供精人工授精周期妊娠率相关因素及妊娠结局分析

目的:探讨影响供精人工授精周期妊娠率的相关因素及其妊娠结局.方法:对2005年11月至2007年10月在本中心治疗的594对不孕夫妇行1088个供精人工授精(AID)治疗周期.并分析不孕妇女的年龄、授精次数、治疗周期、促排卵等因素对AID治疗妊娠率的影响,并对AID治疗后妊娠结局进行统计分析.结果:①≥36岁组的周期妊娠率18.30%,与≤25岁组(30.37%)、26～30岁组(32.99%)、31～35岁组(27.10%)比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);各年龄组自然流产率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),但有随年龄增高的趋势.②促排卵组与自然周期组行AID治疗,其周期妊娠率比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).③双次授精的周期妊娠率(34.34%)高于单次授精(20.05%)(P<0.05).④行AID治疗,不同治疗周期的周期妊娠率之间比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).结论:供精人工授精周期妊娠率与多种因素有关,其中不孕妇女的年龄是影响AID成功率的重要因素.同一周期行两次人工授精能更有效控制授精时机,有较高周期妊娠率.     

影响宫腔内人工授精临床妊娠率的相关因素分析

目的:探讨影响宫腔内人工授精(IUI)临床妊娠率的各种相关因素。方法:回顾性分析本生殖中心实施IUI治疗的2011个周期。对女方年龄、不孕年限、授精时机及次数、方案、输卵管因素与妊娠结局的关系进行分析。结果:夫精人工授精(AIH)-IUI治疗1508个周期,临床妊娠率11.74%。供精人工授精(AID)-IUI治疗503个周期,临床妊娠率27.83%。二者比较有显著差异(P<0.05)。随着女性年龄增长,不孕年限延长,IUI的妊娠率逐渐降低。单次排卵前、单次排卵后和双次授精妊娠率无统计学差异;AIH诱导排卵的妊娠率高于自然周期。原发或继发不孕、单侧或双侧输卵管通畅间,妊娠率无统计学差异。结论:IUI中女方年龄、不孕年限、精子数量和用药方案是影响妊娠的重要因素。     

供精精液参数与受精妇女妊娠结局的Logistic回归分析

目的:探讨供精精液参数与受精妇女妊娠结局的关系。方法:回顾性分析本院生殖中心实施供精人工授精(AID)治疗的1903个周期,对女方年龄、授精精液采集后冷冻保存前和冻融复苏后各项参数和同一周期授精次数与术后妊娠结局进行单因素和多因素Logistic回归分析。结果:精子采集后冷冻保存前活动率(OR=1.982,P=0.042)、精子冻融复苏后前向运动精子总数(OR=1.699,P=0.031)和同一周期授精次数(OR=2.178,P=0.010)显著影响受精妇女的妊娠几率。结论:精子采集后冷冻保存前活动率>70%、精子冻融复苏后前向运动精子总数>30×106、同一周期授精2次能提高受精妇女的妊娠几率。     

供精人工授精10690个周期妊娠结局的多因素分析

目的分析探讨多种因素对供精人工授精(AID)妊娠结局的影响。方法回顾性分析2013年1月-2015年12月期间在本中心治疗的10 690个AID周期,对女方年龄、不孕年限、治疗方案、输卵管通畅程度、子宫内膜厚度、每周期排卵数、每周期A I D授精次数、精子冻融复苏后浓度、精子冻融复苏后活动率、精子冻融复苏后前向运动精子总数与术后妊娠结局进行χ~2和多因素Logistic回归分析。结果年龄≤30岁妇女的妊娠机会是年龄35岁者的1.934倍(OR=1.934,P0.001)、年龄31~35岁妇女的妊娠机会是35岁者的1.511倍(OR=1.511,P0.001),自然周期妇女妊娠机会是促排卵周期者的1.307倍(OR=1.307,P0.001),每周期AID授精2次的妇女妊娠机会是1次组的1.486倍(OR=1.486,P=0.001),每周期AID授精3次的妇女妊娠机会是1次组的1.338倍(OR=1.338,P=0.020),每周期排卵2个的妇女妊娠机会是排1个卵组的1.362倍(OR=1.362,P=0.001),每周期排卵3个的妇女妊娠机会是排卵1个组的1.499倍(OR=1.499,P=0.004),精子冻融复苏后活动率60%的妇女妊娠机会是≤60%组的1.211倍(OR=1.211,P=0.038),精子冻融复苏后前向运动精子总数≥35×10~6的妇女妊娠机会是≤25×10~6组的1.319倍(OR=1.319,P=0.011)。结论女方年龄≤35岁、每周期排卵2~3个、每周期AID授精2~3次、精子冻融复苏后活动率60%和精子冻融复苏后前向运动精子总数≥35×10~6能提高授精妇女的妊娠几率;在患者无明显排卵障碍的情况下,应首选自然周期。     

供精人工授精结局分析及临床应用价值

目的:探讨供精人工授精(AID)成功的影响因素及临床应用价值。方法:回顾性分析在本中心实施AID的2 467对不孕夫妇共5 470个周期的临床资料,分析影响AID临床妊娠率的相关因素及妊娠结局。结果:①年龄35岁和≥35岁的临床妊娠率分别为21.49%和12.27%,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);②不孕年限≤5年和5年者比较,妊娠率有统计学差异(22.09%vs 16.45%,P0.05);③自然周期和控制性促排卵周期的临床妊娠率分别为21.92%和17.46%,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);④不同授精方式宫颈内授精(ICI)、宫腔内授精(IUI)及ICI/IUI组的临床妊娠率分别为20.61%、16.52%和18.56%,差异无统计学意义(P0.05);⑤每周期授精次数对AID的妊娠率有显著影响,1次和2次授精的成功率分别为10.64%和21.26%(P0.05);⑥注入前向运动精子总数40~60×106和60×106的妊娠率有统计学差异(19.32%vs26.07%,P0.05);⑦第1、第2、第3、第4周期的累计妊娠率分别为20.02%、33.40%、41.06%、43.70%,随着授精次数的增加,累计妊娠率显著升高(P0.05);⑧1 110例妊娠者中33例(11.98%)流产,13例(1.17%)发生宫外孕,多胎率为3.15%,出生缺陷发生率为0.67%。结论:①在AID治疗中女方年龄、不孕年限、治疗方案、授精次数及注入前向运动精子总数均是影响成功妊娠的相关因素;②AID技术安全有效,患者至少应进行3~4个周期的AID治疗,未成功者应及时求助于试管婴儿等其他辅助生殖技术。     

影响供精者人工授精成功率的因素分析

本文报告332例供精者人工授精(AID)临床结果:依靠基础体温、月经周期长短、宫颈评分确定排卵日,采用新鲜和冷冻精液交替宫颈授精技术,共授精1393周期,妊娠率43.7%,平均周期妊娠率10.40%。AID 成功率:随受精者的年龄和不育年限增长而下降;月经周期26～30天和无精子症患者的妻子较月经周期≤25天、≥40天和少精子症患者的妻子为高;与受精者痛经史及其居住地到诊所路途远近无相关关系。     

超排卵对宫腔内人工授精周期妊娠率的影响

目的分析超排卵对人工授精结局的影响，探讨超排卵对不同人群治疗的有效性。方法回顾性分析我院生殖科2000年3月-2007年12月期间女方有自发排卵的739个人工授精周期，比较不孕原因、女方年龄、有无子宫内膜异位症等因素下超排卵与自然周期妊娠率。结果739个人工授精周期中，超排卵周期233个，自然周期506个，妊娠率分别为21．6％和13．5％（P〈0.05），不孕因素中，宫颈因素为378个，男性因素为100个，盆腔输卵管因素44个，子宫内膜异位症85个，不明原因132个，其中宫颈因素和不明原因不孕周期超排卵周期妊娠率明显高于自然周期（22．40％，14．62％；27．03％，12．63％ P〈0.05）；男性因素、输卵管因素、子宫内膜异位症、女方年龄大于37岁周期，超排卵与自然周期妊娠率差异无显著性（P〉0.05）。超排卵周期中，氯米芬与促性腺素周期临床妊娠率无显著差异（P〉0.05）。结论因宫颈因素、不明原因不孕行人工授精夫妇超排卵周期妊娠率高，而男性因素、子宫内膜异位症、盆腔输卵管因素或年龄大于37岁妇女进行人工授精时慎重选择排卵诱导。     

影响供精人工授精成功率的多因素分析

目的:探讨多种因素对供精人工授精(AID)治疗效果的影响。方法:回顾性分析2004.12-2005.11期间在本中心579位妇女实施的1033个AID治疗周期,探讨AID治疗成功率与妇女年龄、输卵管治疗史、每周期AID治疗次数、AID实施周期数和授精方式的关系。结果:①35岁以上的不孕妇女AID治疗成功率明显下降(P<0.05);②有输卵管治疗史的妇女AID实施成功率低于正常妇女(P<0.05);③每周期施行2次人工授精的成功率高于单次的妇女(P<0.05);④AID实施1个直至5个周期每周期间的成功率无差异(P>0.05);⑤宫颈内和宫腔内人工授精的成功率无差异(P>0.05)。结论:不孕妇女的年龄、输卵管治疗史是影响AID治疗成功率的重要因素,同一周期进行2次宫颈内授精优于单次授精,无输卵管因素妇女的AID治疗在改用供精体外受精-胚胎移植前应至少可实施5个周期。在无宫颈因素的妇女中,同一周期2次宫颈内人工授精较宫腔内人工授精操作更简便,且成功率相似,可作为AID的首选。     

轻度子宫内膜异位症患者供精人工授精治疗方案的比较

目的:探讨轻度子宫内膜异位症患者在腹腔镜诊治术后2年内,自然周期和促排卵周期供精人工授精(AID)的妊娠结局。方法:回顾性分析303周期(168例)无排卵障碍的轻度子宫内膜异位症患者AID情况,比较在腹腔镜诊治术后2年内,自然周期(78例,195周期)与促排卵周期(90例,108周期)AID助孕后的周期妊娠率;同时比较在促排卵周期中,单卵泡排卵与多卵泡排卵的周期妊娠率。结果:在所有研究患者中,妊娠47例,其中自然周期妊娠率为16.9%(33/195),促排卵周期妊娠率为13.0%(14/108),二者比较差异无统计学意义(P=0.362)。在促排卵周期中,单卵泡排卵周期妊娠率13.5%(7/52),多卵泡排卵周期妊娠率12.5%(7/56),二者比较差异无统计学意义(P=0.882)。结论:对于排卵正常的轻度子宫内膜异位症患者,在助孕方式的选择中,可以优先选择自然周期人工授精。     

自然周期与促排卵周期供精人工授精妊娠结局的比较

目的:探讨供精人工授精(AID)应用自然周期的妊娠结局。方法:回顾性分析1 100个AID周期的临床资料,其中自然周期736个,促排卵周期364个,比较两者的妊娠率和早期流产率及多胎率。结果:①自然周期妊娠率为24.45%(180/736),与促排卵周期妊娠率为23.9%(87/364),两者比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);②自然周期早期流产率为9.4%(17/180),而促排卵周期早期流产率为19.54%(17/87),显著高于自然周期,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);③促排卵周期多胎率为13.8%(12/87)。结论:促排卵周期与自然周期供精人工授精的妊娠率相当,但其早期流产率和多胎率较自然周期明显升高。     

Pregnancy outcomes using donor sperm insemination after failed in vitro fertilization with intracytoplasmic sperm injection cycles in couples with complex infertility disorders

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate alternatives for couples with severe male factor infertility who fail to conceive with IVF-intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI). DESIGN: Outcomes of couples using artificial insemination with donor sperm (AID) after failed IVF-ICSI, assessing multiple risk factors affecting prognosis. SETTING: University infertility service. PATIENT(S): Nineteen patients with complex infertility disorders who failed IVF-ICSI and subsequently used AID (1 to 7 cycles). INTERVENTION(S): Artificial insemination with donor sperm was performed 36 hours after detection of an LH surge or hCG injection. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Pregnancy outcomes were determined. RESULT(S): Seventeen pregnancies occurred in 16 women associated with AID for a pregnancy rate per cycle of 27.9% within a mean of 3.2 +/- 18 cycles. Live birth rate per cycle was 24.6%. CONCLUSION(S): A high pregnancy rate was achieved with AID in women who failed IVF-ICSI. Given the low cost and effectiveness of AID in this series, consideration of AID is a reasonable and effective option even in couples with poor prognosis who fail to conceive with IVF-ICSI.     

影响不孕妇女IUI治疗成功率的因素分析

目的:探讨影响IUI治疗成功的各种临床因素。方法:回顾性分析260例接受IUI治疗妇女的促排卵方案、子宫内膜厚度、优势卵泡的数目和直径、IUI的时机、输卵管壶腹部的直径、输卵管伞端距宫角的距离、洗涤后精子的密度和精子的动力、IUI的周期数、AsAb与妊娠结局的关系。结果:IUI治疗结局与子宫内膜的厚度、IUI治疗的时机、输卵管壶腹部的直径、输卵管伞端距宫角的距离、洗涤后精子的密度和动力有关(P<0.01,P<0.05)。与促排卵方案、优势卵泡的数目和直径、抗精子抗体无关(P>0.05)。1-3个周期IUI治疗的妊娠率明显高于3个以上治疗周期的妊娠率(P<0.05)。结论:影响IUI结局的主要因素是:子宫内膜的厚度、IUI治疗的时机、输卵管壶腹部的直径、输卵管伞端距宫角的距离、洗涤后精子的密度和动力。延长IUI治疗的周期数,并不能提高病人的成功率。     

Success of intrauterine insemination in women aged 40-42 years

OBJECTIVE: To determine how advancing female age decreases successful outcomes of intrauterine insemination (IUI) alone or combined with ovarian stimulation. DESIGN: Retrospective review. SETTING: Academic fertility center. PATIENT(S): Infertile men and women. INTERVENTION(S): Intrauterine insemination alone or combined with ovarian stimulation. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Pregnancy rates, miscarriage rates, and live birth rates per insemination cycle according to female age. RESULT(S): The 1,117 cycles of IUI resulted in 217 pregnancies, for an overall pregnancy rate for all female ages of 19.4% and a live birth rate of 12.9% per cycle inseminated. The overall live birth rate per insemination declined with advancing maternal age. CONCLUSION(S): Advancing female age decreases successful outcomes with IUI. The live birth rate with IUI for women 40-42 years old (n = 82) was 9.8% per insemination and may demonstrate that IUI is an appropriate treatment for this age group of women.     

Predictors of success with the use of donor sperm

OBJECTIVE: This study was undertaken to assess the effect of multiple factors that influence the success rate and time to conception among couples undergoing donor sperm insemination. STUDY DESIGN: A retrospective analysis of 960 cycles of frozen donor sperm insemination was performed at the University of Florida. Cycle pregnancy rates and cumulative probability of pregnancy were compared using several variables. RESULTS: The pregnancy rate was 12.1% per treatment cycle, and the cumulative probability of pregnancy exceeded 80% for the entire cohort. Seventy percent of pregnancies resulted in a liveborn infant. Age had a profound impact on the cycle pregnancy rate. The cycle pregnancy rates for women younger than 30 years, between the ages of 30 and 35 years, between the ages of 35 and 40 years, and older than 40 years were 15.8%, 14.6%, 8.2%, and 0%, respectively. There was a trend toward higher cycle pregnancy rates in women with prior pregnancies versus women without prior pregnancies of 14.4% and 12.3%, respectively. Parity had no effect on the cycle pregnancy rate or the cumulative probability of pregnancy. There was a trend toward higher cumulative probability of pregnancy in women whose partners were azoospermic versus oligospermic. There was no difference in pregnancy rates obtained with the Percoll wash gradient versus the Isolate gradient. At >20 million total motile sperm per insemination, there was no threshold above which the pregnancy rate was improved. CONCLUSION: The most significant influence on pregnancy rates in the donor sperm insemination program at the University of Florida was maternal age. Nulligravidity and a diagnosis of mild oligospermia in the man may have a negative impact on pregnancy rates.     

One versus two inseminations per cycle in intrauterine insemination with sperm from patients' husbands: a systematic review of the literature

OBJECTIVE: To study the efficacy of performing two inseminations per cycle in IUI with husband's sperm compared with one insemination per cycle. DESIGN: Meta-analysis. SETTING: Randomized and prospective trials comparing two inseminations vs. one insemination per cycle in IUI with husband's sperm, retrieved by MEDLINE and Cochrane Library searches (1966-2001) and a manual search of the abstracts of the European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology and American Society for Reproductive Medicine annual meetings (1990-2001). PATIENT(S): A total of 865 patients underwent 1156 cycles of IUI with husband's sperm. INTERVENTION(S): After different ovarian stimulation protocols, one or two inseminations were performed. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Pregnancy rate per cycle. Detected studies were tested for homogeneity. Because heterogeneity was observed, DerSimonian-Laird relative risk with alleatory effects was used. RESULT(S): Six randomized and prospective trials involving 865 patients and 1156 cycles were identified. There was remarkable heterogeneity among the different studies concerning methodology, especially regarding ovarian cycle management and the timing of inseminations. Although the pregnancy rate per cycle was somewhat higher in the two-inseminations-per-cycle group (14.9% vs. 11.4%), there were no statistically significant differences (relative risk = 1.34; 95% confidence interval 0.90-1.99). CONCLUSION(S): No significant differences were observed when two inseminations per cycle were performed, compared with one insemination. There was great heterogeneity concerning ovarian management and insemination timing. This heterogeneity hampered the analysis. We detected a better pregnancy rate with two inseminations vs. one insemination when clomiphene citrate with or without gonadotropins and 5000 IU of hCG were used. More studies are necessary to ascertain whether this is true or merely an artifact from the multiple subgroups analysis.     

腹腔镜诊治术在供精人工授精中的应用

目的:探讨腹腔镜诊治术在供精人工授精(AID)中的应用价值。方法:回顾性分析148例应用腹腔镜诊治术的AID患者,分析盆腔病变情况及术后妊娠结局。结果:行腹腔镜诊治术的148例供精人工授精患者中,142例(95.95%)患有盆腔疾病,6例(4.05%)为正常盆腔。在盆腔病变者中,子宫内膜异位症(EMs)居首位,占58.45%;多囊卵巢和盆腔炎次之,分别占41.55%和40.14%,输卵管系膜囊肿占最少,占27.46%,两两比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。148例患者腹腔镜诊治术后共行AID治疗401个周期,妊娠81例,周期妊娠率为20.45%。EMs、多囊卵巢和输卵管系膜囊肿腹腔镜术后的妊娠率较高;而盆腔炎和盆腔炎合并其他病因的妊娠率较低。结论:在AID治疗中,如术前检查提示盆腔病变或连续AID治疗3个周期未妊娠者,应用腹腔镜诊治术可以明确盆腔病因并获得相应的手术治疗,提高妊娠率。