棕榈油对中国健康青年男子血脂及脂质过氧化物水平的影响

为了研究棕榈油（ＰＡ）、豆油（ＳＯ）、猪油（ＬＡ）对正常人血脂及脂质过氧化物水平的影响，将４５名１８～２５岁健康男子分为３组，分别食用上述３种油烹调的实验膳。实验膳中脂肪占热能的３０％，其中７５％～８０％来自实验用油。预备期３周，实验期６周。结果显示：ＬＡ使受试者的低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（ＬＤＬ－Ｃ）浓度及总胆固醇与高密度脂蛋白胆固醇比值（ＴＣ／ＨＤＬ－Ｃ）水平显著升高，而ＰＡ、ＳＯ则无此影响；实验结束时，ＰＡ组ＴＣ、ＬＤＬ－Ｃ、ＴＣ／ＨＤＬ－Ｃ以及ＳＯ组的ＴＣ／ＨＤＬ－Ｃ均显著低于ＬＡ组。ＴＧ、ＨＤＬ－Ｃ和ＬＰＯ水平３组间未见显著性差异。以上实验结果表明，在食品工业及家庭烹饪中使用棕榈油可维持健康成人正常的血胆固醇水平     

食用油对血脂、脂质过氧化、膜磷脂脂肪酸及血小板功能的影响

大鼠分别喂饲猪油、花生油、茶油、豆油、麻油及牛油高胆固醇饲料１～３个月，发现：１．麻油及牛油组血清总胆固醇（ＴＣ）及低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（ＬＤＬ－Ｃ）水平远低于诸油及花生油组（Ｐ＜０．０５），且高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（ＨＤＬ－Ｃ）水平最高（Ｐ＜０．０５）。茶油及豆油组ＴＣ与ＬＤＬ－Ｃ居中。甘油三酯以豆油组最高，茶油组最低（Ｐ＜０，０５）。２．各组红细胞膜、心肌线粒体及肝微粒体磷脂脂肪酸与饲料脂肪酸水平呈正相关。ＲＢＣ膜及心肌线粒体磷脂中，猪油及牛油组饱和脂肪酸含量较高，茶油组的单不饱和脂肪酸含量较高，麻油及花生油组的多不饱和脂肪酸（ＰＵＦＡ）含量较高。３．茶油组血清、肝及脑丙二醛（ＭＤＡ）水平最低，其余各组均较高。豆油组的肝ＭＤＡ最高。４．血清、肝超氧化物歧化酶（ＳＯＤ）水平以花生油及豆油组较低。５．血小板聚集率及血栓素Ｂ２（ＴＸＢ２）／６－酮－前列腺索Ｆ＿（１ａ）（６－Ｋ－ＰＧＦ＿（１ａ））比值以麻油组最低、豆油组较高。６．茶油组的生物膜流动性较大，而猪油及牛油组较小。     

高脂血症患者前列环素,血栓素及D—二聚体的检测与分析

采用放射免疫法和ＥＬＩＳＡ法测定了６９例高脂血症患者６－酮－前列腺素Ｆ１α（６－Ｋ＝ＰＧＦ１α）、血栓素Ｂ２（ＴＸＢ２）以及Ｄ－二聚体（Ｄ－ｄｉｍｅｒ）和纤维蛋白（原）降解产物（ＦＤＰ）,并与２０例正常人比较。结果发现是血症患者６－Ｋ－ＰＧＦ１α低于对照组（Ｐ〈０．０５）,ＴＸＢ２高于对照组（Ｐ〈０．０１）,同时,Ｄ－ｄｉｍｅｒ和ＦＤＰ也高于对照组（Ｐ〈０．００１）。高脂血症患者体内处于ＰＧＩ２／     

硒和/或维生素E预防大鼠内皮细胞损伤的实验研究

用含硒（Ｓｅ０．５ｍｇ／ｋｇ）和／或维生素Ｅ（ＶＥ０．６ｇ／ｋｇ）的高脂饲料喂养成年雄性Ｗｉｓｔａｒ大鼠１２周。结果：高脂对照组大鼠血浆前列腺素Ｆｌα（６－酮－ＰＧＦ１α）水平下降，而血清脂质过氧化物（ＬＰＯ）、血浆血栓素（ＴＸＢ２）及内皮素（ＥＴ）水平上升；补Ｓｅ、ＶＥ及Ｓｅ＋ＶＥ可明显降低大鼠血清ＬＰＯ、血浆ＴＸＢ２、ＥＴ及ＴＸＢ２／６－酮－ＰＧＦ１α比值。同时，除了明显提高血浆谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（ＧＳＨ－Ｐｘ）活力外，血浆６－酮－ＰＧＦ１α浓度明显升高。实验提示，Ｓｅ和／或ＶＥ有调节花生四烯酸代谢及保护内皮细胞的作用。     

食油对红细胞变形能力及膜流动性等指标的影响

以含１１％猪油、茶油、棉油、棕桐油及调和油的高胆固醇饲料分别饲养大鼠。发现：（１）棕桐油组血清总胆固醇（Ｔｃ）及ＬＤＬ－ｃ最低，猪油组最高，茶油组次之，ＨＤＬ－ｃ以棉油组最高，调和油组次之，猪油组及棕桐油组最低。ＨＤＬ－Ｃ／Ｔｃ也以棉油组最高，猪油组及茶油组最低。ＴＧ以猪油组及茶油组较高。（２）血清丙二醛以棕桐油组最低，猪油组最高。（３）棉油组的血清超氧化物歧化酶（ＳＯＤ）活力及肝ＳＯＤ活力较高。（４）棕榈油组及调和油组的血小板聚集率较低。（５）调和油组及棉油组的血栓素Ｂ２／６－酮前列腺素Ｆ１α比值较低。（６）茶油组及棉油组的红细胞变形能力较大。茶油组的红细胞膜流动性最好。     

三种食用油对大鼠血脂、血小板功能、生物膜及脂质过氧化的影响

采用成年ＳＤ大鼠，分别喂给猪油、米糠油和玉米油，观察其对血脂、血小板功能、生物膜及脂质过氧化的影响。结果表明，与猪油组比较，米糠油和玉米油组血清ＴＣ、ＴＧ、ＬＤＬ－Ｃ、ＴＣ／ＨＤＬ－Ｃ均较低，血浆６－Ｋ－ＰＧＦ１２／ＴＸＢ２比值较高，血小板聚集率较低，膜磷脂中多不饱和脂肪酸含量较多，膜流动性较大，心、肝、脑组织中ＭＤＡ含量较高，肝超氧化物歧化酶活性较低，易于脂质过氧化。米糠油和玉米油组之间则无明显差异。     

镁预防高脂膳家兔内皮细胞损伤的研究

目的：通过血浆血栓素（ＴＸＢ２）、６－酮前列腺素Ｆ１α（６－Ｋｅｔｏ－ＰＧＦ１α）、内皮素（ＥＴ）及一氧化氮（ＮＯ）等几个方面探讨镁预防高脂膳家兔诱发动脉粥样硬化形成的可能作用。方法：成年新西兰家兔随机分为正常对照组（基础饲料＋普通饮水）,高脂对照组（高脂饲料＋普通饮水）,高镁组（高脂饲料＋含镁４２．１ｍｇ／ｋｇ饮水）,观察１２周。结果：高脂对照组家兔血浆前列腺素Ｆ１α水平及ＮＯ含量下降,ＴＸＢ２及ＥＴ水平上升。补镁提高血浆６－Ｋｅｔｏ－ＰＧＦ１α浓度和ＮＯ含量,同时也可明显降低家兔血浆ＴＸＢ２、ＥＴ及ＴＸＢ２／６－Ｋｅｔｏ－ＰＧＦ１α比值。结论：镁有调节花生四烯酸代谢、保护内皮细胞及防治动脉粥样硬化形成的作用。     

吸烟与动脉硬化性脑梗塞关系的研究

目的：探讨吸烟与动脉硬化性脑硬塞（ＡＳＣＩ）的关系。方法：对１０２例ＡＳＣＩ患者及１０８例正常人血清载脂蛋白（Ａｐｏ－Ｂ）、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（ＨＤＬ－Ｃ）、总胆固醇（ＴＣ）进行测定及对比分析。结果：ＡＳＣＩ组Ａｐｏ－Ｂ比对照组显著升高（Ｐ＜０．０１）,ＨＤＬ－Ｃ比对照组显著降低（Ｐ＜０．０１）,而ＴＣ两组间无明显差异（Ｐ＞０．０５）。在对照组及ＡＳ－ＣＩ组吸烟者Ａｐｏ－Ｂ均高于非吸烟者（Ｐ＜０．０１,Ｐ＜０．０５）,而ＨＤＬ－Ｃ吸烟者明显低于非吸烟者（Ｐ＜０．０１）。结论：吸烟能促使血清Ａｐｏ－Ｂ增高及ＨＤＬ－Ｃ下降,可以认为吸烟是ＡＳＣＩ的危险因素之一。     

东北5城市脑血管病脂蛋白（α）和其它脂类水平的研究

报道４１例脑出血，４７例脑梗塞患者脂蛋白（α）［Ｌｐ（α）］及胆固醇（Ｃｈ）、甘油三酯（ＴＧ），高密度脂蛋白（ＨＤＬ）、载脂蛋白Ａ－Ⅰ（ＡｐｏＡ－Ⅰ）和载脂蛋白Ｂ（ＡｐｏＢ）的水平，并与４９例健康对照者作比较。结果发现：脑梗塞组Ｌｐ（α）、ＡｐｏＢ及ＴＧ升高，ＨＤＬ及ＡｐｏＡ－Ⅰ下降；脑出血组Ｌｐ（α）、ＡｐｏＢ及ＴＧ上升，Ｃｈ及ＨＤＬ下降明显。脑梗塞组ＬＰ（α）与ＴＧ呈显著正相关，而脑出血组Ｌｐ（α）与Ｃｈ呈显著负相关。脑梗塞组Ｌｐ（α）、ＴＧ的异常检出率分别高达６８．０９％、６３．８３％，脑出血组ＨＤＬ的异常检出率高达５３．６６％。本研究结果提示，Ｌｐ（α）和其它脂类代谢异常是脑血管病患者最常见和重要的致病因素。     

维生素E、C联用对老年正常血脂冠心病氧化修饰低密度脂蛋白及血小板活化状态的影响

目的：探讨老年正常血脂冠心病患者体内低密度脂蛋白（ＬＤＬ）氧化修饰状态,及氧化修饰低密度蛋白（Ｏｘ－ＬＤＬ）与血小板活化状态的关系。方法：选择心病组和正常组各２６全色Ｏｘ－ＬＤＬ、血小板膜α－颗粒膜蛋白（ＧＭＰ－１４０）、血栓素Ｂ２（ＴＸＢ２）为指标,在冠心病组服用维生素Ｅ、Ｃ前及一个月后比较上述各指标的变化。结果：实验发现,正常血脂老年冠心病组血浆Ｏｘ－ＬＤＬ、ＴＸＢ２浓度,ＧＭＰ－１４０水平较     

Nitrite plasma levels in normolipemic and hypercholesterolemic patients with peripheral occlusive arteriopathy

BACKGROUND: The authors studied the nitrite plasma levels in a group of patients with peripheral obstructive arteriopathy. METHODS: The series consisted of 63 subjects (43 males, 20 females, mean age 64 +/- 9 years) suffering from peripheral arterial occlusive disease of the lower limbs, at II (55 cases) and III (8 cases) Fontaine stage; 21 subjects with total cholesterol (TC) lower than 200 mg/dl were considered as normolipemics, 24 subjects with TC values between 200 and 240 as mild hypercholesterolemics, 18 subjects with TC above 240 mg/dl as severe hypercholesterolemics. For each subject the determination of nitrite plasma levels was carried out, by the Gutman and Hollywood colorimetric method. RESULTS: In the normolipemic arteriopathics the basal value of nitrites was sharply reduced (p < 0.05) compared to the controls; in the mild hypercholesterolemics the mean basal value of nitrites was markedly higher compared to the controls; in the severe hypercholesterolemics the mean basal value of nitrites was statistically (p < 0.05) higher than that of the controls. In the arteriopathic patients, globally considered, the mean basal value of nitrites was superimposable on that of the normal control subjects. CONCLUSIONS: This study, carried out on the nitrite plasma levels in a group of arteriopathic patients allowed us to show the enhanced levels of nitric oxide due to the increase of LDL; this effect, previously observed in hypercholesterolemic diabetic and coronaropathic patients, leads us to the hypothesis of a stimulating effect of LDL upon NO endothelial synthesis; this would be a compensatory response to the damaging and vasoconstricting action of LDL.     

桑蚕蛹油对大鼠血脂水平及血小板功能的影响

为观察桑蚕蛹油和桑蚕蛹油加维生素E(VE)对大鼠血脂水平和血小板功能的影响 ,选取雄性成年Wistar大鼠 40只 ,按血脂水平分为 4组 :正常对照组 ,高脂对照组 ,桑蚕蛹油组和桑蚕蛹油 +VE组 ,分别喂饲各组饲料。 6周后 ,测定血脂水平和血小板功能。结果显示 ,(1)与高脂对照组相比 ,桑蚕蛹油可显著降低大鼠血清总胆固醇 (TC)、甘油三酯 (TG)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇 (LDL C)水平和致动脉粥样硬化指数 (AI) ,升高血清高密度脂蛋白胆固醇 (HDL C)水平 ;血小板聚集率 ,血浆血栓素B2 (TXB2 )水平以及TXB2 6 k PGF1α(T P)比值显著降低 ,6 酮前列腺素F1α(6 k PGF1α)水平显著上升 ;(2 )桑蚕蛹油 +VE组大鼠血清TC、LDL C水平显著低于桑蚕蛹油组 ,血小板聚集率 ,T P比值也显著降低。提示 ,富含α 亚麻酸的桑蚕蛹油能降低大鼠血脂水平 ,抑制血小板聚集 ,加入VE后 ,这种作用更为明显     

Nitrite plasma levels in normolipemic and hypercholesterolemic arteriopathics after vasoactive and lipid-lowering treatment

BACKGROUND: The authors studied the plasmatic levels of nitrites, stable end-products of nitric oxide in arteriopathic patients before and after vasoactive and lipid-lowering treatment. METHODS: The series consisted of 63 subjects (mean age 64 +/- 9) suffering from peripheral arterial occlusive disease; 21 subjects with total cholesterol (TC) lower than 200 mg/dl were considered as normolipemic (group A); 24 subjects with TC ranging between 200 and 240 mg/dl were considered as mild hypercholesterolemic (group B); 18 subjects with TC higher than 240 mg/dl were consider as severe hypercholesterolemic (group C). All the patients were examined before and after 15 and 30 days of a vasoactive treatment (calciparine, aspirin, buflomedil and pentoxiphylline); group B after vasoactive and diet (NCEP phase 1) treatment and group C after vasoactive, diet and drug (simvastatin) treatment. Nitrite plasma levels were determined by the Gutman and Hollywood colorimetric method. RESULTS: In group A the basal value of nitrites was sharply (p < 0.05) lower than controls; after vasoactive treatment a significant increase (p < 0.05), was observed after 15 and 30 days; in group B the basal value was higher than controls; after 15 days a significant increase (p < 0.5) was noted, but a regression was found after 30 days. Also in group C the basal value of nitrites was higher (p < 0.05) than controls; after treatment significant changes were not found. CONCLUSIONS: The increase of nitrites in group A may be due to an improved endothelial function; this phenomenon, less appreciable in group B and no longer evident in group C may depend on the lipid-lowering treatment.     

茶油对动物血脂和血小板功能的影响

本文报道了富含油酸的茶油对兔和大鼠的血脂与血小板功能的影响。 新西兰雌兔22头,分3组,饲常备饲料。每日以灌胃法分别给予茶油、红花油和椰子油5ml(含0.5克胆固醇),饲养8周。结果表明,茶油组血清胆固醇(TC),低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)水平显著低于椰子油组,高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)/TC的比值显著高于其他两组;红花油组的TC,LDL-C虽也较低,但与椰子油组无明显差异。茶油组的血小板聚集率和血栓素B_2(TXB_2)水平亦显著低于椰子油组,6-酮前列腺素F_(1α)(6-Keto-PGF_(1α))水平与其他两组差别不明显,但TXB_2/6-Keto-PGF_(1α)比值较低。 Wistar雄性大鼠120只,分4组,分别饲予15％茶油,红花油和椰子油及1％胆固醇配制的半合成饲料9周。结果表明:茶油可降低大鼠的血小板聚集率及TXB_2/6-Keto-PGF_(1α)比值,并使血小板膜中的MUFA含量增高和PUFA含量减少。 基于本实验结果,作者在文中对茶油有利于预防心血管疾病的可能途径进行了讨论。     

豆渣纤维的降脂作用及对血液流变学影响的研究

以ＳＤ大鼠为对象，研究了豆渣纤维对高胆固醇膳动物脂质代谢和血流变性的影响，并与果胶和纯纤维素进行比较，结果表明：８周实验后，豆渣与果胶组动物的血清总胆固醇（ＴＣ）和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（ＬＤＬ－Ｃ）显著降低，但豆渣组的血脂水平比果胶组更低（Ｐ＜０．０５）。而纯纤维素组未显出降脂作用。各组大鼠的甘油三醋（ＴＧ）和高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（ＨＤＬ－Ｃ）也无明显变化。实验同时表明，６％的豆渣纤维与果胶均可使高脂大鼠的血粘度及血小板聚集率降低（Ｐ＜０．０５），且前者优于后者。相关分析显示，血脂与血流变学指标间存在显著相关性（Ｐ＜０．０５），其中ＴＣ与ＬＤＬ－Ｃ是影响血流变性的重要因素。６％的以上各种纤维摄入量均不影响大鼠的摄食量与生长。     

葡萄籽油对高脂大鼠血脂水平的影响

葡萄籽油含有74％的亚油酸、多种维生素和微量元素。大鼠每日饲以葡萄籽油4ml/kg可使高脂血清总胆固醇降低,高密度脂蛋白胆固醇水平显著升高。高密度脂蛋白/总胆固醇比值升高。     

Dietary palmitic and oleic acids exert similar effects on serum cholesterol and lipoprotein profiles in normocholesterolemic men and women.

To compare the effects of dietary palmitic acid (16:0) vs oleic acid (18:1) on serum lipids, lipoproteins, and plasma eicosanoids, 33 normocholesterolemic subjects (20 males, 13 females; ages 22-41 years) were challenged with a coconut oil-rich diet for 4 weeks. Subsequently they were assigned to either a palm olein-rich or olive oil-rich diet followed by a dietary crossover during two consecutive 6-week periods. Each test oil served as the sole cooking oil and contributed 23% of dietary energy or two-thirds of the total daily fat intake. Dietary myristic acid (14:0) and lauric acid (12:0) from coconut oil significantly raised all the serum lipid and lipoprotein parameters measured. Subsequent one-to-one exchange of 7% energy between 16:0 (palm olein diet) and 18:1 (olive oil diet) resulted in identical serum total cholesterol (192, 193 mg/dl), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) (130, 131 mg/dl), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) (41, 42 mg/dl), and triglyceride (TG) (108, 106 mg/dl) concentrations. Effects attributed to gender included higher HDL in females and higher TG in males associated with the tendency for higher LDL and LDL/HDL ratios in men. However, both sexes were equally responsive to changes in dietary fat saturation. The results indicate that in healthy, normocholesterolemic humans, dietary 16:0 can be exchanged for 18:1 within the range of these fatty acids normally present in typical diets without affecting the serum lipoprotein cholesterol concentration or distribution. In addition, replacement of 12:0 + 14:0 by 16:0 + 18:1, but especially 16:0 or some component of palm olein, appeared to have a beneficial impact on an important index of thrombogenesis, i.e., the thromboxane/prostacyclin ratio in plasma.     

棕榈油对血脂和脂质过氧化作用的影响

棕榈油为富含棕榈酸的油脂，为阐明其对血脂和脂质过氧化的影响进行了本研究。试验动物为Ｗｉｓｔａｒ大鼠，分为三组，即猪油组（ＬＡ）、棕榈油组（ＰＡ）和精制菜籽油组（ＲＡ），每组８只大鼠。饲料含１５％油脂和１％胆固醇。结果表明，棕榈油无升高血胆固醇、ＬＤＬ一Ｃ、ＶＬＤＬ一Ｃ和降低ＨＤＬ一Ｃ的作用，各参数皆优于ＬＡ，而与ＲＡ相当。动物肝组织和冠状动脉中甘油三酯含量较高，但心脏含量较低。红细胞、肝脏和心脏中超氧化物歧化酶（ＳＯＤ）活性明显高于ＬＡ，而血清和组织中过氧化脂质（ＬＰＯ）则明显低于ＬＡ，其数值与菜籽油组相近。     

Hypocholesterolemic effect of an enteric-coated garlic supplement.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the hypocholesterolemic effect of an enteric-coated garlic supplement standardized for allicin-releasing potential in mild to moderate hypercholesterolemic patients. METHODS: A double-blind randomized, placebo-controlled intervention study was conducted in 46 hypercholesterolemic subjects who had failed or were not compliant with drug therapy. Each subject was given dietary counseling to lower fat intake and enteric-coated Australian garlic powder tablets with 9.6 mg allicin-releasing potential or matching placebo tablets. RESULTS: After 12 weeks, the garlic supplement group (n=22) had a significant reduction in total cholesterol (TC, -0.36 mmol/L. -4.2%) and LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C, -0.44 mmol/L, -6.6%) while the placebo group (n=24) had a non-significant increase in TC (0.13 mmol/L, 2.0%) and LDL-C (0.18 mmol/L, 3.7%). HDL-cholesterol was significantly increased in the placebo group (0.09 mmol/L, 9.1%), compared to the garlic group (-0.02 mmol/L, -0.9%). and no significant difference in triglycerides or in LDL/HDL ratio was observed between groups. CONCLUSIONS: The study demonstrates that enteric-coated garlic powder supplements with 9.6 mg allicin-releasing potential may have value in mild to moderate hypercholesterolemic patients when combined with a low fat diet. Taken with other evidence, the efficacy of garlic for lipoprotein metabolism might require allicin bioavailability to be enhanced through the use of, for example, an enteric-coated dose form. If this is the case, the possibility remains that greater hypocholesterolemic efficacy may be evident at a higher allicin dose. Also noteworthy in this study was a small reduction in energy intake with garlic compared with placebo, attributable to reduction in fat, carbohydrate and alcohol intakes. This may also have contributed to the effects on blood lipids. This study suggests that garlic supplementation has a cholesterol-lowering effect, which may be mediated by direct action of a biologically active compound or compounds and in part through the effect on food and nutrient intake.