江苏省环境氡及其子体浓度与所致居民内照射剂量估算

本文报道了江苏省室内、外空气中氡及其子体旅度水平与所致居民内照射剂量的估算结果。全省室内外氡及其子体α潜能浓度近似服从对数正态分布。室内外样品氡浓度的几何均值分别为13Bq·m^-3和9.9Bq·m^-3, 氧子体α潜能浓度的几何均值分别是3.4×10^-8J·m^-3和2.4×10^-8J·M^-3, 平衡因子F为0.42和0.49。因吸入氡子体所致居民人均年有效剂量当量为0.64mSv。     

我国天然环境电离辐射外照射剂量的调查与评价

本文介绍了我国天然辐射外照射水平及其所致的居民剂量。测量仪器是国产FD-7l型闪烁辐射仪和美制RSS-111型高压电离室。室外调查点共38611个, 室内点共53952个,道路共37727个。相应的天然γ辐射水平人口加权平均值分别为8.03×10^-3Gyh^-1、11.95×10^-3Gyh^-1和7.95×10^-3膏Gyh^-1室外宇宙射线电离成分空气吸收剂量率人口加权平均值为3.30×10^-3Gyh^-1,室内为3.00×10^-3Gyh^-1.天然外照射所致居民人均年有效剂量当量为952μsv,集体年有效剂量当量为9.6×10^-3man·sv,天然γ辐射对有效剂量当量的贡献占72%,宇宙射线电离成分占28%。     

深圳特区及大亚湾核电站周围环境外照射水平及居民剂量评价

用RSS-111型高压电离室.FD-71型闪烁辐射仪和TLD测量了深圳特区及大亚湾核电站周围环境中曲γ辐射本底水平并估算了居民受照剂量.结果表明:深圳特区室外γ辐射平均空气吸收剂量率为:12.9×10^-8Gy·h^-1,室内γ辐射平均空气吸收剂量事为14.5×10^-8Gy·h^-1;大亚湾核电站周围环境室外γ辐射平均吸收剂量率为:14.4×10^-8Gy·h^-1.深圳特区天然本底辐射所致人均有效剂量当量和年集体有效剂量当量分别为1095μSv和219man·sV.     

甘肃省食品和饮用水的天然放射性含量及对居民所致内照射剂量估算

本文报道了甘肃省16种主要食品及5种饮用水中的天然U、Th、²²⁶Ra、⁴⁰K含量的测定结果,并由此估算了全省居民经食入这些核素所致剂量。结果表明:全省居民人均摄入天然放射性核素的年摄入量为1.95×10^-2Bq;经食入²³⁴U、²³⁸U²³²Th、²²⁶Ra天然放射性所致年有效剂量当量为2.47×10^-5Sv。     

安徽省环境中氡浓度水平及对居民受照剂量的研究

本文报道了安徽省1719个调查点室内、外氡浓度,其浓度额频度服从对数正态分布,室内氡浓度均值为16.2Bq·m^-3,室外氡浓度均值为9.9Bq·m^-3,碳化砖住宅内氡浓度较高,均值为89.2Bq·m^-3．全省居民受室内,外氡及子件照射的人均年有效剂量当量为1.25mSv,集体年有效剂量当量为7.02×10⁴man·Sv·a^-1。     

河南省环境天然电离辐射源所致公众剂量

本文作者根据我省环境贯穿辐射, 空气中氡浓度.食品和饮水中天然放射性核素台量的测定结果, 对全省公众所受天然电离辐射剂量进行了估算.结果表明。字宙线为303μSv·a^-1, 地球Y辐射577μSv·a^-1, 氧氲子体1057μSv·a^-1。天然放射性核素355μSv·a^-1, 总计全省人均有效剂量当量为229μSv·a^-1, 集体年有效剂量当量为1.7×10⁵man·Sv。     

中国环境天然贯穿辐射水平与评价

本文报告了我国天然贯穿辐射累积剂量调查结果。调查所用环境剂量计为国产ETLD一80型热释光环境剂量计。调查结果表明,我国室外地球γ 辐射空气吸收剂量率人口加权平均值为6.7×10^-8Gy·h^-1,室内为3.9×10^-8Gy、h^-1,室外宇宙辐射电离成分宅气吸收剂量率人口托权均值为3.3×10^-8Gy·h^-1室内为2.9×10^-8Gy·h^-1.地球γ 辐射所致居民人均年有效剂量当量为519μSv; 宇宙辐射电离成分所致居民人均年有效剂量当量为26lμSv.     

福建地区空气中氡及其子体浓度与剂量评价

采用双滤膜法和快速潜能测定法测定了福建省住宅室内、室外以及地下人防洞内空气中氧及其子体浓度.调查结果分析表明,氡及其子体浓度分布,近似服从于对数正态.福建省室内、室外空气中氡浓度几何均值分别为51.8Bq·M^-3与始48.7Bq·M^-3,氡子体a潜能浓度几何均值分刖为13.5×10^-8J·M^-3与11.0×10^-3·M^-3;平衡因子均值分别为0.49与0.53.全省90%住宅内平衡当量氡浓度在75Bq·M^-3以下,在100Bq·M^-3.以上的占3.0‰人防洞内氡子体.潜能浓度变化范周在6.74～840×10^-8J·m.福州地区大部分人防洞内平衡当量氡浓度在200Bq·m^-3以上.全省室内外氡水平地理分布可划为五个区.内地高于沿海,最高水平区域在西南部(即第五区),氡子体a潜能浓度几何均值达54.1×10^-8J·M^-3.全省居民受到室内外氡子体年均暴露量为0.36WLM,所致公众年均有效剂量当量为2.30mSv.     

我国食品放射性含量及其所致居民内照射剂量估算

为获得我食品和膳食中放放射性核素含量并为制定?食品中放射性物质限制浓度标准?提供依据,在1982～1086年问由30个辐射防护单位协作,测定了我过14类(27种)特定食品种22种放射性核素浓度.按我国三种主要膳食食类型．从14个正常本底辐射的省或自治区及三个非正常地区采集样品进行分析测定.估算了这些地区居氏15种放射往核素的年摄人最及所致待积剂量毒量.我国正常本底辐射地区成年男子对这15种核索年总摄入量约为4．2×10⁴Bq,所致总待积剂量当量约为0．43×10⁴Sv.在两个天然放射性较高地区天然放射性核素的年摄入量和所致待积剂量当量比正常本底辐射地区高得多,而在该核工厂周围地区采集的食未明显放射性污染.文章还讨论了各类食品或放射性核素对总待积剂量当量的相对贡献.     

秦山核电站运行前周围环境放射性调查和居民所受剂量估算

本文调查了1983～1988年秦山核电站周围5km、20km, 80km范围内天然辐射外照射水平,20km范围内的土壤、食品和水中总β、⁹⁰Sr,¹³⁷Cs活度.估算了当地居民所受的外照射剂量和因食入⁹⁰Sr、¹³⁷Cs造成的内剂量.结果表明:5km,20km和80km的天然辐射外照射剂量相近，其人均年有效剂量当量1.0mSv,由食品所致居民⁹⁰Sr和¹³⁷Cs的年有效剂量当量分别为0.62μSv.a^-1和0.19μSv.a^-1,其结果与浙江省全省环境调查结果基本一致.     

Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - validation of a Swedish version

The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) is a self-administered instrument measuring outcome after knee injury at impairment, disability, and handicap level in five subscales. Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of a Swedish version was assessed in 142 patients who underwent arthroscopy because of injury to the menisci, anterior cruciate ligament, or cartilage of the knee. The clinimetric properties were found to be good and comparable to the American version of the KOOS. Comparison to the Short Form-36 and the Lysholm knee scoring scale revealed expected correlations and construct validity. Item by item, symptoms and functional limitations were compared between diagnostic groups. High responsiveness was found three months after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy for all subscales but Activities of Daily Living.     

Endovascular management of carotid-cavernous fistulas

Objective To investigate endovascular treatment of traumatic direct carotid-cavernous fistulas （CCF） and their complications such as pseudoaneurysms. Methods： Over a five-year period, 22 patients with traumatic direct CCFs were treated endovascularly in our institution. Thirteen patients were treated once with the result of CCF occluded, 8 twice and 1 three times. Treatment modalities included balloon occlusion of the CCF, sacrifice of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery with detachable balloon, coll embolization of the cavernous sinus and secondary pseudoaneurysms, and covered-stem management of the pseudoaneurysms. Results All the direct CCFs were successfully managed endovascularly. Four patients developed a pseudoaneurysm after the occlusion of the CCF with an incidence of pseudoaneurysm formation of 18.2% （4/22）. A total number of 8 patients experienced permanent occlusion of the ICA with a rate of ICA occlusion reaching 36.4% （8/22）. Followed up through telephone consultation from 6 months to 5 years, all did well with no recurrence of CCF symptoms and signs. Conclusion Traumatic direct CCFs can be successfully managed with endovascular means. The pseudoaneurysms secondary to the occlusion of the CCFs can be occluded with stent-assisted coiling and implantation of covered stents.     

The acutely limping child

Acute limping may be the result of multiple pathologies in children. The differential diagnosis varies based on the age of the child. Irrespective of age, the initial imaging work-up includes AP and frog leg radiographs of the pelvis and ultrasound; MRI may sometimes be helpful. In children less than 3 years, infections and trauma are most frequent. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when osteomyelitis is clinically suspected. Between the ages of 3 and 10 years, transient synovitis of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are main considerations but infection, inflammation and focal bony lesions are also considered. In children over 10 years, slipped capital femoral epiphysis also is considered.     

The role of interventional radiology in trauma

Introduction Interventional Radiology has evolved into a specialty having enormous input into the care of the traumatized patient.In all hospitals,regardless of size,the Interventional Radiologist must consider their relationships with the trauma service in order to     

人体中的镭-226、镭-228、钋-210、铅-210

本文报道了广东阳江高本底地区6名、对照地区8名人尸体的骨²²⁶Ra、²²⁶Ra的浓度以及部分居民内脏器官中。²¹⁰Po、²¹⁰Pb的浓度。结果轰明阳江高本底地区和对照地区居民骨镭-226、镭-228的浓度分别为29.9pCi/kg, 26.9pCi/kgl 8.7pCi/kg, 8.2pCi/kg.由此估算出阳江高本底地区屠民骨中²²⁶Ra、²²⁸Ra的负薄璧及对骨衬、骨髓所产生的剂量当量分别为对照地区民民的3.4倍, 3.3倍。两地区居民内脏器官中^{210Po、210Pb的测定分析铡数较少但仍看出, 高本底地区均明显高于对照地区.}     

Do Balance Board Training Programs Reduce the Risk of Ankle Sprains in Athletes?

Introduction Ankle sprains are the most common musculo-skeletal injury that occurs in athletes,particularly in sports that require jumping and landing on one foot such as soccer,and basketball(1-4).These injuries often result in significant time loss from participation,long-term disability,and have a major impact on health care costs and resources(5-8).