹部和大腿,通过专用软件计算相应肌肉面积. 结果 老年男性腹股沟疝患者握力和小腿围低于对照组;全身肌肉组织总量结果相近,均低于对照组,肢体骨骼肌指数为7.53±0.78,其中Ⅰ类肌减症(男性＜7.01 kg/m2)为22.7％,Ⅱ类(男性＜6.08 kg/m2)为0;CT扫描发现老年组腹壁肌肉和大腿肌肉均少于对照组,但竖脊肌结果两组相近,L3骨骼肌指数≤52.4(男性)为70.0％. 结论 老年腹股沟疝患者肌肉质量和力量低于成年人,肌减症发生率增高.     

老年女性糖尿病患者与参考人群骨密度和骨质疏松患病率的比较

目的 探讨老年女性2型糖尿病患者是否容易并发骨密度减少和骨质疏松.方法 测量60～85岁老年女性2型糖尿病患者659例及老年女性健康体检者(对照组)666例的腰椎和髋部骨密度.结果 糖尿病组的腰椎骨密度显著高于对照组,分别为(0.757±0.122)g/cm2和(0.722±0.124)g/cm2(P＜0.001);骨质疏松患病率显著低于对照组,分别为33.1%和41.7%(P＜0.01);糖尿病组与对照组之间髋部各骨骼区域骨密度的差异均无统计学意义,但糖尿病组大转子的骨质疏松患病率显著高于对照组,分别为30.0%和24.3%(P＜0.05).以年龄为控制因子,糖尿病组和对照组的骨密度与绝经年龄无关,与绝经年限呈显著性偏相关[γ=-(0.116～0.265),P＜0.01],糖尿病组的病程与大转子和髋部总体的骨密度呈偏相关(γ=-0.134和-0.112,均为P＜0.01).结论 老年女性2型糖尿病患者的腰椎和髋部并非容易并发骨密度减少和骨质疏松.     

老年2型糖尿病患者肌肉量减少与白蛋白尿的相关性研究

目的 探讨老年2型糖尿病(T2DM)患者肌肉量减少与白蛋白尿的相关性。方法 选取2017年5月至10月在山西医科大学第一医院内分泌科住院的96例老年T2DM患者,根据尿微量白蛋白/肌酐比值(ACR)将研究对象分为两组:白蛋白尿组(ACR≥30 μg/mg,41例)与非白蛋白尿组(ACR<30 μg/mg,55例),比较两组四肢骨骼肌质量指数(SMI)、年龄、体重指数、空腹血糖、HbA1c等,以及肌肉量减少的检出率。并按SMI分为4组,比较白蛋白尿检出率,最后分析肌肉量减少与白蛋白尿的相关性。结果 与非白蛋白尿组相比,白蛋白尿组SMI降低(Z=4.700,P<0.05),而肌肉量减少检出率升高(χ2=5.525,P=0.019),随着SMI降低,白蛋白尿检出率升高(χ2=20.230,P<0.05)。SMI下降是白蛋白尿的独立危险因素(OR=0.438,95%CI: 0.292~0.658,P<0.001)。结论 老年T2DM患者出现白蛋白尿时肌肉量减少检出率升高,肌肉量减少是白蛋白尿的独立危险因素。     

不同性别老年髋部骨折患者骨密度T值及骨代谢状况分析

目的了解不同性别老年髋部骨折患者的骨密度情况及骨折早期骨转换生化标志物的变化特点及差异。方法收集2015年5月至2017年12月北京积水潭医院老年髋部骨折病房住院的1161例患者临床资料、骨密度检查结果以及血清I型前胶原氨基末端前肽(P1NP)、25羟基维生素D3[25-(OH)VD3]、I型胶原交联羧基末端肽β降解产物(β-CTX)、血清骨钙素(OC)、甲状旁腺激素(PTH)等进行回顾性研究。结果共纳入女831例,男330例,其中(1)腰椎及髋部总体骨密度显示:T≥-1.0 SD分别为30.4%(353/1161)、6.8%(79/1161);-2.5 SD相似文献   

肌少症用于评估老年股骨粗隆间骨折手术风险及预后

目的探讨肌少症用于评估老年股骨粗隆间骨折手术风险及预后的价值。方法 2013年1月至2016年4月,将南京医科大学附属江宁医院骨科收治的96例老年股骨粗隆间骨折的患者纳入本研究。利用胸部CT测量T12椎弓根水平肌肉组织的横截面积(cm~2)。以T12椎弓根水平肌肉横截面积除以患者身高平方计算得到骨骼肌指数(SMI)。采用T12水平SMI截断值42. 6 cm~2/m~2(男性)和30. 6 cm~2/m~2(女性)用于诊断肌少症。采用线性回归法分析SMI和住院时间及在院期间输血量之间的关系;t检验分析肌少症和非肌少症患者住院时间、输血量、围手术期死亡率及术后1年死亡率之间的差异。结果 96例患者中共有45例诊断为肌少症。SMI对在院期间输血量的影响具有统计学意义(P 0. 05),而对住院时间的影响无统计学意义(P 0. 05)。肌少症患者与非肌少症患者的住院时间及围手术期死亡率之间的差异无统计学意义(P 0. 05),而住院期间输血量及术后1年死亡率之间的差异有统计学意义(P 0. 05)。股骨粗隆间骨折合并肌少症的老年患者在住院期间需要更多的输血量,手术后1年内死亡率也较高,但住院时间和围手术期死亡率没有明显增加。结论基于SMI诊断肌少症用于评估老年股骨粗隆间骨折的风险及预后具有一定的指导意义。     

High prevalence of sarcopenia and reduced leg muscle mass in Japanese patients immediately after a hip fracture

Aim: Sarcopenia‐related falls and fractures are becoming an emerging problem as a result of rapid aging worldwide. We aimed to investigate the prevalence of sarcopenia by estimating the muscle mass of the arms and legs of patients with and without hip fracture. Methods: This cross‐sectional study examined 357 patients immediately after a hip fracture (the HF group) and in 2511 patients from an outpatient clinic who did not have a hip fracture (the NF group) at single institution in Japan. We carried out whole‐body dual energy X‐ray absorptiometry to analyze body composition with skeletal muscle mass index (SMI; lean mass / height²) and bone mineral density (BMD). We carried out stepwise logistic regression analysis to determine the factors associated with a hip fracture. Results: Lower appendicular SMI (P < 0.001), leg SMI (P < 0.001), and higher prevalence of sarcopenia (P < 0.001) were observed in the HF group after controlling for age and sex. The arm SMI was similar in both groups (P > 0.95). In multivariate analysis, the presence of sarcopenia, older age and lower BMD were associated with the occurrence of a hip fracture (OR 1.476, P = 0.002; OR 1.103, P < 0.001; OR 0.082, P < 0.001; respectively). Conclusion: This study showed a higher prevalence of sarcopenia and more reduced leg muscle mass in patients after a hip fracture than in the outclinic patients who did not have hip fractures. The results imply sarcopenia can be a risk factor for a hip fracture. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2013; 13: 413–420 .     

Low relative skeletal muscle mass (sarcopenia) in older persons is associated with functional impairment and physical disability

OBJECTIVES: To establish the prevalence of sarcopenia in older Americans and to test the hypothesis that sarcopenia is related to functional impairment and physical disability in older persons. DESIGN: Cross-sectional survey. SETTING: Nationally representative cross-sectional survey using data from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III). PARTICIPANTS: Fourteen thousand eight hundred eighteen adult NHANES III participants aged 18 and older. MEASUREMENTS: The presence of sarcopenia and the relationship between sarcopenia and functional impairment and disability were examined in 4,504 adults aged 60 and older. Skeletal muscle mass was estimated from bioimpedance analysis measurements and expressed as skeletal muscle mass index (SMI = skeletal muscle mass/body mass x 100). Subjects were considered to have a normal SMI if their SMI was greater than -one standard deviation above the sex-specific mean for young adults (aged 18-39). Class I sarcopenia was considered present in subjects whose SMI was within -one to -two standard deviations of young adult values, and class II sarcopenia was present in subjects whose SMI was below -two standard deviations of young adult values. RESULTS: The prevalence of class I and class II sarcopenia increased from the third to sixth decades but remained relatively constant thereafter. The prevalence of class I (59% vs 45%) and class II (10% vs 7%) sarcopenia was greater in the older (> or = 60 years) women than in the older men (P <.001). The likelihood of functional impairment and disability was approximately two times greater in the older men and three times greater in the older women with class II sarcopenia than in the older men and women with a normal SMI, respectively. Some of the associations between class II sarcopenia and functional impairment remained significant after adjustment for age, race, body mass index, health behaviors, and comorbidity. CONCLUSIONS: Reduced relative skeletal muscle mass in older Americans is a common occurrence that is significantly and independently associated with functional impairment and disability, particularly in older women. These observations provide strong support for the prevailing view that sarcopenia may be an important and potentially reversible cause of morbidity and mortality in older persons.     

乌鲁木齐市米东区社区中老年肌肉减少症患病率及影响因素

目的了解乌鲁木齐市米东区社区中老年肌肉减少症的患病率及影响因素,为制定肌肉减少症防治策略提供依据.方法采用现况调查方法收集社区中老年人的信息.采用In Body 270人体成分分析仪测量人体骨骼肌质量;使用握力器、4m步速方法评估中老年居民的肌肉力量和肌肉功能;了解中老年居民肌肉减少症的患病率及影响因素.结果本次共调查680例中老年人,年龄50~75岁,平均年龄(61.86±6.91)岁.中老年人群肌肉减少症总体患病率5.6%,其中男性患病率6.7%,女性患病率5.0%,不同性别间肌少症患病率差异无统计学意义(χ^2=0.815,P>0.05).中年人群肌少症患者3例,患病率1.1%;老年人群肌少症患者35例,患病率8.4%.中老年人群肌肉减少症组四肢骨骼肌质量指数(appendicular skeletal muscle mass index,ASMI)(t=7.059,P<0.001)、步速(t=3.170,P<0.001)、握力(t=5.538,P<0.001)、体质量指数(body mass index,BMI)(t=5.476,P<0.001)、蛋白质(t=5.872,P<0.001)、腰臀比(t=2.863,P<0.001)、矿物质均(t=5.399,P<0.001)较非肌肉减少症组降低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);肌肉减少症患病率影响因素的单因素分析结果显示,年龄、学历、BMI、是否患骨质疏松症是肌肉减少症的影响因素;二分类Logistics回归分析结果显示,年龄、BMI、骨质疏松症是肌肉减少症发生的独立影响因素.结论乌鲁木齐市米东区肌少症患率较低,男性高于女性.建议中老年社区居民应适当增加体质量,尤其是瘦体质量(肌肉质量),以提高自身BMI值从而降低肌肉减少症的患病率,建议加强营养和运动,积极预防骨质疏松症以减少肌肉减少症的发生、发展.     

Comparison of sarcopenic status between elderly leprosy survivors and general population

Because of chronicity and poor environments, elderly leprosy survivors might be at greater risk of developing obesity and sarcopenia than healthy individuals. This study aimed to investigate whether body composition and the prevalence of obesity and sarcopenia among elderly leprosy survivors with no or mild physical impairment differ from those of the general population. A total of 36 leprosy survivors aged 65–90 years with no or mild physical impairment were recruited. Individuals matched for sex, age, and height were selected as a control group from the Fourth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Anthropometric characteristics, body composition, appendicular skeletal muscle mass (ASM), modified skeletal muscle mass index (SMI), and the prevalence of obesity and sarcopenia were compared between the leprosy survivors and the control group. Compared to the control group, the leprosy survivors had higher body weight, BMI, total fat mass, and total fat percentage. The leprosy survivor group also had lower ASM (P = 0.035) and SMI (P < 0.001) values. Comparison of the composition of regional body parts showed that the lean body mass of the legs was lower in the leprosy survivor group even though this group had higher body weight. The leprosy survivor group also had a significantly higher prevalence of sarcopenia than the control group (38.7% vs. 5.6%; P = 0.002). These findings suggest that leprosy survivors are at greater risk of developing obesity and sarcopenia than healthy individuals. Further researches are required to investigate causes and mechanisms of sarcopenia in leprosy survivors.     

髋部骨折1266例流行病学调查分析

目的探索髋部骨折的流行病学特点,以期对老年髋部骨折的防治提供科学依据。方法回顾性分析上海复旦大学附属华东医院2008年-2012年1266例髋部骨折住院患者的临床资料。统计分析髋部骨折患者年龄、性别、致伤原因、好发季节、骨折类型、主要伴发病等的分布以及治疗方式、转归、住院天数和住院费用等资料。结果髋部骨折患者平均年龄为76．77±12．26岁,女性为78．83土10．20岁,显著高于男性的72．60土14．75岁,P〈0．001;全组老年人占89．42％,发病高峰年龄段为80～89岁,占42．1％,男女比例1：2．01。好发季节为冬季。老年患者的致伤原因以跌倒为主（91．08％）。1266例髋部骨折患者中,股骨颈骨折占48．34％,股骨粗隆间骨折占51．03％,股骨头骨折占0．63％。股骨粗隆间骨折平均年龄为78．69土11．39岁,显着高于股骨颈骨折的74．77±12．83岁,P〈0．001。髋部骨折的基本治疗方式为手术治疗,占86．02％;中青年组手术治疗的有效（痊愈＋好转）率为100％,老年组为98．76％,老年组围手术期死亡率为1．24％（12／966）。老年组的住院天数（20．5±9．5）d较中青年组（16．9±7．7）d长。髋部骨折手术治疗的人均费用：老年组为（5．16±1．82）万元,高于中青年组的（3．98±2．70）万元,从2008年（4．03±2．28万元）到2012年（5．51±1．90万元）逐年增高。结论髋部骨折是以老年人占绝大多数、以跌倒为主要致伤原因的骨质疏松性骨折;老年人髋部骨折手术治疗虽然有较大风险,但仍是其主要有效治疗手段;老年人髋部骨折手术治疗住院时间较长,费用较高,给患者家庭和社会造成沉重的经济负担。     

Association between Low Testosterone Levels and Sarcopenia in Cirrhosis: A Cross-sectional Study

Introduction and aim. Sarcopenia is an independent predictor of mortality in cirrhosis. Hypogonadism is common in cirrhosis and has been associated with sarcopenia in non-cirrhotic chronic liver disease populations. The aim of this study is to investigate if sarcopenia is associated with low testosterone levels in patients with cirrhosis.Material and methods. This is a retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data of 211 cirrhotic patients undergoing evaluation for liver transplantation. Sarcopenia was defined by computed tomography (CT) scan using specific cutoffs of the 3rd lumbar vertebra skeletal muscle index (L3 SMI). Morning testosterone levels were obtained in all patients.Results. Of the 211 patients, sarcopenia was noted in 94 (45%). Testosterone levels were lower in sarcopenic patients (10.7 ± 1.1 vs. 13.7 ± 1.4 nmol/L, p = 0.03) and hypotestosteronemia was more frequent in them too (34 vs. 16%, p = 0.004). In males, those with sarcopenia had lower testosterone levels (14.6 ± 1.4 vs. 21.9 ± 1.8, p = 0.002), and the corresponding frequency of hypotestosteronemia (42 vs. 19%, p = 0.006) was also higher. There were no significant differences in female patients. There was a weak correlation between L3 SMI and testosterone levels (r 0.37, p < 0.001). On multivariable regression analysis including sex, body mass index (BMI), hypotestosteronemia, MELD and etiology of cirrhosis, only hypotestosteronemia (RR 2.76, p = 0.005) and BMI (RR 0.88, p < 0.001) were independently associated with sarcopenia.Conclusion. Low testosterone levels are associated with sarcopenia in male cirrhotic patients. The potential therapeutic effect of testosterone to reverse sarcopenia in these patients warrants evaluation in future trials.     

老年髋部骨折围术期风险及术后1年效果评估

目的：了解老年髋部骨折患者围术期情况及术后1年结局并探讨进一步降低手术风险、提高手术疗效的可能措施。方法回顾性地分析复旦大学附属华东医院2010年1月～12月因髋部骨折住院并施行手术治疗的老年患者234例（年龄≥60岁）,通过病史查阅及电话随访,记录患者年龄、性别、髋部骨折类型、手术前后营养状况（BMI、血浆白蛋白水平、血红蛋白水平）、日常生活能力、认知功能、主要伴发疾病、手术方式、麻醉方式、术后并发症等。结果（1）老年人占髋部骨折总数92.36%（278/301）,女性多于男性。（2）术前身体状况多处于ASA Ⅱ～Ⅲ级之间,认知功能多在正常或轻度减退,心功能多在NYHA Ⅰ～Ⅱ级;术前主要营养指标均处于正常值低限;高血压病、心血管病、糖尿病、神经系统疾病、慢性支气管炎、肺部感染等是常见伴发疾病。（3）术后30d及1年的死亡率分别为2.99%和13.68%;术后生活自理能力完全恢复、部分恢复及无改善的患者各占64.32%,25.55%和10.13%;骨折类型、骨折前患者BMI、手术类型、术后并发症及术前身体状况对手术效果具有显著性意义（P＜0.05）。结论老年髋部骨折应及时进行手术治疗,充分进行多学科评估和术前准备,选择合适的手术及麻醉方式,加强围术期管理,降低术后潜在并发症。     

Sarcopenia in patients with rheumatic musculoskeletal diseases

Aim

To investigate the impact of high-dose glucocorticoid therapy on sarcopenia in hospitalized patients with rheumatic musculoskeletal diseases (RMDs).

Methods

We included patients with RMDs who were hospitalized between 2020 and 2022 for remission induction treatment and collected information on skeletal mass index (SMI) before high-dose glucocorticoid therapy and 1 month later. We divided the patients into 2 groups according to the progression of sarcopenia, defined as a >10% decrease in SMI, and compared their clinical characteristics.

Results

Forty-nine patients were included in this analysis. The mean age was 53.3 years, 73.5% were female, and the mean SMI was 5.3 kg/m². Before treatment, 83.7% had already met the definition of sarcopenia, and 57.1% experienced further sarcopenia progression after 1 month of high-dose glucocorticoid treatment. Patients with sarcopenia progression were predominantly male (P = 0.025), had a higher body weight (P = 0.048), and showed a higher SMI than those without sarcopenia at baseline (P = 0.008). Multivariable analysis revealed that body weight increase from 0 to week 1 of high-dose glucocorticoid treatment was associated with sarcopenia progression (odds ratio: 0.22, 95% CI: 0.04–0.61, P = 0.007) with a cut-off of −1.8 kg. During a mean observation period of 30.2 days, the incidence of infection was significantly higher in patients with progressive sarcopenia (P = 0.042).

Conclusions

One-month hospitalization with high-dose glucocorticoid therapy is associated with sarcopenia progression in patients with RMDs. An early decrease in body weight can be used to predict muscle volume loss.     

Sarcopenia is more prevalent in men than in women after hip fracture: A cross-sectional study of 591 inpatients

Our aim was to compare the prevalence of sarcopenia in men and women with hip fracture. We studied 591 of 630 hip fracture inpatients consecutively admitted to our Rehabilitation ward. All the patients underwent a Dual-Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry (DXA) scan 18.4±8.7 (mean±SD) days after hip fracture occurrence. Sarcopenia was defined when appendicular lean mass divided by height squared was less than two standard deviations below the mean of the young reference group obtained from population based studies. Using normative data from the New Mexico Elder Health Study, 340 of the 531 women (64.0%), and 57 of the 60 men (95.0%) had sarcopenia. Using normative data from the survey performed in Rochester, Minnesota, 116 of the 531 women (21.8%), and 52 of the 60 men (86.7%) had sarcopenia. After adjustment for age, time between fracture occurrence and DXA scan, number of medications in use, and number of concomitant diseases, men had a significantly higher prevalence of sarcopenia than women (p<0.001). The adjusted odds ratio was either 10.54 (95% CI from 3.25 to 34.16) or 23.64 (from 10.8 to 51.6) depending on the reference population adopted. Our data shows a high proportion of sarcopenic subjects after hip-fracture. Sarcopenia was significantly more prevalent in men than in women. Relevancy of prevention and treatment of muscle loss is emphasized, particularly in men.