膳食因素与吸烟者和非吸烟者舌癌发病的关系

目的探讨膳食因素对吸烟和非吸烟人群舌癌发病的影响。方法采用病例-对照研究方法,收集2011年12月—2016年3月福州市某医院经病理学确诊的舌癌新发病例251例,同期收集来自福州市某社区的健康对照1382例。面访调查研究对象的吸烟、饮酒史以及一年前的膳食情况等内容,应用非条件Logistic回归模型计算膳食因素与舌癌发病风险的调整OR值及其95%CI,并进行吸烟与食畜肉类之间的相乘交互作用分析。结果进食鱼类≥3次/周、海鲜类≥1次/周、奶类及奶制品≥1次/周、绿叶蔬菜和非绿叶蔬菜≥1次/天以及新鲜水果≥3次/周均可降低舌癌的发病风险。按是否吸烟分层后,鱼类、海鲜类以及绿叶蔬菜和非绿叶蔬菜对舌癌的保护作用在吸烟人群中更加显著。而进食畜肉类≥3次/周仅与吸烟者舌癌的发病相关(调整OR=1.55,95%CI 1.02~2.34),且吸烟与食畜肉类存在正相乘交互作用(OR相乘=2.08,95%CI 1.43~3.03)。结论适量摄入新鲜的蔬菜水果、鱼及海鲜类、奶类及奶制品,以及在吸烟者中减少畜肉类的过量摄入可减少舌癌的发生。     

中山市鼻咽癌流行病学危险因素探究

目的 探究中山市鼻咽癌的发病危险因素,为深入开展鼻咽癌病因预防提供科学依据.方法 收集广东省中山市人民医院肿瘤防治中心放疗科的100例鼻咽癌新发病例,同时按1∶3匹配收集(同性别、年龄±5岁)300名对照进行问卷调查,运用条件Logistic回归模型筛选出与鼻咽癌发病有关的独立危险因素.结果 7项暴露因素与鼻咽癌密切相关:鼻咽癌家族史、EB病毒感染、居所附近空气污染、职业接触有害物质、幼年时厨房与卧室分开、吸烟、饮茶,其OR值分别为:4.03、1.44、2.14、1.76、0.46、1.96、0.53.此外,经常锻炼、较好的情绪调节能力是农村地区居民患鼻咽癌新的保护因素 结论 中山市鼻咽癌发病的重要危险因素除EB病毒感染、鼻咽癌家族史外,空气污染、长期接触有害物质、吸烟、饮酒等也会显著增加患鼻咽癌的风险,而健康行为如长期锻炼、经常食用新鲜水果蔬菜、饮茶等会降低鼻咽癌发生的风险.     

中国人群食管癌主要饮食影响因素的Meta分析

[目的]定量综合评价各种食管癌主要饮食影响因素在我国食管癌发病中的作用,为制定防治措施提供依据。[方法]应用Meta分析原理,全面收集1990～2008年中国人群饮食因素与食管癌的相关文献,制定纳入与排除标准,采用随机效应模型,应用STATA10.0软件计算各影响因素的合并OR值及其95%CI。对结果进行发表性偏倚的量化分析和敏感性分析。[结果]共入选17篇文献,累计病例3737例,对照4243例。腌制食品、饮食不规律、进食过快、热烫饮食、饮酒、辛辣食品、吸烟、油炸食品、霉变食品的合并OR值及其95%CI均大于1,而饮茶、水果、新鲜蔬菜的合并OR值及其95%CI均小1,高盐饮食、干硬食品、葱蒜、动物肉类、禽蛋、豆制品、饮水不清洁与食管癌危险性的关联没有统计学意义。[结论]腌制食品、饮食不规律、进食过快、热烫饮食、饮酒、辛辣食品、吸烟、油炸食品、霉变食品可能为中国人群食管癌饮食危险因素,而饮茶、水果、新鲜蔬菜可能为饮食保护因素,高盐饮食、干硬食品、葱蒜、动物肉类、禽蛋、豆制品、饮水不清洁对食管癌的作用尚不能确定。发表性偏倚量化分析和敏感性分析表明本文结果受发表性偏倚影响较小,较稳定可靠。     

中国人群胃癌发病影响因素meta分析

目的探讨中国人群胃癌发病的影响因素,为胃癌的预防控制提供参考依据。方法检索中国生物医学文献数据库(CBM)、维普中文科技期刊数据库(VIP)、中国学术文献总库(CNKI)和万方数据库,并辅以手工检索和文献追溯法收集1998年1月—2015年12月公开发表的关于中国人群胃癌发病影响因素的相关文献;应用RevMan 5.2软件对纳入的文献进行meta分析。结果最终纳入39篇中文文献,累计病例组患者8 979例,对照组人群11 593人;meta分析结果显示,吸烟(OR=2.79,95%CI=2.41~3.24)、喜食腌制食品(OR=2.48,95%CI=2.16~2.85)、饮食不规律(OR=2.46,95%CI=2.08~2.92)、有消化系统疾病史(OR=6.85,95%CI=3.98~11.79)、饮酒(OR=2.63,95%CI=2.04~3.38)、重盐饮食(OR=2.58,95%CI=2.09~3.20)、喜食煎炸食品(OR=2.28,95%CI=1.87~2.78)、喜食烫食(OR=2.67,95%CI=2.12~3.37)、有肿瘤家族史(OR=4.50,95%CI=3.64~5.56)、喜食熏制食品(OR=2.86,95%CI=2.02~4.04)、有幽门螺杆菌感染(OR=2.48,95%CI=1.60~3.86)、进食速度快(OR=2.60,95%CI=2.06~3.30)、暴饮暴食(OR=2.30,95%CI=1.75~3.02)、喜食干硬食品(OR=3.99,95%CI=2.51~6.35)和喜食辣食(OR=2.64,95%CI=1.60~4.35)是中国人群胃癌发病的危险因素,常吃蔬菜(OR=0.58,95%CI=0.49~0.68)、常饮茶(OR=0.52,95%CI=0.42~0.64)、常吃豆及豆制品(OR=0.49,95%CI=0.36~0.67)、常吃葱蒜(OR=0.37,95%CI=0.24~0.56)、常吃奶及奶制品(OR=0.63,95%CI=0.51~0.79)和常吃水果(OR=0.56,95%CI=0.48~0.65)是中国人群胃癌发病的的保护因素;敏感性分析和发表偏倚评估结果显示,纳入的文献不存在发表偏倚,结果较为可靠。结论吸烟饮酒情况、家族史、疾病史和饮食习惯均为中国胃癌发病的主要影响因素。     

上海市松江地区40岁及以上居民膳食模式对2型糖尿病患病影响的研究

目的 探索上海市松江地区 ≥ 40岁居民的膳食模式与2型糖尿病的关联及作用模式。方法 使用上海市"高峰计划"松江人群队列基线调查得到的资料进行分析,选择符合纳入排除标准的2型糖尿病患者作为病例组,并根据性别、年龄和饮酒情况匹配非糖尿病患者作为对照组;采用因子分析确立研究人群的膳食模式;采用条件logistic回归模型探索不同膳食模式以及膳食模式之间的相乘交互作用与2型糖尿病之间的联系。结果 经因子分析,本研究得到6种膳食模式,分别为肉类模式、甜品杂粮模式、调味品蛋类模式、饮料模式、谷薯类模式和水果蔬菜模式。经单因素和多因素条件logistic回归分析,肉类模式和甜品杂粮模式与2型糖尿病的相关性无统计学意义,而调味品蛋类模式(OR=0.543,95%CI:0.377~0.781)、饮料模式(OR=0.590,95%CI:0.409~0.852)、谷薯类模式(OR=0.592,95%CI:0.414~0.848)和水果蔬菜模式(OR=0.604,95%CI:0.417~0.876)与2型糖尿病的发病风险降低有关。分析膳食模式两两之间的相乘交互作用之后,有3个交互项与2型糖尿病的联系有统计学意义:肉类模式与调味品蛋类模式的相乘交互项与2型糖尿病的发病风险升高有关;谷薯类模式与肉类模式、谷薯类模式与水果蔬菜模式的相乘交互项与2型糖尿病发病风险降低有关。结论 6种膳食模式中谷薯类模式和水果蔬菜模式可能具有预防2型糖尿病的意义。此外,以谷类、薯类为主,搭配适量肉类,减少调味品摄入的膳食模式对降低2型糖尿病的患病风险可能也有积极作用。     

2017～2019年滕州市居民膳食及生活行为方式与食管癌发病的病例对照分析

目的了解滕州市居民膳食及生活行为方式对食管癌发病的影响,为制定防治策略提供依据。方法选取2017～2019年省级医院及滕州市中心人民医院经胃镜、临床病理检查确诊的新发食管癌住院患者作为病例组,在同期住院患者中选取对照组,按照病例与对照1∶1配对设计进行居民膳食及生活行为方式对食管癌发病影响的条件Logistic回归分析。结果病例组、对照组各106例,病例组平均年龄为(60.86±9.36)岁,对照组为(60.20±9.01)岁,男性72对,女性34对,男女之比为2.12∶1,有吸烟、饮酒、新鲜蔬菜、腌制食品、热烫饮食、干硬食物、进食快、三餐不规律、经常生闷气和肿瘤家族史10个因素进入条件Logistic回归模型,OR值分别为2.423、3.525、0.423、2.081、2.947、3.125、2.756、1.963、1.814和2.847,即吸烟、饮酒、经常进食腌制食品、热烫饮食、干硬食物、进食快、三餐不规律、生闷气和有肿瘤家族史是EC发生的影响因素,多食新鲜蔬菜可降低EC发生风险(P0.05或0.01)。结论膳食结构和饮食习惯是导致EC发病可改变的因素,居民减少对食管"辛辣、热烫、快、咸、硬"等物理刺激,可有效降低EC发病风险。     

非吸烟非饮酒人群中饮茶、食用奶制品与肺癌发病风险病例对照研究

目的了解非吸烟非饮酒人群中茶和奶制品摄入与原发性肺癌发病的关系,为原发性肺癌的预防控制提供参考依据。方法采用以医院为基础的病例对照研究方法,对2006年1月—2015年7月在福建医科大学附属第一医院、福建医科大学附属协和医院和南京军区福州总医院经病理组织确诊的564例非吸烟非饮酒的原发性肺癌新发病例作为病例组及按病例组同性别、年龄(±2岁)匹配的同期在此3家医院访视病人的564名非吸烟非饮酒的健康人群作为对照组进行问卷调查。结果在调整了性别、年龄、民族、文化程度、体质指数、是否家庭场所被动吸烟、是否工作场所被动吸烟、肺部疾病史、肿瘤家族史、厨房油烟情况等混杂因素后,多因素非条件logistic回归分析结果显示,饮茶的非吸烟非饮酒人群原发性肺癌发病风险为不饮茶的非吸烟非饮酒人群的0.457倍(OR=0.457,95%CI=0.341～0.613),且饮茶年限、每周饮茶次数、饮茶浓度和每月饮茶量均与原发性肺癌发病风险存在剂量–反应关系(均P 0.001),饮红茶、绿茶和花茶者原发性肺癌发病风险分别为不饮茶者的0.351倍(OR=0.351, 95%CI=0.187～0.657)、 0.493倍(OR=0.493, 95%CI=0.326～0.745)和0.207倍(OR=0.207, 95%CI=0.090～0.474);食用奶制品的非吸烟非饮酒人群原发性肺癌发病风险为不食用奶制品的非吸烟非饮酒人群的0.503倍(OR=0.503,95%CI=0.387～0.653),且食用奶制品频次和饮奶量均与原发性肺癌发病风险存在剂量–反应关系(均P 0.001);饮茶和食用奶制品对原发性肺癌发病存在相乘交互作用(P交互=0.001),饮茶和食用奶制品的非吸烟非饮酒人群原发性肺癌发病风险为不饮茶和不食用奶制品的非吸烟非饮酒人群的0.195倍(OR交互=0.195,95%CI=0.129～0.294)。结论茶和奶制品摄入是非吸烟非饮酒人群原发性肺癌的保护因素,两者联合作用时可显著降低非吸烟非饮酒人群原发性肺癌的发病风险。     

食管癌主要危险因素的Meta分析

[目的]综合评价我国食管癌发病的危险因素,为制定防治措施提供依据。[方法]应用Meta分析原理对国内22篇有关食管癌危险因素的病例对照研究进行定量综合分析。用随机效应模型D-L法计算OR值及其95％cJ。[结果]吸烟、饮酒、饮茶、热烫饮食、进食快、饮食不规律、食用腌菜、新鲜蔬菜、水果、喜吃咸食、食管癌家族史和精神刺激因素的OR值分别为1．58(1．28,1．95)、1．75(1．28,2．38)、0．54(0．32,0．90)、2．31(1．89,2．82)、2．28(1．69,3．07)、2．79(1．81,4．31)、2．20(1．79,2．70)、0．52(0．35,0．77)、0．77(0．72,0．83)、1．61(1．24,2．09)、3．06(2．26,4．14)和2．26(1．89,2．70)。[结论]吸烟、饮酒、热烫饮食、进食快、饮食不规律、食用腌菜、喜吃咸食、食管癌家族史和精神刺激因素为食管癌的危险因素;饮茶、食用新鲜蔬菜和水果为食管癌的保护因素。     

小蔬果大学问

近期有研究发现,蔬菜、水果摄人不足是世界各国居民死亡前十大高危因素。多食蔬菜、水果可降低脑卒中、冠心病及胃肠道癌症的发病风险。《中国居民膳食指南》推荐,餐餐有蔬菜,保证每天摄人300~500克蔬菜,深色蔬菜应占1/2;天天吃水果,保证每天摄入200 ~ 350克新鲜水果。     

食管癌发病因素的病例对照研究

目的探讨食管癌发病的危险因素与保护因素, 为预防、治疗及后期干预提供策略。方法采用回顾性研究的方法, 选择2020年7月至2023年2月南京市六合区人民医院收治的经病理确诊的食管癌患者150例(观察组)和同期骨科非肿瘤患者150例(对照组)为研究对象, 进行问卷调查, 分析食管癌发病的独立危险因素和保护因素。结果单因素Logistic回归分析结果表明, 吸烟、饮酒、饮烫茶(热饮>65 ℃)、食用生硬食物、食用腌制食品频率、食用水果频率、食用蔬菜频率、发脾气次数、经济收入、食用面包次数是影响食管癌发病的因素(P<0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析结果表明, 吸烟、食用水果≤3次/周、以前饮酒但是现在不饮酒、不吃生硬食物是影响食管癌发病的因素(P<0.05)。结论吸烟和食用水果≤3次/周是食管癌发病的独立危险因素, 以前饮酒但是现在不饮酒和不吃生硬食物是食管癌发病的独立保护因素。     

Relationship of alcohol consumption to diet: a population-based study in Hawaii

The relationship of alcohol use to diet was examined in 2272 male and 2337 female adults aged 45 y and older who provided a quantitative diet history during 1977-1979. Mean values for each dietary variable, adjusted for smoking, ethnicity, income, and education, were compared in each sex between abstainers and drinkers and by tertile of ethanol intake. Linear relationships with extent of drinking were also sought. Drinkers were found to be less obese than abstainers. Consumption of carbohydrate, vitamins, calcium, fruits, fruit juices, and raw vegetables was greater among abstainers whereas consumption of fat (particularly polyunsaturated fatty acids), cholesterol, zinc, meat, pickled vegetables, and dried fish was greater among drinkers. Because validations of dietary questionnaires have shown that alcohol consumption is more accurately recalled than food intake, the possibility of a residual confounding effect for these dietary variables should be considered in epidemiologic studies of alcohol and health.     

Differences in dietary intake with smoking, alcohol, and education.

Differences in the frequency of consumption of 30 selected foods and in the estimated intake of total calories and selected nutrients in relation to alcohol drinking, tobacco smoking, and education were described using information obtained from 1,774 controls of a case-control study of digestive tract cancers conducted in northern Italy. Heavy alcohol consumption, tobacco smoking, and lower level of education were associated with a diet poorer in several aspects, including lower consumption of fresh fruit and green vegetables and higher intake of specific indicator foods, such as sausages and canned meat. For instance, the mean number of portions of fresh fruit per week was 10.5 among male nondrinkers vs. 9.0 among heavy drinkers, 10.4 among male nonsmokers vs. 8.1 among heavy smokers, and 8.8 in less educated individuals vs. 10.7 among those more educated. Consequently, intake of beta-carotene, ascorbic acid, and calcium tended to be inversely related to alcohol and tobacco and directly related to education. Most associations were stronger in males, for whom alcohol consumption was also more common in less educated individuals. Calorie intake was directly related to alcohol consumption, largely reflecting calories provided by alcohol itself. However, alcohol drinking was also directly related to fat consumption. In both sexes, there was a strong positive correlation between cigarette smoking and coffee drinking. These results provide quantitative documentation that alcohol drinking, tobacco smoking, and education, three of the major determinants of cancer risks, were also correlates of dietary patterns and, hence, may exert an important confounding or modifying effect on the diet and cancer relationship.     

Risk and protective factors for chronic non-communicable diseases: the VIGITEL telephone disease surveillance system, Brazil, 2007

This article describes the prevalence of risk and protective factors for chronic non-communicable diseases in Brazil, using data collected in 2007 through the telephone disease surveillance system (VIGITEL). We evaluated 54,252 adults residing in Brazil's State capitals and Federal District. Men showed higher rates of smoking, overweight, consumption of soft drinks and fatty meat, sufficient leisure-time physical activity, sedentary lifestyle, and binge drinking; women showed higher consumption of fruits and vegetables. For men with more schooling, the probability of smoking decreased by 42% and consumption of fatty meat decreased by 31%; overweight increased 86%, sedentary lifestyle 42%, regular consumption of fruits and vegetables 89%, and leisure-time physical activity 78%. For women with more schooling, the probability of smoking decreased 31%, overweight 26%, and consumption of fatty meat 35%; sedentary lifestyle increased 76%, leisure-time physical activity 77%, regular consumption of fruits and vegetables 48%, and recommended consumption of fruits and vegetables 75%.     

Dairy Products and Prostate Cancer Risk

Differences in the frequency of consumption of 30 selected foods and in the estimated intake of total calories and selected nutrients in relation to alcohol drinking, tobacco smoking, and education were described using information obtained from 1,774 controls of a case‐control study of digestive tract cancers conducted in northern Italy. Heavy alcohol consumption, tobacco smoking, and lower level of education were associated with a diet poorer in several aspects, including lower consumption of fresh fruit and green vegetables and higher intake of specific indicator foods, such as sausages and canned meat. For instance, the mean number of portions of fresh fruit per week was 10.5 among male nondrinkers vs. 9.0 among heavy drinkers, 10.4 among male nonsmokers vs. 8.1 among heavy smokers, and 8.8 in less educated individuals vs. 10.7 among those more educated. Consequently, intake of ß‐carotene, ascorbic acid, and calcium tended to be inversely related to alcohol and tobacco and directly related to education. Most associations were stronger in males, for whom alcohol consumption was also more common in less educated individuals. Calorie intake was directly related to alcohol consumption, largely reflecting calories provided by alcohol itself. However, alcohol drinking was also directly related to fat consumption. In both sexes, there was a strong positive correlation between cigarette smoking and coffee drinking. These results provide quantitative documentation that alcohol drinking, tobacco smoking, and education, three of the major determinants of cancer risks, were also correlates of dietary patterns and, hence, may exert an important confounding or modifying effect on the diet and cancer relationship.     

邢台山区食管癌的发病因素及其对策分析

目的 探讨邢台山区食管癌的发病因素及其对策。 方法 选取2016年12月-2018年12月邢台山区来河北省民政总医院就诊的食管癌患者200例作为癌症组,同期选取非食管癌200例作为对照组,采用自制《食管癌的发病因素问卷》收集两组人员资料,并采用单因素分析和logistic回归分析食管癌的发病因素。 结果 癌症组少食新鲜蔬菜、少食新鲜水果、少食豆类、少食蛋类、喜食硬食、喜食腌制品、喜食烫食、喜食油炸食物、进食快、不规律饮食、吃霉变食物、饮酒、抽烟、饮用深井水和有胃肠炎、食管炎、家族肿瘤、胃和十二指肠溃疡病史的构成比明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。癌症组和对照组性别、年龄、学历、婚姻、食用肉类,饮用奶类、喜食甜食、喜食辛辣食物的构成比比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);logistic回归分析显示,少食新鲜蔬菜、少食豆类、喜食硬食、喜食腌制品、喜食烫食、喜食油炸食物、吃霉变食物、饮酒、抽烟、饮用深井水和有胃肠炎、食管炎、家族肿瘤、胃和十二指肠溃疡病史是食管癌的危险因素(P<0.05)。 结论 邢台山区食管癌的发病与多种因素有关,应重视有消化系统疾病的高危人群筛查。     

Effects of lifestyle on urinary 1-hydroxypyrene concentration

This study aimed to clarify the variation of urinary excretion of 1-hydroxypyrene, which is a major metabolite of pyrene, in relation to lifestyle, including factors such as diet and smoking. The study subjects were 251 workers (male: 196, female: 55, mean age: 44.3) who were not occupationally exposed to PAHs. Urine specimens were collected from 8:00 a.m. to 11:00 a.m. and their 1-hydroxypyrene concentrations were determined by HPLC. A questionnaire was distributed in order to learn gross aspects of the subjects' lifestyles, i.e., smoking, alcohol consumption, coffee/black tea intake, and dietary habits. Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that cigarette consumption most strongly affected the 1-hydroxypyrene level in urine, followed by dietary balance. The urinary 1-hydroxypyrene concentrations of smokers were about 2 times higher than those of non-smokers. Subjects who ate more meat and/or fish excreted 1.5-2 times more 1-hydroxypyrene in urine than those who ate more vegetables.     

原发性胃癌相关因素的条件Logistic回归分析

目的：探讨原发性胃癌的危险因素。方法：于1999年2月至2000年2月，在江西省进行了1次配对病例对照研究，资料统计采用Logistic回归模型。结果：经单因素和多因素条件Logistic回归分析后筛选出可能的危险因素有：喜食腌制仪食品、油炸食品、吸烟、进餐不规律；可能的保护因素有：喜食豆及豆类制品、新鲜蔬菜、饮用自来水为主、常饮绿茶4个因素。结论：饮食结构、生活习惯以及饮水类型与原发性胃癌有较好的关联。     

饮食与胃癌关系的病例对照研究

目的探讨鱼露摄入及饮食、生活习惯与胃癌发生的关系。方法１９９４年５月～１９９５年７月，在胃癌高发区福建省长乐、福清两市，进行以人群为基础１２配对的病例对照研究。共调查２７２对。结果危险状态的单因素检验提示，过量摄入鱼露（ＯＲ＝２．５７）、腌制蔬菜（ＯＲ＝１．４１）、腌制海产品（ＯＲ＝１．５７），少吃新鲜蔬菜（ＯＲ＝１．９５）、柑桔类水果（ＯＲ＝１．４１）、其他水平（ＯＲ＝１．３１）、绿茶（ＯＲ＝１．７２），以及暴露于霉粮（ＯＲ＝２．３２）、三餐不定时（ＯＲ＝５．４７）、家族肿瘤史（ＯＲ＝３．２７）等与胃癌的发生存在显著性正关联。未发现吸烟、饮酒、盐摄入量、使用冰箱等与胃癌间的联系。危险状态的条件Ｌｏｇｉｓｔｉｃ回归分析，入选最佳子集的因素为鱼露、腌制海产品、三餐不定时和家族肿瘤史。４个因素的综合归因危险度为７５．４９％。结论过量摄入鱼露、腌制食品、霉粮，及三餐不定时、家族肿瘤史等可能是当地胃癌高发的危险因素。而新鲜蔬菜、水果，绿茶等可能具有保护作用。     

Dietary habits of smokers, people who never smoked, and exsmokers

A large database on hospital patients with illnesses not related to tobacco or alcohol was used to investigate the dietary habits of males and females who never smoked, who were exsmokers, and who currently smoked. Smoking was positively related to meat consumption and negatively related to cereal consumption in males. Both male and female smokers consumed fewer vegetables and fruits but more alcohol and coffee than did people who never smoked. Exsmokers' diets were similar to those of people who never smoked. These results emphasize the importance of ruling out potential confounders or effect modifiers when studying the role of meat, milk, fruits, vegetables, cereal, coffee, or alcohol intake in the etiology of tobacco-related diseases.