干细胞及其治疗糖尿病的研究进展

糖尿病是严重威胁人类健康的代谢紊乱性疾病.干细胞具有自我更新和多向分化潜能.来源于成体干细胞和胚胎干细胞的胰岛细胞移植也许是有前途的糖尿病治疗方法.干细胞体外培养时可以自发或诱导分化为胰岛素分泌细胞,部分实验证实移植后的胰岛素分泌细胞可以纠正糖尿病小鼠的高血糖状态,这一研究为糖尿病细胞替代治疗带来希望.     

干细胞及其治疗糖尿病的研究进展

糖尿病是严重威胁人类健康的代谢紊乱性疾病.干细胞具有自我更新和多向分化潜能.来源于成体干细胞和胚胎干细胞的胰岛细胞移植也许是有前途的糖尿病治疗方法.干细胞体外培养时可以自发或诱导分化为胰岛素分泌细胞,部分实验证实移植后的胰岛素分泌细胞可以纠正糖尿病小鼠的高血糖状态,这一研究为糖尿病细胞替代治疗带来希望.     

干细胞及其治疗糖尿病的研究进展

糖尿病是严重威胁人类健康的代谢紊乱性疾病.干细胞具有自我更新和多向分化潜能.来源于成体干细胞和胚胎干细胞的胰岛细胞移植也许是有前途的糖尿病治疗方法.干细胞体外培养时可以自发或诱导分化为胰岛素分泌细胞,部分实验证实移植后的胰岛素分泌细胞可以纠正糖尿病小鼠的高血糖状态,这一研究为糖尿病细胞替代治疗带来希望.     

干细胞及其治疗糖尿病的研究进展

糖尿病是严重威胁人类健康的代谢紊乱性疾病.干细胞具有自我更新和多向分化潜能.来源于成体干细胞和胚胎干细胞的胰岛细胞移植也许是有前途的糖尿病治疗方法.干细胞体外培养时可以自发或诱导分化为胰岛素分泌细胞,部分实验证实移植后的胰岛素分泌细胞可以纠正糖尿病小鼠的高血糖状态,这一研究为糖尿病细胞替代治疗带来希望.     

干细胞及其治疗糖尿病的研究进展

糖尿病是严重威胁人类健康的代谢紊乱性疾病.干细胞具有自我更新和多向分化潜能.来源于成体干细胞和胚胎干细胞的胰岛细胞移植也许是有前途的糖尿病治疗方法.干细胞体外培养时可以自发或诱导分化为胰岛素分泌细胞,部分实验证实移植后的胰岛素分泌细胞可以纠正糖尿病小鼠的高血糖状态,这一研究为糖尿病细胞替代治疗带来希望.     

干细胞及其治疗糖尿病的研究进展

糖尿病是严重威胁人类健康的代谢紊乱性疾病.干细胞具有自我更新和多向分化潜能.来源于成体干细胞和胚胎干细胞的胰岛细胞移植也许是有前途的糖尿病治疗方法.干细胞体外培养时可以自发或诱导分化为胰岛素分泌细胞,部分实验证实移植后的胰岛素分泌细胞可以纠正糖尿病小鼠的高血糖状态,这一研究为糖尿病细胞替代治疗带来希望.     

干细胞及其治疗糖尿病的研究进展

糖尿病是严重威胁人类健康的代谢紊乱性疾病.干细胞具有自我更新和多向分化潜能.来源于成体干细胞和胚胎干细胞的胰岛细胞移植也许是有前途的糖尿病治疗方法.干细胞体外培养时可以自发或诱导分化为胰岛素分泌细胞,部分实验证实移植后的胰岛素分泌细胞可以纠正糖尿病小鼠的高血糖状态,这一研究为糖尿病细胞替代治疗带来希望.     

干细胞及其治疗糖尿病的研究进展

糖尿病是严重威胁人类健康的代谢紊乱性疾病.干细胞具有自我更新和多向分化潜能.来源于成体干细胞和胚胎干细胞的胰岛细胞移植也许是有前途的糖尿病治疗方法.干细胞体外培养时可以自发或诱导分化为胰岛素分泌细胞,部分实验证实移植后的胰岛素分泌细胞可以纠正糖尿病小鼠的高血糖状态,这一研究为糖尿病细胞替代治疗带来希望.     

干细胞治疗糖尿病：未来可期

干细胞以其自我更新和多向分化的生物学优势, 通过免疫调节功能、组织修复功能及分化功能, 在糖尿病的治疗中展现出良好的应用前景。间充质干细胞移植对1型和2型糖尿病患者有一定疗效, 但临床结果不能令人满意, 需要提高间充质干细胞体内存活时间及疗效。干细胞诱导分化的胰岛素分泌细胞为胰岛衰竭型糖尿病的治疗提供了理想的胰岛细胞补充来源, 但免疫排斥及安全性问题仍是干细胞诱导分化的胰岛素分泌细胞应用中面临的主要问题, 尚需开展临床研究探索其有效性及安全性。     

胰岛干细胞的研究进展

胰岛细胞移植是治疗1型糖尿病的可行性方法,但面临组织来源缺乏和免疫排斥等难题。干细胞是具有自我复制能力和多种分化潜能的细胞。研究发现,在胰腺导管细胞和胰岛中存在成体胰岛干细胞,而胚胎干细胞经适当的培养、诱导可以分化为具有胰岛特征并可分泌胰岛素的细胞。这些研究进展为糖尿病的细胞治疗带来了新的希望。     

Glucose-responsive insulin-producing cells from stem cells

Recent success with immunosuppression following islet cell transplantation offers hope that a cell transplantation treatment for type 1 (juvenile) diabetes may be possible if sufficient quantities of safe and effective cells can be produced. For the treatment of type 1 diabetes, the two therapeutically essential functions are the ability to monitor blood glucose levels and the production of corresponding and sufficient levels of mature insulin to maintain glycemic control. Stem cells can replicate themselves and produce cells that take on more specialized functions. If a source of stem cells capable of yielding glucose-responsive insulin-producing (GRIP) cells can be identified, then transplantation-based treatment for type 1 diabetes may become widely available. Currently, stem cells from embryonic and adult sources are being investigated for their ability to proliferate and differentiate into cells with GRIP function. Human embryonic pluripotent stem cells, commonly referred to as embryonic stem (ES) cells and embryonic germ (EG) cells, have received significant attention owing to their broad capacity to differentiate and ability to proliferate well in culture. Their application to diabetes research is of particular promise, as it has been demonstrated that mouse ES cells are capable of producing cells able to normalize glucose levels of diabetic mice, and human ES cells can differentiate into cells capable of insulin production. Cells with GRIP function have also been derived from stem cells residing in adult organisms, here referred to as endogenous stem cell sources. Independent of source, stem cells capable of producing cells with GRIP function may provide a widely available cell transplantation treatment for type 1 diabetes.     

胰腺干细胞诱导分化为胰岛素分泌细胞的实验研究

目的研究大鼠胰腺组织干细胞向胰岛内分泌细胞分化及其在实验性糖尿病治疗中的应用。方法应用Nestin结合的免疫磁珠从大鼠胰腺导管细胞中分离和纯化干细胞,经体外扩增及诱导分化形成胰岛样结构,进行体外和体内的功能评价。结果大鼠胰腺干细胞经体外扩增和诱导分化后,表达胰岛素mRNA,并形成胰岛样结构。免疫荧光染色显示胰岛结构内含有大量胰岛素阳性细胞和少量胰高糖素阳性细胞。在葡萄糖刺激下干细胞分化出胰岛,有胰岛素释放,其释放量约为正常胰岛的39.4%。将干细胞分化来的胰岛移植到免疫缺陷的糖尿病小鼠后可以明显改善糖代谢的紊乱。结论胰腺组织干细胞可以在体外诱导分化成为具有治疗糖尿病功能的胰岛细胞。     

骨髓间充质干细胞与糖尿病及其并发症的治疗

传统的药物治疗不能阻止糖尿病患者胰岛β细胞的进行性衰竭.骨髓间充质干细胞是一个缺乏造血干细胞的细胞群,具有自我更新能力以及多向分化潜能,可定向诱导分化为胰岛素分泌细胞,分泌胰岛素,从而可能用于糖尿病及其并发症的治疗.胰-十二指肠同源盒因子-1可提高其分化效率.本文主要对骨髓间充质干细胞治疗糖尿病及其并发症作一综述.     

干细胞技术治疗糖尿病的研究进展与应用前景

干细胞技术可以为糖尿病的细胞替代治疗提供足量胰岛细胞.胚胎干(embryonic stem,ES)细胞、诱导性多潜能干(induced pluripotentstem,iPS)细胞及成体干细胞可以在体外或体内分化为胰岛素分泌细胞,并可降低糖尿病动物模型的血糖.在小规模的临床试验中,自体骨髓干细胞移植治疗糖尿病已经初步显...     

Generation of insulin-producing cells from pluripotent stem cells: from the selection of cell sources to the optimization of protocols

The pancreas arises from Pdx1-expressing progenitors in developing foregut endoderm in early embryo. Expression of Ngn3 and NeuroD1 commits the cells to form endocrine pancreas, and to differentiate into subsets of cells that constitute islets of Langerhans. β-cells in the islets transcribe gene-encoding insulin, and subsequently process and secrete insulin, in response to circulating glucose. Dysfunction of β-cells has profound metabolic consequences leading to hyperglycemia and diabetes mellitus. β-cells are destroyed via autoimmune reaction in type 1 diabetes (T1D). Type 2 diabetes (T2D), characterized by impaired β-cell functions and reduced insulin sensitivity, accounts for 90% of all diabetic patients. Islet transplantation is a promising treatment for T1D. Pluripotent stem cells provide an unlimited cell source to generate new β-cells for patients with T1D. Furthermore, derivation of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from patients captures "disease-in-a-dish" for autologous cell replacement therapy, disease modeling, and drug screening for both types of diabetes. This review highlights essential steps in pancreas development, and potential stem cell applications in cell regeneration therapy for diabetes mellitus.     

Stem cells therapy for type 1 diabetes

In this article, we have reviewed the developments of studies of stem cells therapy for type 1 diabetes since this century. Review of the literature was based on computer searches (PubMed) and our studies. Type 1 diabetes can now be ameliorated by islet transplantation, but this treatment is restricted by the scarcity of islet tissue. Hopes for a limitless supply of a substitute for primary islets of Langerhans and progress in stem cell biology have led to research into the feasibility of stem/progenitor cells to generate insulin-producing cells to use in replacement therapies for diabetes. An increasing body of evidence indicated that, in addition to embryonic stem cells, several potential adult stem/progenitor cells, derived from pancreas, liver, spleen, and bone marrow could differentiate into insulin-producing cells in vitro or in vivo. However, significant controversy currently exists in this field. Moreover, safe suppression of autoimmunity or specific tolerance to auto-antigens for patients with type 1 diabetes must be achieved before this promising new technology can lead to a great progress in clinical practice. To prevent type 1 diabetes through genetic engineering of hematopoietic stem cells represents another new strategy. Much basic research is still required.     

干细胞治疗人体寄生虫病研究进展

干细胞是一类具有自我复制、自我更新和多向分化潜能的原始细胞,其在一定条件下可分化为多种功能细胞,生成人体各种组织器官。干细胞疗法是通过将新的干细胞引入到受损组织,促进因创伤、疾病、老化而受损的人体组织再生,从而修复或替换受损组织,以达到治疗疾病的目的。既往研究证实,干细胞疗法可用于癌症、糖尿病、神经系统疾病、自身免疫性疾病、心血管疾病、血液病等多种人类疾病治疗,显示了其广泛的临床应用前景。本文主要就干细胞疗法治疗人体寄生虫感染作一综述。     

Small molecules and extrinsic factors promoting differentiation of stem cells into insulin-producing cells

In the modern world, type-2 diabetes mellitus has become a leading public healthcare problem, due to major risks of morbidity and mortality. Prevalence has increased significantly in recent decades. Treatment involves oral hypoglycemic agents or insulin replacement therapy. Development is ongoing for cell-based diabetes therapies using stem cells with the potential to differentiate into insulin-producing cells (IPCs): embryonic stem cells (ESCs), mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), and stem cells from adult pancreas, liver, central nervous system, bone marrow and adipose tissue. Successful induction of iPSCs, however, depends on the quantity and quality of available stem cells and the development of adapted protocols determining the environment of extrinsic factors and involvement of small molecules. Validating such new cell therapies must be founded on this experimental rationale.     

microRNA与胰腺发育以及干细胞分化的研究进展

microRNA(miRNA)是一类参与基因转录后调控的非编码小分子RNA,其在胚胎发育、细胞命运决定、生长调控等方面发挥重要作用.业已证实,一些特定的miRNA通过靶向调控某些胰腺发育相关的重要转录因子而参与胰腺胚胎发育过程.通过模拟体内胰岛发育过程,可将干细胞在体外诱导定向分化为胰岛素分泌细胞.此外,miRNA在干细胞的维持和分化中也可能具有调控作用.因此,miRNA在胰腺发育和干细胞分化中的作用及其机制值得深入研究,这将为胰岛功能重建治疗糖尿病策略提供新的思路.     

Little evidence of transdifferentiation of bone marrow-derived cells into pancreatic beta cells

Aims/hypothesis Bone marrow cells contain at least two distinct types of stem cells which are haematopoietic stem cells and mesenchymal stem cells. Both cells have the ability to differentiate into a variety of cell types derived from all three germ layers. Thus, bone marrow stem cells could possibly be used to generate new pancreatic beta cells for the treatment of diabetes. In this study, we investigated the feasibility of bone marrow-derived cells to differentiate into beta cells in pancreas.Methods Using green fluorescent protein transgenic mice as donors, the distribution of haematogenous cells in the pancreas was studied after bone marrow transplantation.Results In the pancreas of green fluorescent protein chimeric mice, green fluorescent protein-positive cells were found in the islets, but none of these cells expressed insulin. Previous data has suggested that tissue injury can recruit haematopoietic stem cells or their progeny to a non-haematopietic cell fate. Therefore, low-dose streptozotocin (30 or 50 mg/kg on five consecutive days) was injected into the mice 5 weeks after bone marrow transplantation, but no green fluorescent protein-positive cells expressing insulin were seen in the islets or around the ducts of the pancreas.Conclusions/interpretation Our data suggests that bone marrow-derived cells are a distinct cell population from islet cells and that transdifferentiation from bone marrow-derived cells to pancreatic beta cells is rarely observed.Abbreviations STZ streptozotocin - EGFP enhanced green fluorescent protein - GP guinea-pig - vWF von Willebrand Factor - BrdU bromodeoxyuridine - GFP green fluorescent protein - IPGTT Intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test