上海市松江地区40岁及以上居民膳食模式对2型糖尿病患病影响的研究

目的 探索上海市松江地区 ≥ 40岁居民的膳食模式与2型糖尿病的关联及作用模式。方法 使用上海市"高峰计划"松江人群队列基线调查得到的资料进行分析,选择符合纳入排除标准的2型糖尿病患者作为病例组,并根据性别、年龄和饮酒情况匹配非糖尿病患者作为对照组;采用因子分析确立研究人群的膳食模式;采用条件logistic回归模型探索不同膳食模式以及膳食模式之间的相乘交互作用与2型糖尿病之间的联系。结果 经因子分析,本研究得到6种膳食模式,分别为肉类模式、甜品杂粮模式、调味品蛋类模式、饮料模式、谷薯类模式和水果蔬菜模式。经单因素和多因素条件logistic回归分析,肉类模式和甜品杂粮模式与2型糖尿病的相关性无统计学意义,而调味品蛋类模式(OR=0.543,95%CI:0.377~0.781)、饮料模式(OR=0.590,95%CI:0.409~0.852)、谷薯类模式(OR=0.592,95%CI:0.414~0.848)和水果蔬菜模式(OR=0.604,95%CI:0.417~0.876)与2型糖尿病的发病风险降低有关。分析膳食模式两两之间的相乘交互作用之后,有3个交互项与2型糖尿病的联系有统计学意义:肉类模式与调味品蛋类模式的相乘交互项与2型糖尿病的发病风险升高有关;谷薯类模式与肉类模式、谷薯类模式与水果蔬菜模式的相乘交互项与2型糖尿病发病风险降低有关。结论 6种膳食模式中谷薯类模式和水果蔬菜模式可能具有预防2型糖尿病的意义。此外,以谷类、薯类为主,搭配适量肉类,减少调味品摄入的膳食模式对降低2型糖尿病的患病风险可能也有积极作用。

Influence of dietary patterns on type 2 diabetes mellitus in local residents aged 40 years and above in Songjiang district, Shanghai

Objective To evaluate the association between dietary pattern and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in local residents aged 40 years and above in Songjiang district of Shanghai. Methods Data was obtained from the baseline investigation of Shanghai Peak-Plan cohort. According to inclusion and exclusion criteria, we selected people with T2DM as the case group, and people without T2DM as controls, matched with gender, age and alcohol intake status. Dietary patterns were established by factor analysis. Conditional logistic regression model (CLRM) was used to explore the relationship between different dietary patterns and T2DM, as well as the association between multiplicative interactions of dietary patterns and T2DM. Results We used factor analysis to obtain six dietary patterns:including meat, desserts-coarse cereals, condiment-egg, beverage, cereals-tubers and fruit-vegetable. Data from multivariate condition logistic regression suggested that condiment-egg patterns as (OR=0.543, 95%CI:0.377-0.781), beverage (OR=0.590, 95%CI:0.409-0.852), cereals-tubers (OR=0.592, 95%CI:0.414-0.848), fruit-vegetable (OR=0.604, 95%CI:0.417-0.876) were associated with the reduced risks for T2DM. After analyzing the multiplicative interactions between dietary patterns, there were three interaction items associated with T2DM with statistical significances:the multiplicative interaction between meat pattern and condiments-egg pattern was related with the increased risk for T2MD, and the multiplicative interactions between cereal-tubers pattern, meat pattern between cereal-tubers pattern and fruit-vegetable pattern were related with the reduced risks for T2MD. Conclusions In the six dietary pattern under study, cereals-tubers pattern undwr studly, fruit-vegetable pattern might be more practical in preventing T2DM. In addition, the dietary pattern with cereals and potatos as the main ingredients, appropriate meat and reduced condiment intake might also play positive roles in reducing the risk for T2DM.