浙江省三级甲等医院护士在疫情下的灾害准备度现状及影响因素分析

目的了解护士在新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情下的灾害准备度水平及影响因素。方法采用便利抽样法,使用护士灾害准备度量表,对浙江省杭州地区5家三级甲等医院护士开展问卷调查。结果回收有效问卷1999份,护士灾害准备度得分为(179.87±36.76)分,处于中等水平。多元线性回归分析结果显示:护士工作年限、工作科室、灾害知识培训、灾害技能培训、既往救灾经历、院内急救团队成员、抗疫救灾经历及意愿对护士灾害准备度影响有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情下浙江省三级甲等医院护士灾害准备度处于中等水平,受护士工作年限、工作科室、灾害知识培训、灾害技能培训、既往救灾经历、院内急救团队成员、抗疫救灾心理意愿等影响。     

某地区护士灾害准备度现状及影响因素

目的了解某地区临床护士灾害准备度现状,分析其影响因素,为提高临床护士灾害准备度提供参考依据。方法采用便利抽样法,使用护士灾害准备度调查问卷,于2018年8月以网络问卷的方式抽取某市4所三甲医院的临床护士250名进行调查。结果该地区临床护士灾害准备度平均分(198.37±36.48)分,处于中等水平,量表3个维度得分由高到低依次是:灾害技能、灾害知识和灾害管理;护士的年龄、救灾经历和灾害培训是灾害准备度的影响因素。结论该地区临床护士灾害准备度仍有提升空间,应将灾害护理教育的相关理论知识与培训演练相结合以提高临床护士灾害准备度。     

灾害救援护理备灾体系的构建与管理

目的：探讨培养和储备“一人多能”、“多能一专”、“多学科交叉专病护理”的突发性公共事件紧急医疗救援备灾护士的管理实践。方法从全院考核择优选拔出12名骨干护士,分别在急诊科、ICU、手术室、产科、血液净化中心等进行院内培训、优先参加院外进修学习,重点掌握相关专业急救知识和技能。结果护理备灾体系的建立促进科研教学水平;备灾护士在突发性公共事件的抢救护理中作用地位凸显;备灾护士的急救理论成绩由培训前的平均78.50分上升到90.60分、急救技能则由84.35分提高到94.56分,综合业务素质明显提高,得到医生、同事及社会一致认可。结论构建护理备灾体系对全面提升护士灾害救护能力有重要意义,是体现护理学在救援医学中地位和作用的路径之一。     

Pilot training program for developing disaster nursing competencies among undergraduate students in China

As nurses constitute the largest group of health-care providers, their readiness to respond to disasters and to participate in preparedness and disaster recovery activities will be significant for making a community more resilient against disaster. Concern is raised regarding how to build the capacity of all nurses with a knowledge base and a minimum set of skills in responding to various disasters. Drawing on the ICN Framework of Disaster Nursing Competencies and Global Standards for the Initial Education of Professional Nurses and Midwives, a training program entitled "Introduction to Disaster Nursing" was developed. Four teaching methods including action learning, problem-based learning, skill training, and lecture were used to orchestrate a series of planned activities for helping students develop the required disaster nursing competencies in a 2-week intensive training program held in Sichuan China in July 2009. The pre- and post-tests which were given to assess the students' perceived level of competencies demonstrated a significant gain in relevant knowledge and skills constituting the required competencies upon completion of the program. In the program evaluation, most students indicated their willingness and capability in disaster relief work under supervision, and they were keen to advance their competencies in the field of disaster nursing.     

Preparing nurses for future disasters—The Sichuan experience

Catastrophic disasters occur infrequently. Large numbers of health professionals are required to respond and many will have neither the experience nor training to provide effective care. Nurses are often the first on the scene and the first to instigate care to those in need. The aftermath of such disasters provides an opportunity for reflection. Responders are reminded of the pain and suffering they witnessed and, in many cases, experienced. There is also the opportunity to learn from these experiences with the potential to enhance our ability to respond to similar events in the future.This article describes the development and subsequent pilot testing of a short training program developed and delivered to 50 senior nurses who were involved in the earthquake in the Sichuan Province, China, in May 2008. The experiences and knowledge gained following the Sichuan earthquake, and shared by all during the course, have been used to inform current training programmes in emergency and disaster preparedness for nurses. These courses are now being delivered in China and other countries. Key issues that will be explored in the paper include; course design, content and delivery, and consideration of the well being of participants who have been responders in the recent disaster. The lessons learned from this course will add to the growing literature on the preparation of nurses for emergency or disaster situations which is essential to ensure quality care for future disaster victims.     

Disaster and emergency management: Canadian nurses' perceptions of preparedness on hospital front lines

INTRODUCTION: Three years following the global outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), a national, Web-based survey of Canadian nurses was conducted to assess perceptions of preparedness for disasters and access to support mechanisms, particularly for nurses in emergency and critical care units. HYPOTHESES: The following hypotheses were tested: (1) nurses' sense of preparedness for infectious disease outbreaks and naturally occurring disasters will be higher than for chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear (CBRN)-type disasters associated with terrorist attacks; (2) perceptions of preparedness will vary according to previous outbreak experience; and (3) perceptions of personal preparedness will be related to perceived institutional preparedness. METHODS: Nurses from emergency departments and intensive care units across Canada were recruited via flyer mailouts and e-mail notices to complete a 30-minute online survey. RESULTS: A total of 1,543 nurses completed the survey (90% female; 10% male). The results indicate that nurses feel unprepared to respond to large-scale disasters/attacks. The sense of preparedness varied according to the outbreak/disaster scenario with nurses feeling least prepared to respond to a CBRN event. A variety of socio-demographic factors, notably gender, previous outbreak experience (particularly with SARS), full-time vs. part-time job status, and region of employment also were related to perceptions of risk. Approximately 40% of respondents were unaware if their hospital had an emergency plan for a large-scale outbreak. Nurses reported inadequate access to resources to support disaster response capacity and expressed a low degree of confidence in the preparedness of Canadian healthcare institutions for future outbreaks. CONCLUSIONS: Canadian nurses have indicated that considerably more training and information are needed to enhance preparedness for frontline healthcare workers as important members of the response community.     

上海市三甲综合医院急诊护士灾害准备度现状调查研究

目的 探讨上海市三甲综合医院急诊护士灾害准备度现状,分析其影响因素。 方法 在上海市三甲15家综合医院选取425名急诊护士,采取目的抽样方法,于2019年9月至2020年1月运用微信二维码方式网络调查进行研究。 结果 上海市三甲综合医院急诊护士灾害准备度得分处于中等水平,得分最低的维度是灾后管理能力,其中影响灾害知识得分的因素有年龄、最高学历、有无参与灾害课程培训,影响灾害技术得分的因素有工作年限、有无参与灾害课程培训、学历,影响灾后管理得分的因素有：年龄、职称、最高学历和有无灾害救援经验（P<0.05）。 结论 根据上海市三甲综合医院急诊护士灾害准备度得分情况,应针对各类不同灾害如传染病、多发伤、火灾、地震等制定多样化的培训方案,加强灾后管理能力培训,为不同灾害做好人力储备。     

上海市注册护士灾难准备度的调查研究

目的 调查上海市注册护士灾难准备度现状，分析其影响因素。方法 采用系统抽样的方法，运用二维码手机答题的方式收集上海市18家不同等级医院护士的灾难准备度资料。 结果 回收有效问卷892分，护士灾难准备度处于中等水平，医院级别、工作年限、是否参加过灾难培训是上海市护士灾难准备度的影响因素。护士对自身灾难中的角色、区域性灾难资源、生化灾难的相关知识需求度较大。 结论 上海市注册护士灾难准备度有待提高，急需统一并明确不同级别医院护士救灾时的角色，共享资源，完善培训体系，以提高护士的灾难准备度水平。     

A disaster preparedness and response project in Afghanistan: participants' perceptions

Title. A disaster preparedness and response project in Afghanistan: participants' perceptions. Aim. This paper is a report of a study to describe Emergency Mobile Unit team members’ and healthcare professionals’ perceptions of a disaster preparedness and response project and to explore the elements of participation that could support its sustainability. Background. Many developing countries have limited preparedness for disaster response. There is a need to better understand the role of national and local participation, and their interplay. We also need to consider the moderation and eventual planned withdrawal of international humanitarian organizations’ support. Afghanistan is one example of a country in postdisaster development where the opportunity arose for an in‐depth study of disaster preparedness and response. Method. Data were collected in Finland and Afghanistan in 2004 using an ethnographic approach, with seven thematic interviews (n = 8) and two focus groups (n = 7). The participants were Afghan healthcare professionals and expatriates who had facilitated Emergency Mobile Unit training. Findings. Constraints in the project arose from uncoordinated implementation and poor job satisfaction, in addition to intrinsic characteristics of the situation. A second theme to emerge was that participation was a positive response to health emergencies. Thirdly, a need for further development and overall support for Emergency Mobile Units was clearly evident. Conclusion. Improved coordination and measures to increase job satisfaction for national aid workers are needed, and a more positive knowledge‐based response system and continued overall support for emergency mobile teams. Involving disaster‐affected people and the local community, especially women, in health development projects will help to ensure both success and sustainability.     

Disaster preparedness among Hong Kong nurses

Title.  Disaster preparedness among Hong Kong nurses
Aim.  This paper is a report of a survey to explore Hong Kong nurses' disaster preparedness.
Background.  Increasingly frequent global disasters are posing threats to human health and life. The World Health Organization has called for countries to have detailed plans at all levels in order to be prepared for disasters that may arise.
Method.  A questionnaire was distributed to convenience samples of practising Registered Nurses studying in Master's degree programmes at a Hong Kong university in 2007.
Results.  Of a possible 174, 164 questionnaires were returned (Response rate 94%). Almost all nurses (97·6%) considered the government health department to be the organization most involved in disastrous situations. The majority (84·8%) were aware of the existence of a protocol on disaster management at their workplace. About one-third would respond in accordance with protocol (38·4%) or rely on directions from their immediate supervisors (34·8%) if a disaster occurred. Almost all the nurses (97%) considered themselves not adequately prepared for disasters. They recognized that a protocol for disaster management (85·4%) and training and drills for disasters (both 84·1%) are useful tools.
Conclusion.  Nurses in Hong Kong are not adequately prepared for disasters, but are aware of the need for such preparation. Disaster management training should be included in the basic education of nurses.     

Disaster preparedness and response: Challenges for Australian public health nurses – A literature review

To date, Australia has not had to respond to a nationwide catastrophic event. However, over the past decade, heat waves, bushfires, cyclones, and floods have significantly challenged Australia's disaster preparedness and the surge capacity of local and regional health systems. Given that disaster events are predicted to increase in impact and frequency, the health workforce needs to be prepared for and able to respond effectively to a disaster. To be effective, nurses must be clear regarding their role in a disaster and be able to articulate the value and relevance of this role to communities and the professionals they work with. Since almost all disasters will exert some impact on public health, it is expedient to prepare the public health nursing workforce within Australia. This paper highlights issues currently facing disaster nursing and focuses on the challenges for Australian public health nurses responding to and preparing for disasters within Australia. The paper specifically addresses public health nurses' awareness regarding their roles in disaster preparation and response, given their unique skills and central position in public health.     

Chinese nurses' experience in the Wenchuan earthquake relief

YANG Y.‐N., XIAO L.D., CHENG H.‐Y., ZHU J.‐C. & ARBON P. (2010) Chinese nurses' experience in the Wenchuan earthquake relief. International Nursing Review 57 , 217–223 Aim: The purpose of this qualitative study is to provide an understanding of how Chinese nurses acted in response to the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake. Background: The literature has reported that Chinese nurses played a key role in the Wenchuan earthquake. Although these nurses' intentions were well meaning, and they made enormous efforts to save lives, they considered that disaster relief practice was beyond the scope of normal daily nursing practice and found the challenges they confronted overwhelming. China is a country prone to both natural and man‐made disasters that demand a good deal of preparedness for those involved in disaster nursing. However, few studies have been conducted to investigate the knowledge, skill, experience and attitudes required for nurses responding to disasters. Methods: Gadamer's philosophical hermeneutics was used as a framework to underpin and interpret the qualitative accounts of the practice of the ten registered nurses in this study. Findings: Three themes were identified from semi‐structured interviews with the participants. These are described as (1) feeling under‐prepared; (2) perceived challenges and coping strategies; and (3) the rediscovery of the helping and caring role. By analysing these nurses' experiences in the Wenchuan earthquake relief operation, this study has identified the numerous roles and attributes required of nurses in response to disasters. Conclusion: Without education and training in disaster nursing, nurses may not be prepared to function in disaster relief, especially in a manner that is productive, efficient, collaborative and less stressful. Findings suggest that a systematic, educational approach to develop the skills required in disaster nursing is essential.     

Jordanian nurses' perceptions of their preparedness for disaster management

AimTo assess Jordanian RNs’ perceptions regarding their knowledge, skills, and preparedness for disaster management.BackgroundCurrent disaster knowledge, skills, and preparedness levels need to be evaluated to guide plans for effective educational programs. There is also a need to know where RNs received their knowledge, skills, and preparation, to enhance or improve future educational opportunities.MethodsCross-sectional survey where the Disaster Preparedness Evaluation Tool (DPET®) was distributed to Jordanian RNs who work in three randomly selected Ministry of Health hospitals and two university hospitals.ResultsFour hundred and seventy-four participants completed the survey. Sixty-five per cent of respondents described their current disaster preparedness as weak: 18% medium: 12% good; and 5% felt their preparation was very good. Thirty-one per cent received disaster education in undergraduate programs; 8% in graduate nursing programs; 31% in facility drills, and 22% in continuing education courses. Eleven per cent had participated in a real disaster. Four hundred and thirty RNs wanted to learn more about RNs role in disasters, including knowledge and skills.ConclusionKnowledge, skills, and disaster preparedness need continual reinforcement to improve self efficacy for disaster management.RecommendationsThere is a need for a consistent national nursing curriculum for disaster preparedness and nationwide drills to increase disaster knowledge, skills, preparedness, and confidence.     

军队医院文职护士灾难救援能力的现状

目的了解某军队医院文职护士的灾难救援能力现状,为文职护士灾难救援能力培训提供科学依据。方法采用自行设计的军队文职护士灾难救援能力现状调查表,通过方便抽样对某军队2所三甲医院35名文职护士进行调查。结果军队文职护士执行灾难救援任务意愿较强,在灾难护理知识掌握上,对灾难护理概念、五大急救技术(即心肺复苏、止血、包扎、固定和转运)掌握较好,但是对三防医学救援知识、野外生存技能和伤情评估相关知识掌握欠佳。结论军队医院文职护士的灾难救护能力亟需全面提高,在平时战备训练中尤其应加强军事医学知识和野外生存能力的训练,以适应各种灾难救援的需要。     

Directions for disaster nursing education in the United States

Because of their diverse education, experience, and practice settings, nurses are uniquely qualified to be first receivers, care givers, and leaders in any large-scale public health emergency. Many nurses, however, continue to feel inadequately prepared to function effectively in these types of situations. Great strides have been made since 2001, but much work remains to be accomplished. This article focuses on newer approaches used to teach nurses the principles of disaster preparedness. It also addresses the need to incorporate mass casualty care and disaster management skills into undergraduate curricula, continuing nurse education, and advanced degree programs for nurses in the United States.     

Disaster preparedness among nurses: a systematic review of literature

Aim

This review explored peer‐reviewed publications that measure nurses’ preparedness for disaster response.

Background

The increasing frequency of disasters worldwide necessitates nurses to adequately prepare to respond to disasters to mitigate the negative consequences of the event on the affected population. Despite growing initiatives to prepare nurses for any disasters, evidence suggests they are under prepared for disaster response.

Methods

This is a systematic review of scientific articles conducted from 2006 to 2016 on nurses’ preparedness for disasters. SCOPUS, MEDLINE, PubMed, CINAHL and PsychINFO were the primary databases utilized for search of literature. Keywords used in this review were as follows: ‘emergency’, ‘disaster’, ‘disaster preparedness’, ‘disaster competencies’, ‘disaster nursing’, ‘disaster role’ and ‘nurse’. Seventeen (17) articles were selected for this review.

Findings

Factors that increase preparedness for disaster response include previous disaster response experience and disaster‐related training. However, it is widely reported that nurses are insufficiently prepared and do not feel confident responding effectively to disasters.

Conclusion

The findings of this review contribute to a growing body of knowledge regarding disaster preparedness in nurses and have implications for academia, hospital administration and nursing educators. The findings of this review provide evidence that could be used by nurse educators and nurse administrators to better prepare nurses for disaster response.

Implications for nursing and health policy

The findings from this review place an emphasis on hospitals to implement policies to address lack of preparedness among their employees. Furthermore, this review highlights the benefit of further research and provision of well‐grounded disaster exercises that mimic actual events to enhance the preparedness of the nursing workforce.     

Disaster preparedness: an indictment for action by nursing educators

America is under constant threat of terrorist attack. The events of September 11, 2001, demonstrate the reality of the threat, as does the magnitude of the impact the attacks had on the healthcare systems of New York City and Washington, DC. Healthcare facilities and continuing education programs should incorporate training in nuclear, biological, and chemical disaster preparedness to provide the essential foundations for safe and effective health care. Advance training in disaster preparedness provides nurses with valuable training to fill the nationwide need for prepared first responders. American nurses have always responded selflessly to help in times of disaster and the country will be looking to nurses to respond to any future disasters.