酪酸梭菌(CGMCC No.0313-1)对小鼠免疫功能的影响

酪酸梭菌（CGMCC No．0313．1）是人体肠道内暂住的细菌，能与双歧杆菌、乳酸杆菌等肠内有益菌共生，并促进其增殖和发育，抑制有害菌和腐败菌的生长和增殖，改善肠道微环境。目前，酪酸梭菌对免疫系统功能的影响研究较少。本实验用氢化可的松造成免疫功能低下小鼠漠型，观察了酪酸梭菌对免疫功能低下小鼠非特异性和特异性免疫功能的影响。     

介绍一种制备特异性TF和特异性iRNA的方法

以乙肝疫苗、人喉癌细胞膜抗原为抗原，猪脾细胞为效应细胞，经体外免疫后收集应答细胞，制备ＰＳＨＢＶ－ＴＦ ＰＳＡＣ－ｉＲＮＡ。通过抗原特异性细胞免疫功能试验证实，ＰＳＨＢＶ－ＴＦ和ＰＳＡＣ－ｉＲＮＡ都能转移特异性细胞免疫功能。采用体外免疫法制备ＰＳＨＢＶ－ＴＦ和ＰＳＡＣ－ｉＲＮＡ是可行的，并且具有诸多优点。     

不同免疫途径对chitosan-DNA疫苗诱导CVB3特异性免疫应答的影响及其意义

目的：确定新型chitosan-DNA疫苗的有效免疫途径。方法：将chitosan-pcDN3-VPI疫分别苗以肌注、口服、滴鼻3种免疫方式免疫Balb/c小鼠；以ELISA检测免疫小鼠血清中IgG、IgM、、IgA，评估其特异性体液免疫应答；以特异性淋巴细胞增殖反应和CTL活性反映其诱导细胞免疫；以5LD50致死剂量CVB3攻击免疫小鼠，评价不同免疫途径的免疫保护效果。结果：①在诱导CVB3特异性体液免疫方面：chitosan-pcDNA3-VPI疫苗肌注组诱生了高水平IgM和IgG，但未能诱生黏膜IgA；口服免疫组仅诱生低水平的黏膜IgA，未能诱生特异性IgM和IgG；滴鼻组可诱生低水平的I埘及高水平的IgG和黏膜IgA。②在诱导CVB3特异性细胞免疫方面：仅滴鼻组诱导了较高水平的淋巴细胞特异性增殖反应和CTL活性；口服组的淋巴细胞增殖活性和CTL活性稍弱；肌注组几乎不能诱导特异性细胞免疫应答。③免疫保护作用：滴鼻组可保护33．3％小鼠长期存活；口服组仅达到16．7％的保护率；肌注组无保护作用。结论：滴鼻免疫途径可能是chitosan-pcDNA3-VPI基因疫苗最合适的诱导全面免疫应答的免疫途径。     

保元丹对小鼠免疫功能的实验研究

目的 了解保元丹对机体免疫功能的影响。方法 采用Balb/c健康雌性小鼠为实验动物模型,检测了保元丹对淋巴细胞转化值,半数溶血值,抗体生成细胞数,迟发性变态反应以及NK细胞活性的影响。结果 与对照组相比,保元丹高剂量组能显著提高小鼠血清溶血素半数溶血值(P<0.05)。中高剂量能显著提高小鼠淋巴细胞转化值和迟发性变态反应(P<0.05)。低中高3个剂量都能显著提高抗体生成细胞数和NK细胞活性(P<0.01)。结论 保元丹既能增强特异性免疫又能增强非特异性免疫,表明保元丹具有提高机体免疫功能的作用。     

中药本草九代对小鼠血清生理学活性及T,B细胞增殖,分化的影响

小鼠腹腔注射本草九代后，血清补体溶血活性增强，溶血效价由１／８升高到１／３２；血清对免疫复合物形成的抑制作用增强，抑制率由１９．３％上升到４２．３％；血清对免疫复合物的溶解能力增强，溶解率由９．１％上升到２５．１％。此外，本草九代还能增强小鼠免疫功能，实验组小鼠Ｔ淋巴细胞转化率和抗体形成细胞数，分别是对照组小鼠的２．４５倍和２．２４倍。     

不同剂量加味保元汤对束缚应激小鼠非特异性免疫功能的影响

目的 :研究不同剂量加味保元汤对束缚应激小鼠非特异性免疫功能的影响。方法 :80只小鼠随机等分为加味保元汤 5g/kg体重、 10g/kg体重、15g/kg体重和应激组 ,用巨噬细胞体内吞噬法 ,测其吞噬率及吞噬指数。结果 :吞噬指数 :10g/kg体重组明显高于 15g/kg体重组 (P <0 0 5 ) ,10g/kg体重组与 5g/kg体重组比较虽P >0 0 5 ,但均值高于 5g/kg体重组 ;吞噬率 :10g/kg体重组最高。结论 :10g/kg体重剂量加味保元汤对束缚应激小鼠非特异性免疫功能保护作用效果最佳。     

记忆性B细胞多克隆激活模式与激发抗原种属特异性

目的 :观察记忆性B细胞非特异性多克隆激活的规律性。方法 :首先用定量的卵清、牛乳、牡蛎提取液 ,分别简称A、B、C抗原 ,对家兔分别做基础免疫 ,再分别用A、B、C三种抗原对家兔做交叉免疫 ;采用酶联免疫方法定量检测各组交叉免疫前后的基础抗体的变化。结果 :采用与基础免疫不同的抗原交叉免疫家兔的各组 ,其基础抗体均有 10 %～ 2 5 %的提高 ,较对照组有显著差异 (P <0.0 5 ) ,其中A、C抗原对基础抗体C、A的非特异性激发的相对水平均大于 2 0 % ,对基础抗体B的激发相对水平都低于 15 % ,B抗原对基础抗体C、A的非特异性激发的相对水平亦均低于 15 %。结论 :记忆性B细胞的非特异性多克隆激活与激发抗原的种属有关     

肺热净对小鼠免疫功能的作用

肺热净主要由连翘、牛蒡子、射干、麻黄等多味中药组成,系对古方精炼化裁而成,主要用于小儿外感肺系高热。本文研究了该药对正常及由环磷酰胺造成的免疫功能低下小鼠的免疫功能的影响,结果表明,该药不仅能增加非特异性免疫功能,而且能提高特异性体液免疫和细胞免疫反应。     

人胚小分子物质对小免疫功能调节作用的研究

本研究了人胚小分子物质（人胚素）对小鼠免疫功能的影响。结果表明，人胚素可明显升高小鼠外周血白细胞总数，提高小鼠游泳耐力及持续时间；能明显升高小鼠免疫球蛋白ＩｇＧ水平，增高小鼠淋巴细胞转化率，增强小鼠迟发性反应程度；对于体液免疫功能及细胞免疫功能均有促进作用；是一种新的作用面较广的免疫调节剂。     

抗食管癌核基质单抗的制备及其免疫特异性检测

以食管鳞状细胞癌核基质抗原免疫Ｂａｌｂ／ｃ小鼠，通过免疫小鼠的脾细胞与ＳＰ２／０骨髓瘤细胞融合和克隆化筛选，制备了Ｂ３等７株抗食管癌单克隆抗体杂交瘤细胞株。目的在于为食管癌的早期诊断和治疗提供特异的免疫学探针。免疫荧光测定结果表明：这些细胞株具有较稳定的抗体分泌功能和一定的免疫特异性，结合ＥＬＩＳＡ法测定Ｂ３细胞株单克隆抗体与不同类型的肿瘤核基质抗原反应结果的比较，提示该杂交瘤细胞株所分泌的抗体是其中一种活性较高和免疫特异性较强的单克隆抗体。     

乙肝康复冲剂的药理作用研究

乙肝康复冲剂由黄芪、白花蛇舌草等十味中药组成。研究证明,该药可明显增加大鼠胆汁分泌量,降低四氯化碳所致动物血清谷丙转氨酸(SGPT),谷草转氨酶(SGOT),乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)的升高、减轻四氯化碳对肝组织的损伤;促进肝脏对磺溴酞钠(BSP)的排泄,对急性肝损伤有明显保护作用。     

养胃冲剂对大鼠慢性萎缩性胃炎胃黏膜的保护作用

目的　观察养胃冲剂对慢性萎缩性胃炎组织病理学变化的影响。方法　施行胃 肠吻合术建立慢性萎缩性胃炎 ,连续灌胃给药 3个月后 ,大体观察并作石蜡切片 ,HE染色后在显微镜下观察并拍照。结果　养胃冲剂能明显改善胃上皮损伤程度、减少炎症浸润范围 ,缩小胃小凹的宽度 ,与模型组比较有明显差异 (P <0 0 5) ,与阳性对照组无差别 (P >0 0 5)。结论　养胃冲剂通过减轻胃黏膜炎症反应、逆转肠上皮化生能有效的修复损伤的胃黏膜 ,从而改善胃黏膜萎缩     

透骨消痛颗粒水提与醇提物含药血清干预骨髓基质干细胞活性的实验研究

背景：骨髓基质干细胞根据环境而有不同的分化路径,在特定的环境中有分化为透明软骨细胞的趋势,可能为治疗骨性关节炎提供新思路。 目的：观察透骨消痛颗粒水提与醇提物含药血清对骨髓基质干细胞活性的影响。 方法：制备透骨消痛颗粒水、醇提物,108只SD大鼠随机摸球法均分为低、中、高剂量对照组、水、醇提物组,腹主动脉采血制备含药血清。取4周龄SD大鼠四肢骨髓基质干细胞,第3代同步化后用含药血清进行干预,MTT检测其活性,流式细胞仪检测其周期分布,Real time PCR检测Cyclin D1 mRNA表达,Western Blot检测Cyclin D1蛋白表达。 结果与结论：透骨消痛颗粒水、醇提物含药血清干预48 h后,软骨细胞的A值中高剂量组明显高于对照组(P < 0.01,P < 0.05);各组G₀/G₁期细胞,水、醇提物组明显低于对照组(P < 0.01),水提物组明显低于醇提物组(P < 0.05);各组增殖指数及Cyclin D1 mRNA及蛋白表达水、醇提物组明显高于对照组(P < 0.01),水提物组明显高于醇提物组(P < 0.05)。说明透骨消痛颗粒水醇提物含药血清通过上调Cyclin D1的表达,加速骨髓基质干细胞周期的进程,从而促进其增殖,且透骨消痛颗粒水提物的效果优于醇提物。     

Partial attenuation of dentate granule cell evoked activity by the alternative substrates,lactate and pyruvate: evidence for a postsynaptic action

Summary Granule cell field potentials were evoked by stimulation of the perforant path of superfused hippocampal slices. Replacing the glucose in the superfusion medium with pyruvate (10 mM) or lactate (10 mM) attenuated the field potentials, significant decreases occurring in both the population spike and the population EPSP. Usually, a new steady state level of evoked activity was established which could be maintained for at least 20 min. Input-output analyses (EPSP vs stimulus strength, population spike vs EPSP) were performed using variable stimulus strengths on slices superfused with control or test media (under steady state conditions). At higher stimulus strengths the rate of rise of population EPSP was significantly lower for a given stimulus strength when pyruvate or lactate replaced glucose. However, the threshold stimulus intensity required to evoke a population EPSP was the same under all conditions. EPSP/population spike relationships were also analyzed under control and test conditions. Pyruvate, but not lactate, increased the threshold EPSP required to generate a population spike. Neither substrate significantly affected the incremental change in EPSP associated with a given increase in the population spike. It is argued that lactate and pyruvate attenuate granule cell evoked activity solely by postsynaptic actions. Lactate and pyruvate both appear to affect the summation of EPSPs; pyruvate may also affect the process of granule cell discharge.     

透骨消痛颗粒含药血清诱导骨髓基质干细胞向软骨细胞分化

背景：骨髓基质干细胞根据环境而有不同的分化路径,在特定的环境中有分化为透明软骨细胞的趋势,可能为治疗骨性关节炎提供新思路。 目的：观察透骨消痛颗粒含药血清对骨髓基质干细胞向软骨分化的影响。 方法：取SD大鼠四肢建立体外培养的骨髓基质干细胞,取第3代骨髓基质干细胞进行干预,分为生理盐水血清组、透骨消痛颗粒水提物血清组、透骨消痛颗粒醇提物血清组、诱导软骨剂组、透骨消痛颗粒水提物血清+诱导软骨剂组、透骨消痛颗粒醇提物血清+诱导软骨剂组。Real time PCR及Western Blot检测Sox9、collagen Ⅱ、collagen Ⅹ mRNA及蛋白表达。 结果与结论：含药血清干预14 d后,Sox9、 collagen Ⅱ、collagen Ⅹ mRNA及蛋白表达水平,透骨消痛颗粒水提物血清组、透骨消痛颗粒醇提物血清组、诱导软骨组、透骨消痛颗粒水提物血清+诱导软骨剂组、透骨消痛颗粒醇提物血清+诱导软骨剂组明显高于生理盐水血清组(P < 0.05,P< 0.01),诱导软骨组、透骨消痛颗粒水提物血清+诱导软骨剂组、透骨消痛颗粒醇提物血清+诱导软骨剂组明显高于透骨消痛颗粒水提物血清组、透骨消痛颗粒醇提物血清组(P < 0.01),其中Sox9表达透骨消痛颗粒水提物血清+诱导软骨剂组高于诱导软骨。说明透骨消痛颗粒含药血清通过上调Sox9的表达,加速骨髓基质干细胞细胞向软骨细胞分化。     

速效咽喉灵冲剂毒性研究

本文报告了速效咽喉灵冲剂小鼠急性毒性和大鼠60天长期毒性试验。结果表明,速效咽喉灵冲剂对小鼠灌胃给药的LD_(50)>120g/kg/天;大鼠60天长期毒性试验对动物一般状况、体重增长、外周血象、肝肾功能及病理组织学检查等未见明显毒性     

Impaired morphological development of the dorsal cochlear nucleus in hamsters treated postnatally with alpha-difluoromethylornithine

The dorsal cochlear nucleus is a highly organized nucleus in the auditory system in which the ramifications of depletion of specific cell types during development can be studied. Granule cells, small interneurons that are located in all layers of the DCN in the adult hamster, proliferate postnatally and are, therefore, potentially vulnerable to anti-mitotic agents that are administered after birth. The present experiments describe the effects of alpha-difluoromethylornithine, a drug that inhibits proliferation of cerebellar granule cells, on the granule cells in the dorsal cochlear nucleus. As in the cerebellum, the density of granule cells in the dorsal cochlear nucleus is reduced after alpha-difluoromethylornithine treatment. In hamsters treated with alpha-difluoromethylornithine (200 or 500 mg/kg subcutaneously (s.c.), twice daily on postnatal days 4-14), the numerical density of granule cells was reduced in the superficial dorsal cochlear nucleus at 15 days; by 40 days this effect was also apparent in the deep layer, suggesting that cells located superficially that would have migrated into the deep dorsal cochlear nucleus had either failed to develop or did not arrive at their final location. This evidence suggests that the cells normally migrate down from the superficial proliferative zone into the deeper layers. In the drug-treated animals, a layer of mixed granule cells and fusiform cells was thinner than in controls probably due to the reduction in interspersed granule cells since the number of fusiform cells was unaffected. There was also a dose-dependent effect on cell growth; fusiform cells were affected at both doses, while giant cells were only affected at the highest dose. Granule cells form a major input to the fusiform cells and their depletion may account for some of the effects on fusiform cell growth. There could also be additional direct actions of alpha-difluoromethylornithine on this population.     

Expression of neurofilament immunoreactivity in developing rat cerebellum in vitro and in vivo

The developmental expression of neurofilaments immunoreactivity was examined in frozen sections and in primary cultures of rat cerebellum by immunocytochemistry with a series of monoclonal antibodies and with a polyclonal antibody. In tissue sections immunocytochemical staining with all the antibodies used was observed in basket cells where adult-like appearance could be detected by 14 days of age and adult-level intensity was achieved by about 25 days. Granule cells remained unstained. Intense staining appeared in cerebellar white matter as early as 7 days after birth. In contrast, neurofilaments immunoreactivity was detected in cultured granule cells from 7-day-old cerebellum. Only polyclonal antibodies reacting with the highly conserved middle alpha-helical domain of the neurofilament subunits were reactive in culture. Staining could be detected in the nerve cell bodies from the first day after plating; thereafter staining intensity increased and was also distributed in neurite extensions. We conclude that unlike their counterparts in vivo cultured embryonic granule cells can express certain neurofilaments immunoreactivity.     

Effect of low temperatures on compound 48/80-induced intracellular Ca2+ changes and exocytosis of rat peritoneal mast cells

It has been well documented that compound 48/80-induced exocytosis of mast cells is accompanied by changes in intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) showing a biphasic pattern: an initial phase which constitutes an abrupt increase, followed by a plateau phase. The former is caused by Ca2+ release from intracellular Ca2+ stores, and the latter is the result of secondary Ca2+ influx. Low temperatures lead to the inhibition of exocytosis, but the precise mechanism remains unclear. The present study aims to reveal whether [Ca2+]i changes are affected by the environmental temperature. To this end, we developed a novel imaging method to record [Ca2+]i changes and exocytotic processes simultaneously. Rat peritoneal mast cells were loaded by Indo-1/AM or Fluo-3/AM for measuring [Ca2+]i, and the exocytosed granule matrices were stained by sulforhodamine-B. Cells were stimulated by compound 48/80, and [Ca2+]i changes and exocytosis were recorded by means of a real-time confocal microscope. At 37 degrees C, [Ca2+]i changes in stimulated mast cells showed a sustained plateau phase. Granule discharge was observed at the cell surface, and, in addition, most of the intracellular granule matrices were involved in compound exocytosis. The granule discharge and compound exocytosis proceeded over a period of a few minutes. At 4 degrees C, the plateau phase of [Ca2+]i changes declined rapidly, although the initial phase was not suppressed. Granule discharge occurred at the cell surface, but compound exocytosis ceased within a few minutes. These findings indicate that a low temperature inhibits compound exocytosis which can be caused by Ca2+ influx. The present imaging method represents a powerful tool for investigating the stimulus-secretion coupling of mast cells.     

Sparsely granulated prolactin cell adenomas of the pituitary gland

Summary The possible relationship between the preoperative plasma prolactin levels of patients having a sparsely granulated prolactin cell adenoma of the pituitary gland and the morphology of the tumors was studied by means of quantitative electron microscopy. To this end, a number of ultrastructural variables were chosen which are generally regarded to be indicative of cellular activity and which could be determined in a quantitative or semiquantitative way. These variables were determined in 19 adenomas from 17 patients and plotted against the corresponding prolactin levels. It appeared that marked endocrine activity was associated with a small number of granules per cell, a high frequency of exocytosis, and a marked development of the rough endoplasmic reticulum. Granule size and development of Golgi apparatus and lysosomes were not at all, or only poorly correlated with the plasma hormone levels. Finally, the number of mitochondria per cell showed a totally unexpected inverse correlation with endocrine activity. Due to the close mutual correlation existing between several of the variables investigated, combining them in a multivariate analysis did not significantly improve the correlation with the hormone level.