11C-蛋氨酸的制备及其正电子发射断层／CT显像

目的研究新型脑肿瘤显像剂11C-蛋氨酸（11C-MET）的制备方法，探讨11C-MET的临床显像方法及其在脑肿瘤显像中的应用。方法回旋加速器轰击产生11C-CO2，甲醇化后获得反应活性很强的甲基化前体11C-CH3I，再与L-高胱氨酸硫内酯在常温下反应获得11C-MET。对1例脑胶质瘤术后患者进行PET／CT脑显像。结果11C-MET合成时间约2min，合成效率为85％，放射化学纯度〉99％，质量控制指标合格。结论11C-MET合成速度快，合成效率较高，适用于临床PET显像。11C-MET在脑肿瘤内有较长的滞留时间，有较高的肿瘤／脑比值，是理想的脑肿瘤显像剂。     

18F-FDGPET／CT显像在厚壁型胆囊癌诊断中的价值

目的：探讨18 F-FDG PET/CT显像在厚壁型胆囊癌诊断中的价值。方法13例CT或B超发现胆囊壁增厚患者行18 F-FDG PET/CT检查,鉴别病变良恶性。结果13例患者中,5例表现为18 F-FDG摄取阳性,其中4例为胆囊癌,1例为慢性胆囊炎。8例患者表现为18 F-FDG摄取阴性。其中3例经手术证实为慢性胆囊炎,其余5例结合临床资料及随访半年后复查,确诊为慢性胆囊炎。18 F-FDG PET/CT 诊断厚壁型胆囊癌的敏感性、特异性分别为100％、88．9％。结论18 F-FDG PET/CT 显像对厚壁型胆囊癌的诊断有较好的临床价值。     

L-[S-11C-甲基]-蛋氨酸的体内生物分布和PET显像

目的 研究新型脑肿瘤显像剂11C-蛋氨酸的体内生物学分布,探讨11C-蛋氨酸的临床显像方法及其在脑肿瘤显像中的应用.方法 将24只Wistar大鼠按每组4只分为6组,分别由尾静脉注入11C-蛋氨酸,在5、10、20、30、40 min时断头放血处死,采集血液,摘取肝、脑、心、肺、肾、脾等脏器测定放射性计数,测定11C-蛋氨酸在小鼠体内的分布,对健康志愿者和病理证实胶质瘤患者进行PET脑显像.结果与结论 11C-MET在脑肿瘤内有较长的滞留时间,11C-蛋氨酸有较高的肿瘤/脑比值,是理想的脑肿瘤显像剂;11C-蛋氨酸还能实现脑垂体的显像.     

18F-FDG PET/CT显像在131I全身扫描及血清Tg均阴性的已清除残留甲状腺组织的分化型甲状腺癌患者中的应用价值

目的探讨18F-FDG PET/CT显像在血清Tg和131I-全身扫描均为阴性的行甲状腺癌切除和清除残留甲状腺组织治疗后的患者中检测肿瘤复发和转移的应用价值。方法 41例接受了甲状腺全切和大剂量131I清除残留甲状腺组织治疗的DTC患者,在随访中进行了血清Tg测定、131I-WBS、颈部B超、胸部CT及18F-FDG PET/CT全身显像。结果 41例患者血清Tg和131I-WBS均为阴性,颈部B超或胸部CT均显示存在异常病灶;其中23例患者18F-FDG PET/CT显像阳性,18例患者18F-FDG PET/CT显像阴性。18F-FDG PET/CT显像阳性患者中,有3例经病理检查证实为甲状腺癌转移;18F-FDG PET/CT显像阳性病灶与阴性病灶的长短径差异无统计学意义。结论接受甲状腺全切和大剂量131I清除残留甲状腺组织治疗后的DTC患者术后随访血清Tg及131I-WBS均为阴性时,18F-FDG PET/CT显像可显示可疑的阳性病灶,有助于发现复发和转移病灶。     

~(18)F-FDGPET/CT对发热待查的诊断价值

目的探讨18F-脱氧葡萄糖(18F-FDG)PET/CT显像对发热待查(FUO)病因的诊断价值。方法回顾性分析常规检查未能明确诊断FUO病因的32例(男17例,女15例)患者的18F-FDG PET/CT显像资料,PET/CT结果判断采用目测法和半定量分析方法,根据病理学检查或临床随访分析18F-FDG PET/CT显像结果。结果 32例患者行PET/CT检查后经病理学检查或临床随访证实,PET/CT显像阳性的患者共28例,其中感染14例,肿瘤性疾病(淋巴瘤)6例,非感染性疾病8例,PET/CT显像阴性的4例患者病因未明。6例肿瘤性疾病和14例感染性病变的最大标准摄取值分别为(7.52±1.58)和(3.04±1.35),差异有统计学意义(t=4.5,P0.05)。结论在诊断发热待查的患者中,18F-FDG PET/CT检查为临床进一步诊断提供了重要的参考价值,建议常规检查未能确诊的FUO病例,可尽早行PET/CT检查。     

18F-FDG PET/CT全身显像在不明原发灶肿瘤中的诊断价值

目的 探讨18F-FDG PET/CT全身显像在不明原发灶肿瘤中的诊断价值.方法 对54例病理学证实转移的不明原发灶肿瘤患者行PET/CT全身扫描.由2名经过放射学培训的核医学科医师盲法独立阅片.所有纳入病例均以病理学或3个月以上随访为最终诊断结果.结果 PET/CT发现26例患者的原发灶(26/54,48.1%),28例患者(28/54,51.9%)PET/CT未能发现其原发灶,1例假阳性,1例假阴性.此外,PET/CT发现了18例(18/54,33.3%)患者常规检查方法没有发现的转移灶,改变了29例(29/54,53.7%)患者的后续治疗方案.结论 18F-FDG PET/CT全身显像在不明原发灶肿瘤患者的诊断及后续临床处治方面有较大临床价值.     

双示踪剂18F-NaF/18F-FDG PET/CT同时显像在荷骨肉瘤小鼠模型中的应用

目的 建立双示踪剂18F-NaF/18F-FDG同时显像模式,探讨双示踪剂18F-NaF/18F-FDG PET/CT同时显像模式在荷骨肉瘤小鼠模型中的初步应用.方法 首先建立荷骨肉瘤裸鼠模型30只,随机分为3组,每组10只,即18F-NaF组、18F-FDG组、18F-NaF/18F-FDG双示踪剂组.分别于注射18F-NaF、18F-FDG及18F-NaF/18F-FDG 60 min后行PET/CT显像,双示踪剂组90 min后延迟显像.通过感兴趣区技术,测量肿瘤SUVmax以及T/M值.结果 18F-NaF/18F-FDG双示踪剂摄取和本底清除示踪剂速度较快.60 min及90 min时肿瘤SUVmax分别为4.63±0.65和3.35±0.53,T/M比值分别4.89和4.29.骨肉瘤对双示踪剂18F-NaF/18F-FDG摄取较18F-NaF或18F-FDG单一示踪剂摄取及T/M值均高,差异具有统计学意义.结论 双示踪剂18F-NaF/18F-FDG PET/CT同时显像模式在骨肉瘤中的应用是可行的,反映了骨肉瘤组织的病理生理,对于骨肉瘤的诊断、分期、恶性度判断及治疗监测具有重要临床应用价值.     

18F-FDG PET/CT显像在131I全身扫描及血清Tg均阴性的已清除残留甲状腺组织的分化型甲状腺癌患者中的应用价值

目的 探讨18 F-FDG PET/CT显像在血清Tg和131I-全身扫描均为阴性的行甲状腺癌切除和清除残留甲状腺组织治疗后的患者中检测肿瘤复发和转移的应用价值.方法 41例接受了甲状腺全切和大剂量131I清除残留甲状腺组织治疗的DTC患者,在随访中进行了血清Tg测定、131I-WBS、颈部B超、胸部CT及18F-FDG PET/CT全身显像.结果 41例患者血清Tg和131I-WBS均为阴性,颈部B超或胸部CT均显示存在异常病灶;其中23例患者18F-FDG PET/CT显像阳性,18例患者18F-FDG PET/CT显像阴性.18F-FDG PET/CT显像阳性患者中,有3例经病理检查证实为甲状腺癌转移;18F-FDG PET/CT显像阳性病灶与阴性病灶的长短径差异无统计学意义.结论 接受甲状腺全切和大剂量131I清除残留甲状腺组织治疗后的DTC患者术后随访血清Tg及131I-WRS均为阴性时,18F-FDG PET/CT显像可显示可疑的阳性病灶,有助于发现复发和转移病灶.     

18F-FDG PET/CT显像与99mTc-MDP全身骨显像诊断骨转移的价值

目的评价18F-脱氧葡萄糖(FDG)PET/CT与99mTc-亚甲基二膦酸盐(MDP)ECT全身骨显像对骨转移肿瘤的诊断价值.方法对29例经病理或临床证实的恶性肿瘤患者进行18F-FDG PET/CT显像与99mTc-MDP ECT全身骨显像,并评价显像效果.结果 26例肿瘤患者18F-FDG PET/CT显像为阳性,其中有17例患者发现骨转移45处;在99mTc-MDP ECT全身骨显像中,有20例患者发现骨转移77处.结论 18F-FDG PET/CT显像对恶性肿瘤具有较高的诊断价值,而99mTc-MDP ECT全身骨显像是诊断骨转移的常规方法.     

18F-氟乙酸联合18F-FDG PET/CT显像在肾肿瘤鉴别诊断中的价值

目的 探讨18F-FDG联合18F-FAC PET/CT显像对肾血管平滑肌脂肪瘤(angiomyolipoma,AML)与肾细胞癌(renal cell carcinoma,RCC)鉴别诊断及RCC分级的价值.方法 回顾性分析福建省立医院46例可疑肾肿瘤而行18F-FDG、18F-FAC双核素PET/CT显像患者资料.所有病例均经手术或穿刺活检证实.测量所有病灶的18F-FDG、18F-FAC PET/CT显像SUVmax值及CT平扫图像CT值.分析RCC和AML CT值、SUV-max值差异及不同级别RCC SUVmax值差异是否有统计学意义.结果 所有AML病灶表现为18F-FAC高摄取,18F-FDG低摄取或无摄取.RCC病灶的SUVmax值为2.07±0.51,显著低于乏脂肪AML(4.25±0.60),P＜0.05.低级别RCC检出率18F-FAC显像为82.6％(19/23),显著高于18F-FDG显像的8.7％ (2/23),P＜0.05.18F-FDG PET/CT显像高级别RCC SUVmax值(3.21±0.79)明显高于低级别RCC(1.21±0.13),P＜0.05.结论 18F-FAC可应用于AML与RCC的鉴别诊断.双核素PET/CT显像不仅可应用于肾肿瘤的鉴别诊断,还可用于肿瘤分级及预后判断.     

11C-methionine and 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/CT in the evaluation of patients with suspected primary and residual/recurrent gliomas

Background  ¹⁸F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) is the most widely used radiotracer in tumor imaging, but its use for brain gliomas and recurrence is limited by the high ¹⁸F-FDG uptake in normal brain tissue. ¹¹C-methionine (MET) has low uptake in the normal brain tissue, providing potential advantages over ¹⁸F-FDG. The aim of the study was to investigate the diagnostic value of ¹¹C-MET compared to ¹⁸F-FDG positron emission tomography and computed tomography (PET/CT) in patients with suspected primary and residual/recurrent gliomas.

Methods  Eighty paired PET/CT scans using ¹¹C-MET and ¹⁸F-FDG were performed on 44 newly diagnosed patients with suspected gliomas and 36 post-operative patients with suspected residual/recurrent tumors. PET/CT results were evaluated by visual and semiquantitative analysis. The sensitivity, specificity and accuracy for detection of gliomas and residual/recurrent tumors were calculated using visual analysis. Tumor to contralateral normal gray matter (T/G) ratio was calculated for semiquantitative analysis.

Results  Final pathology of the 44 newly diagnosed patients included 26 gliomas (14 high-grade and 12 low-grade tumors) and 18 non-glioma benign lesions. Residual/recurrent gliomas were verified in 28 patients and excluded in 8/36 post-operative patients by subsequent histopathologic examination and/or clinical follow-up for more than six months. The sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of ¹¹C-MET PET/CT were 88.5%, 83.3% and 86.4% for gliomas and 96.4%, 87.5% and 94.4% for residual/recurrent gliomas, respectively. The sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT were 50.0%, 88.9% and 65.9% for gliomas and 46.4%, 100.0% and 58.3% for residual/recurrent gliomas, respectively. ¹¹C-MET had a higher sensitivity than ¹⁸F-FDG (83.3% vs. 33.3%, P=0.031) in low-grade gliomas, but had no significant difference in sensitivity from ¹⁸F-FDG for high-grade gliomas (92.9% vs. 64.3%, P=0.219). ¹¹C-MET T/G uptake ratios in high-grade gliomas, low-grade gliomas and benign lesions were 1.94±0.53, 1.78±0.61 and 1.06±0.34, respectively. ¹⁸F-FDG T/G uptake ratios in high-grade gliomas, low-grade gliomas and benign lesions were 1.05±0.37, 0.66±0.14 and 0.63±0.17, respectively.

Conclusions  ¹¹C-MET PET/CT is superior to ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT in detecting and delineating gliomas and residual/recurrent tumors, especially low-grade gliomas and residual/recurrent lesions present in gray matter, but its role in non-invasive grading of the tumors is limited.

     

基于PDCA的护理管理降低PET/CT受检者显像剂外渗发生率的应用效果

目的：探究PDCA管理对降低PET/CT受检者显像剂外渗发生率的效果。方法：选取2022 年3月1日至2022年3月31日于温州医科大学附属第一医院行PET/CT检查的939例受检者作为对照组,2022年10月1日至11月30日行PET/CT检查的1 905例受检者作为实验组。对照组采用传统护理流程,实验组在传统护理流程基础上加以PDCA管理进行流程改造。比较两组受检者显像剂外渗发生率及外渗严重程度。结果：对照组受检者发生显像剂外渗13 例（1.38%）,实验组受检者发生显像剂外渗11例（0.58%）,实验组受检者的显像剂外渗发生率显著低于对照组（P ＜0.05）;实验组显像剂外渗严重程度低于对照组（P ＜0.05）。结论：PDCA管理能够有效降低PET/CT受检者显像剂外渗发生率,提高受检者的依从性和护理满意度。     

~(11)C-胆碱与~(18)氟去氧葡萄糖PET/CT显像在肺癌诊断中的对比研究

目的:通过11C-胆碱(11C-choline)与18氟去氧葡萄糖(18FDG) PET/CT显像对肺癌的对比研究,探讨11C-胆碱PET/CT显像对肺癌的诊断价值,并对其相关性进行研究.方法:21例肺癌患者行11C-胆碱及18FDG PET/CT显像,分别分析11C-胆碱及18FDG PET/CT图像,计算标准摄取值(SUV)、瘤/非瘤(T/N)组织,对11C-胆碱及18FDG PET/CT显像参数进行统计学分析.结果:21例肺癌患者中,17例11C-胆碱及18FDG PET/CT显像表现为代谢增高(80.9%).11C-胆碱PET/CT显像中病灶SUV、T/N值明显低于18FDG PET/CT显像结果(P＜0.05);11C-胆碱PET/CT显像中病灶SUV、T/N值与18FDG PET/CT显像呈正相关关系(r=0.57和0.52,P=0.007和0.016); 11C-胆碱PET/CT显像中SUV、T/N与病灶大小呈正相关关系(r=0.99、0.45 ,P=0.008 4、0.039),18FDG PET/CT显像中SUV与病灶大小呈正相关关系(r=0.68 ,P=0.000 7),而18FDG PET/CT显像T/N与病灶大小相关,但无统计学意义.结论:11C-胆碱反映肿瘤细胞细胞膜的合成情况,在肺癌的诊断中有一定价值.     

原发性中枢神经系统淋巴瘤的影像学表现与病理对照

目的 探讨原发性中枢神经系统淋巴瘤(PCNSL)的影像学特征.方法 回顾性分析13例经手术或穿刺病理证实的PCNSL患者的影像学资料和病理资料.其中5例行CT检查,6例行MRI检查,1例同时行CT、MRI检查,1例同时行MRI及PET/CT检查.结果 13例PCNSL中,单发11例、多发2例;幕上9例、幕下3例,弥漫分布1例.6例CT平扫呈等或稍高密度,增强后轻中度强化.7例MRI检查T1WI呈等低信号,T2WI呈等或稍低信号;Gd-DTPA增强后5例呈明显均匀强化,2例病灶中心伴有小囊变区;其中5例见"尖角征"、4例见"脐凹征".除1例弥漫型病变外余12例均伴有轻中度占位效应和瘤周水肿.1例弥漫型病变呈长T1长T2改变,增强后呈明显结节样强化,PET/CT示18F-FDG明显高摄取.病理示肿瘤呈灰白或灰红色,质软,无包膜,血运较丰富,镜下见瘤细胞多围绕在血管周围呈簇状分布.结论 PCNSL影像学表现有一定特征,可对临床有提示性诊断,必要时可立体定位穿刺活检.     

18F-FDG PET/CT联合多种肿瘤标志物在结直肠中分化腺癌术后复发及转移中的应用价值

目的 探讨¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT与肿瘤标志物(CEA、CA19-9、CA24-2)在结直肠中分化腺癌患者术后探测及提示复发和转移灶中的应用。方法 对55例结直肠中分化腺癌患者进行 ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT显像及肿瘤标志物筛查,并与病理及临床随访结果进行比较。结果 对¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT对于结直肠中分化腺癌术后复发及转移灶的诊断效能为:灵敏度95.74%(45/47),特异性75.00%(6/8),阳性预测值95.74%(45/47),阴性预测值75.00%(6/8),准确率92.73%(51/55),其中假阳性2例,假阴性2例。CEA组、CA19-9组、CA24-2组及肿瘤标记物联合组灵敏度分别为68.09%(32/47)、28.57%(12/42)、40.00%(16/40)及74.47%(35/47),特异性为50.00%(4/8)、66.67%(4/6)、71.73%(5/7)及50.00%(4/8),阳性预测值为88.89%(32/36)、85.71%(12/14)、88.89%(16/18)及89.74%(35/39),阴性预测值为26.67%(4/19)、11.42%(4/34)、17.24%(5/29)及25.00%(4/16),准确率为65.45%(36/55)、32.65%(16/49)、44.68%(21/47)及70.91%(39/55)结论 ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT对于结直肠癌术后中分化腺癌患者复发及转移灶的探测具有较高的灵敏度及特异性,各项肿瘤标志物对病灶转移及复发均有一定的提示作用,多项肿瘤标志物联合应用更准确。     

11C-乙酸盐在肺癌模型小鼠体内的生物分布和PET显像

目的 研究"C-乙酸盐(11C-AC)在荷肺腺癌小鼠体内的生物分布并PET显像,并评价"C-AC在肺部肿瘤诊断中的作用.方法 将30只荷肺腺癌T739小鼠根据不同示踪剂和注药后的时相随机分为5组(每组6只).实验组经小鼠尾静脉注入"C-AC后5、10、20、30 min分别用井型探测仪测量小鼠"C-AC的生物分布,并行PET显像.对照组小鼠在注入18F-氟代脱氧葡萄糖(18F-FDG)后60 min测量生物分布并行PET显像.结果 在"C-AC的生物分布研究中,可发现肿瘤部位有相当高的放射性摄取,肾、肝和脾亦有较高放射性摄取,而肿瘤/血、肿瘤/肌肉及肿瘤/肺的T/NT比值均大于2.应用11C-AC的肿瘤PET显像与18F-FDG一样,均非常清晰.肿瘤11C-AC标准化摄取值(SUV)为2.8±0.8,低于18F-FDG suv(5.3±1.6).结论 11C-AC可应用于肺部肿瘤的PET显像,最佳显像时间为20 min,有望成为18F-FDG显像不满意时的一个重要补充.     

Whole-body MRI including diffusion-weighted MRI compared with 5-HTP PET/CT in the detection of neuroendocrine tumors

Aim: We wanted to explore if whole-body magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) including diffusion-weighted (DW) and liver-specific contrast agent-enhanced imaging could be valuable in lesion detection of neuroendocrine tumors (NET). [11C]-5-Hydroxytryptophan positron emission tomography/computed tomography (5-HTP PET/CT) was used for comparison.

Materials and methods: Twenty-one patients with NET were investigated with whole-body MRI, including DW imaging (DWI) and contrast-enhanced imaging of the liver, and whole-body 5-HTP PET/CT. Seven additional patients underwent upper abdomen MRI including DWI, liver-specific contrast agent-enhanced imaging, and 5-HTP PET/CT.

Results: There was a patient-based concordance of 61% and a lesion-based concordance of 53% between the modalities. MRI showed good concordance with PET in detecting bone metastases but was less sensitive in detecting metastases in mediastinal lymph nodes. MRI detected more liver metastases than 5-HTP PET/CT.

Conclusion: Whole-body MRI with DWI did not detect all NET lesions found with whole-body 5-HTP PET/CT. Our findings indicate that MRI of the liver including liver-specific contrast agent-enhanced imaging and DWI could be a useful complement to whole-body 5-HTP PET/CT.     

Diagnostic performance of MDCT, PET/CT and gadoxetic acid (Primovist?)-enhanced MRI in patients with colorectal liver metastases being considered for hepatic resection: initial experience in a single centre

Purpose

To compare the relative diagnostic performance of MDCT, PET/CT and Primovist-enhanced MRI (P-MRI) in the pre-resection work-up of colorectal cancer (CRC) liver metastases.

Method and materials

This was a retrospective study of consecutive referrals for CRC liver metastases. All patients had MDCT, PET/CT and P-MRI examinations within 3?months of each other. They were divided into 2 groups: resected and unresected. Patients in the resected group underwent liver resection within 3?months of the imaging studies. In the unresected group, patients were unresectable by imaging criteria or are awaiting surgery. Standard of reference (SOR) was intra-operative ultrasound findings and pathology for the resected group. Intermodality comparison was the SOR for the unresected group. Number of lesions identified by each imaging modality for each patient was recorded. Sensitivity (95% CI) and PPV were calculated for each imaging modality in the resected group.

Results

There were 19 patients in the resected group and 11 patients in the unresected group. The sensitivity (96%) and PPV (0.91) of P-MRI were both superior to that of MDCT (P?=?0.0009) and PET/CT (P?=?0.0003). Intermodality comparison showed that P-MRI detected more lesions than MDCT and PET/CT.

Conclusion

The sensitivity and PPV of P-MRI was superior to that of MDCT and PET/CT. P-MRI probably has the most added value if used after MDCT and PET/CT in patients still considered eligible for liver resection.