双源CT在诊断右室双出口中的应用

【摘要】目的：探讨双源CT对右室双出口（DORV）的诊断价值及对复杂先心病解剖畸形的确诊价值。方法：回顾性分析17例经双源CT诊断并经心血管造影、手术等确认为右室双出口的病例资料。通过节段分析法分析内脏 心房关系、心房 心室连接、心室 大血管连接等内容,对DORV进行分型并确定解剖畸形,并与超声心动图进行对比。结果：17例DORV均经双源CT正确诊断,超声诊断正确14例。双源CT和超声对17例DORV分型分别为主动脉瓣下型10例、8例,肺动脉瓣下型4例、3例,双动脉瓣下型1例、1例,远离大动脉型2例、2例。双源CT确诊合并其他解剖畸形共15种47处,仅2处漏诊,1例未房间隔缺损,1例未动脉导管未闭。11例患者接受17次手术或封堵术治疗。结论：双源CT能对右室双出口准确诊断及分型,对外科手术具有重要指导价值。     

单发右位心的心血管造影与外科术后诊断对比研究

目的比较单发右位心的心血管造影与外科术后诊断,评价心血管造影诊断结果的准确性,探讨最佳的造影方法及投照体位.方法27例先天性单发右位心病例接受外科姑息性或根治手术治疗,回顾性分析其心血管造影资料（常规左、右室造影,其中8例行选择性心房造影,18例加行双斜位）,根据先天性心脏病节段分析法原则,将其与外科术后诊断进行对比研究.结果心血管造影诊断与外科术后诊断结果对比显示22例诊断基本一致,5例不一致,包括1例解剖校正型大动脉错位误诊为功能校正型大动脉错位,1例完全性大动脉错位误诊为功能校正型大动脉错位,1例单心室误诊为右室双出口（合并心房不定位误诊为心房正位）,2例解剖左室双出口误诊为功能校正型大动脉错位.结论单发右位心并复杂的心血管病畸形,因解剖复杂,在常规行双侧心室造影和正侧位造影基础上加行选择心房造影和双斜位造影,有利于达到准确诊断的目的.     

纠正型大动脉转位double switch术后超声心动图随访

目的:评估双调转术(double switch operation)治疗纠正型大动脉转位(corrected transposition of the great ar-tery,CTGA)的手术效果。方法:35例CTGA行Double switch术,其中Senning+ASO(大动脉调转术)20例,Senning+Rastelli术15例。采用回顾性研究的方法,术后1次或多次行超声心动图随访,平均随访(16.8±20.9)月,最长术后8年,最短术后1月。结果:术后右室心肌工作指数较术前明显下降,术后三尖瓣反流减轻。术后总的肺静脉梗阻发生率5.7%,腔静脉梗阻发生率2.8%,左心流出道梗阻发生率11.4%,右心流出道梗阻发生率11.4%,残余分流发生率17.1%。Senning+Rastelli组左室流出道梗阻发生率较高。结论:Double switch术可改善右室功能,减轻三尖瓣反流,术后残余分流及梗阻发生率较低,是治疗CTGA的理想手术方法。     

完全性肺静脉异位引流的外科矫治

目的总结完全性肺静脉异位引流(TAPVR)的外科治疗经验,以提高手术疗效。方法 22例患者中男10例,女12例。年龄2～14岁。心上型8例,心内型13例,混合型1例。全组均在中度低温体外循环下行TAPVR矫治术。结果手术死亡1例,死于术后严重低心排出量综合征;术后并发心律失常3例,呼吸道感染2例。结论完全性肺静脉畸形引流一经确诊应尽早手术。通过手术技术的改进心上法治疗心上型TAPVR,手术部位显露好,术后心律失常发生率低。TAPVR的外科矫治可取得满意的疗效。     

腔内修复术治疗复杂型Stanford B型急性主动脉夹层疗效分析

目的探讨腔内修复术治疗复杂型Stanford B型急性主动脉夹层(AAD)的安全性及有效性。方法回顾性分析自2002年4月至2016年2月于沈阳军区总医院心血管内科行腔内修复术治疗的99例复杂型急性Stanford B型AAD患者的临床资料,并分析其围术期特点及近、远期疗效。结果 99例患者均经腔内修复术治疗,98例成功植入支架,共植入支架104枚,其中,94例患者植入单支架,5例患者植入双支架。合并冠心病26例(26.3%),其中,7例(7.1%)合并严重冠状动脉狭窄,行经皮冠状动脉介入治疗,共植入冠状动脉支架8枚。7例(7.1%)患者在院死亡。在院期间无截瘫、脑卒中等并发症发生。77例患者获得随访,中位随访时间24个月。随访期间,9例(11.7%)患者死亡,其中,4例(5.2%)患者死于主动脉源性。1例(1.3%)患者因再发夹层再次行腔内修复术治疗。结论复杂型Stanford B型AAD病情凶险,预后差,应积极控制血压,进行主动脉腔内修复术治疗有利于降低病死率,有利于改善近远期预后,安全可行。     

单中心主动脉腔内修复术治疗Stanford B型主动脉夹层近远期疗效

目的总结应用主动脉腔内修复术治疗胸降主动脉夹层(Stanford B型)的经验并评价其近、远期疗效。方法收集2002年4月至2013年3月行主动脉腔内修复术治疗的Stanford B型主动脉夹层患者320例。行主动脉夹层腔内修复术后定期随访,评价术后1、3年死亡及并发症情况,包括内漏、脑血管事件、新发主动脉夹层、再次行主动脉腔内修复术等。结果主动脉腔内修复术操作成功率为100%。6例患者于术后死亡,对314例出院患者进行随访,1年随访率73.0%(229/314)。术后1年死亡12例(5.2%),其中,主动脉源性死亡6例,心源性死亡1例,脑源性死亡2例,肿瘤源性死亡2例,其他源性死亡1例。1年发生内漏3例,脑梗死2例,脑出血3例,新发主动脉夹层1例,再次行主动脉腔内修复术3例。3年随访率为69.4%(218/314)。术后3年死亡21例(9.6%),其中,主动脉源性死亡9例,心源性死亡2例,脑源性死亡5例,肿瘤源性死亡3例,其他源性死亡2例。3年发生内漏5例,脑梗死3例,脑出血6例,新发主动脉夹层5例,再次行主动脉腔内修复术5例。结论主动脉腔内修复术治疗Stanford B型主动脉夹层技术可行,安全性高,并发症少,1年、3年随访疗效满意,远期疗效需进一步随访观察。     

覆膜支架腔内修复术治疗主动脉病变的价值

目的:评价覆膜支架腔内修复术治疗主动脉病变的应用价值及临床意义。方法:21例主动脉疾病患者,包括:Stanford B型夹层13例(65%),真性动脉瘤3例(15%),假性动脉瘤2例(10%),弓降部穿透性溃疡1例(5%),胸主动脉瘤合并局限性夹层1例(5%),胸主动脉瘤合并Stanford B型夹层1例(5%),全部接受TSGP。共应用3种类型大动脉覆膜支架,分别为:美国锐乐(10例)、国产先健(10例)及COOK公司血管支架(1例)。结果:17例分别置入1个支架,2例分别置入2个支架,2例分别置入主体支架1个、短支架2个,所有支架释放成功率100%。患者无截瘫及瘤体破裂等严重并发症,无围手术期死亡。支架释放后即刻造影复查,19例无明显渗漏和假腔显影(90%);2例少许内漏,其中1例术后7 d CTA复查内漏消失,1例为Ⅱ型内漏,建议随访观察;1例术后8月随访,支架近端新发内漏并逐次增多。结论:TSGP治疗主动脉夹层、真性及假性动脉瘤、穿透性溃疡成功率高、创伤小,近中期效果良好,但远期随访及效果评价有待进一步观察。     

腹腔双套管持续冲洗负压引流治疗腹腔严重感染的效果

 目的 探讨腹腔双套管持续冲洗负压引流治疗腹腔严重感染的效果。方法 回顾性分析2012-09至2017-09武警广东总队医院收治的46例腹腔严重感染患者的临床资料。46例患者遵循损伤控制性外科(DCS)原则,在积极的液体复苏后急诊手术,以简便的手术方式控制感染源,清除腹腔内感染坏死组织,广泛冲洗腹腔,于肠破裂修补口或吻合口旁放置双套管行持续冲洗负压引流,术后在重症监护病房综合治疗。负压引流期间,观察双套管引流液的颜色、量及性状,动态检测血常规、C-反应蛋白及降钙素原,动态复查腹腔B超、CT。结果 46例中,死亡3例(6.5%),1例于24 h内因感染性休克并DIC死亡,另2例分别于术后2、5 d合并多脏器衰竭死亡;其余43例均治愈(93.5%),术后发生再次肠漏/吻合口漏2例,1例经双套管持续冲洗负压引流治愈,另1例经再次手术治愈,无因腹腔感染而再次手术者。结论 遵循DCS原则,应用双套管持续冲洗负压引流技术能提高腹腔严重感染患者的救治成功率,降低再次手术和病死率。     

腔内隔绝术治疗高风险腹主动脉瘤

目的评价腔内隔绝术治疗外科高风险腹主动脉瘤(AAA)的疗效及安全性。方法51例AAA患者行腔内隔绝术。按国际血管外科/心血管外科(SVS/ISCVS)手术风险评估方法分级,1级(较低风险)30例,2～3级(高风险)21例。根据术前CT及DSA资料合理选择支架。术后定期临床及CT影像随访,观察并发症及瘤体形态学变化。结果覆膜支架均顺利置入,技术成功率100%,术中及术后30 d无死亡。所有患者术后平均随访(29.1±20.5)个月,死亡1例(术后36 d),死因不详。主要并发症5例(9.8%),包括分支支架内血栓形成2例,股动脉切口局部并发症2例(血栓形成及淋巴管瘘),支架单臂脱位导致内漏增多1例。术后少量内漏10例(19.6%),其中5例随访期自行消失。结论腔内隔绝术治疗AAA,特别是外科高风险患者,近中期疗效满意。     

心室双入口彩色多普勒超声心动图特征及规律性研究

目的:探寻心室双入口(DIV)彩色多普勒超声心动图(CDE)特征及规律性。方法:应用CDE检查46例DIV,寻找CDE特征和规律性,所有病例均有心血管造影对照并经手术证实。结果:根据CDE特征表现对42例做出正确诊断,诊断准确率91.3%,3例误诊右心室双出口,1例误诊完全性大动脉转位。DIV的CDE特征和规律性明显:①在二维超声心动图(2DE)心尖四腔心切面显示房间隔回声完整,室间隔回声全部失落,收缩期显示两组房室瓣关闭,心内十字交叉消失,呈"T字形"改变,称2DE"T字征";舒张期显示两组房室瓣开向一个共同心室腔。彩色多普勒血流显像(CDFI)于舒张期显示两个心房内血流信号通过两组房室瓣进入一个共同心室腔;②根据2DE心尖四腔心切面共同心室腔表现确定DIV心室的类型,其中A型共同心室心内膜和肌小梁回声细腻(占76.1%),B型共同心室心内膜和肌小梁回声粗糙(占4.3%),C型共同心室心尖部显示球室嵴回声(占19.6%);③在2DE胸骨旁大动脉短轴切面判断大动脉的类型,其中Ⅰ型大动脉位置关系正常(占10.9%),Ⅱ型和Ⅲ型显示两条大动脉呈两个环状回声,通过两个环状回声相互位置关系判定转位的类型,其中Ⅱ型两个环状回声呈右前左后排列(占30.4%);Ⅲ型两个环状回声呈左前右后排列(占58.7%)。通过两环内径比较判定是肺动脉狭窄(PS)还是肺动脉高压(PH),其中PS肺动脉内径明显小于主动脉内径(占95.7%);PH肺动脉内径明显大于主动脉内径(占4.3%);④合并PS患者CDFI于收缩期显示过肺动脉五彩镶嵌射流束血流信号;⑤心室双入口患者男性(占78.3%)明显多于女性。结论:DIV的CDE特征及规律性明显,CDE对DIV有特异性诊断价值。     

MR anatomy of ventricular septal defect in double-outlet right ventricle with situs solitus and atrioventricular concordance

Surgical treatment of patients with double-outlet right ventricle (DORV) depends on the spatial relation between the associated ventricular septal defect (VSD) and the arterial valves. This study was performed to refine the magnetic resonance (MR) imaging characteristics of VSD in DORV. Ten patients with DORV underwent MR imaging. Coronal, transverse, and oblique images were obtained with an electrocardiographic-gated multiple-section spin-echo technique. The transverse plane was the most valuable in defining the spatial relation of the VSD to the arterial valves. The site of fusion of the outlet septum with the VSD margin was diagnostically the most important feature in differentiating subaortic from subpulmonary VSD. The outlet septum fused with the anterior margin in subaortic VSD and the posterior margin in subpulmonary VSD; it was absent in doubly committed VSD. This study suggests that MR imaging can demonstrate the pertinent features of VSD and may be an indispensable adjunct to echocardiography in the preoperative evaluation of patients with DORV.     

Pre-operative evaluation with MR in tetralogy of fallot and pulmonary atresia with ventricular septal defect

Purpose: To assess whether MR imaging could replace angiography in pre-operative evaluation of patients with tetralogy of Fallot and pulmonary atresia with ventricular septal defect (VSD), especially since the surgical correction was done earlier than was previously the rule.Material and Methods: Fourteen patients with tetralogy of Fallot (n=10) or pulmonary atresia with VSD (n=4), mean age 7.5±4.4 months, were evaluated with angiocardiography and MR before definitive surgical correction.Results: There was good diagnostic agreement between the two modalities when evaluating right ventricular outflow obstruction; 86% for valvular and 93% for supravalvular stenosis, but the agreement was somewhat lower for the subvalvular obstruction (57%). Surgery findings, however, were in favour of MR in 5 patients concerning the subvalvular right ventricular outflow tract obstruction. MR images identified all stenoses in the right and left pulmonary arteries, but overlooked one stenosis in the main pulmonary artery. MR could evaluate patency in all palliative shunts.Conclusion: Even in this young age group, MR imaging offers a good alternative to angiocardiography for the pre-operative evaluation of the right ventricular outflow tract, the main pulmonary artery and the proximal right and left pulmonary arteries, before definitive surgical correction of tetralogy of Fallot and pulmonary atresia with VSD.     

20例心脏大血管创伤后晚期后遗症的诊断与治疗

目的：报告心脏大血管创伤后晚期后遗症的诊断和治疗。方法：收集我科１９５４年６月～１９９５年４月治疗２０例心脏大血管损伤后遗症，其中穿入性损伤９例，闭合性损伤６例和医源性损伤５例。病变有瓣膜损伤８例，心脏异物５例，假性动脉瘤和动静脉瘘４例，右心室动脉瘤加心室间隔缺损（ＶＳＤ）、晚期心脏压塞和右下肺弹头、术后缩窄性心包炎各１例。施行手术早期取出心脏异物和心包腔引流４例。择期手术１５例，其中施行瓣膜替换术６例，瓣膜成形术２例，假性动脉瘤和动静脉瘘缝补术３例，心室间隔缺损加右心室室壁瘤缝补术、心腔内异物、血心包和缩窄性心包炎各１例。结果：１９例经手术治疗痊愈出院，１例因动脉导管结扎后假性动脉瘤，控制感染时突然瘤体破裂出血死亡。结论：早期诊断、早期或择期手术可取得良好效果。     

Double Outlet Right Ventricle: In-Depth Anatomic Review Using Three-Dimensional Cardiac CT Data

Double outlet right ventricle (DORV) is a relatively common congenital heart disease in which both great arteries are connected completely or predominantly to the morphologic RV. Unlike other congenital heart diseases, DORV demonstrates various anatomic and hemodynamic subtypes, mimicking ventricular septal defect, tetralogy of Fallot, transposition of the great arteries, and functional single ventricle. Because different surgical strategies are applied to different subtypes of DORV with ventricular septal defects, a detailed assessment of intracardiac anatomy should be performed preoperatively. Due to high spatial and contrast resolutions, cardiac CT can provide an accurate characterization of various intracardiac morphologic features of DORV. In this pictorial essay, major anatomic factors affecting surgical decision-making in DORV with ventricular septal defects were comprehensively reviewed using three-dimensional cardiac CT data. In addition, the surgical procedures available for these patients and major postoperative complications are described.     

Single-center experience with routine clinical use of 3D technologies in surgical planning for pediatric patients with complex congenital heart disease

PURPOSEThis study was planned to assess the application of three-dimensional (3D) cardiac modeling in preoperative evaluation for complex congenital heart surgeries.METHODSFrom July 2015 to September 2019, 18 children diagnosed with complex congenital heart diseases (CHDs) were enrolled in this study (double outlet right ventricle in nine patients, complex types of transposition of the great arteries in six patients, congenitally corrected transposition of the great arteries in two patients, and univentricular heart in one patient). The patients’ age ranged from 7 months to 19 years (median age, 14 months). Before the operation, 3D patient-specific cardiac models were created based on computed tomography (CT) data. Using each patient’s data, a virtual computer model (3D mesh) and stereolithographic (SLA) file that would be printed as a 3D model were generated. These 3D cardiac models were used to gather additional data about cardiac anatomy for presurgical decision-making.RESULTSAll 18 patients successfully underwent surgeries, and there were no mortalities. The 3D patient-specific cardiac models led to a change from the initial surgical plans in 6 of 18 cases (33%), and biventricular repair was considered feasible. Moreover, the models helped to modify the planned biventricular repair in five cases, for left ventricular outflow tract obstruction removal and ventricular septal defect enlargement. 3D cardiac models enable pediatric cardiologists to better understand the spatial relationships between the ventricular septal defect and great vessels, and they help surgeons identify risk structures more clearly for detailed planning of surgery. There was a strong correlation between the models of the patients and the anatomy encountered during the operation.CONCLUSION3D cardiac models accurately reveal the patient’s anatomy in detail and are therefore beneficial for planning surgery in patients with complex intracardiac anatomy.

Congenital heart diseases (CHDs), especially complex ventricular–arterial (VA) relationships (double outlet right ventricle [DORV], complex types of transposition of the great arteries [TGA], and congenitally corrected TGA [c-TGA]) are a heterogeneous and complex group of cardiac malformations. The planning of an optimal surgical repair of some of these pathologies requires a clear and complete understanding of spatial relationships; hence, they sometimes require advanced diagnostic imaging (1). It is important to reveal the anatomy and three-dimensional (3D) spatial relationships of cardiac structures before the ultimate decision is reached on whether to perform a single ventricular or biventricular repair.Before surgical procedures, the primary noninvasive and widely used diagnostic tool is echocardiography (2–4). While most decisions for treatment can be made with echocardiography (5), it may not be sufficient for decision-making in some complex CHDs, especially with complex VA relationships. In particular, the spatial relationship of great vessels and ventricular septal defects (VSD) is difficult to determine with echocardiography (6). Computed tomography angiography (CTA) has been widely used for the diagnosis of CHDs, and in some instances, it may eliminate the anatomical shortcomings of echocardiography (7). However, even CTA may not provide sufficient data on intracardiac anatomy, particularly regarding the relationship of VSD with great arteries (6). This, in turn, has resulted in an increased need for advanced diagnostic imaging and additional engineering techniques to achieve adequate presurgical planning, particularly before biventricular surgical repair.3D cardiac modeling (i.e., 3D virtual intracardiac modeling and printing techniques) is an innovative technology that involves computer-aided processing of 3D imaging data for physical outputs of virtual objects (8–10). More advanced 3D imaging can provide significant information on complex VA relationships and help to select the appropriate surgical procedure considering the complexity of the spatial planes in complex CHDs (11). The relationship between great vessels, VSDs, and semilunar valves can be clearly identified and the suitability of a left ventricular (LV)–aortic tunnel can be confirmed with 3D cardiac modeling (12). Numerous authors have reported the benefits of 3D cardiac modeling, and this approach has been a helpful diagnostic tool for presurgical decision-making in many centers worldwide (1, 13, 14). However, to our knowledge, there have been no studies conducted in our country examining the use of 3D cardiac model techniques (i.e., 3D virtual intracardiac modeling and printing techniques) for presurgical decision-making with complex CHDs. In this retrospective study, we share our experience with surgical planning based on 3D cardiac modeling for complex CHDs and introduce 3D cardiac modeling as a valuable tool in presurgical decision-making in complex CHDs to be adopted throughout the country.     

Evaluation of ventricular septal defects using high pitch computed tomography angiography of the chest in children with complex congenital heart defects below one year of age

BackgroundAim of this study was to assess the accuracy of ventricular septal defects (VSD) using high pitch computed tomography angiography (CTA) of the chest in children below 1 year of age, compared to the intraoperative findings and echocardiography.MethodsOut of 154 patients that underwent Dual-Source CTA of the chest using a high-pitch protocol at low tube voltages (70–80 kV), 55 underwent surgical repair of a VSD (median age 8 days, range 1–348 days). The margins of the VSDs and their relation to the surrounding structures were reproduced by en-face views using multiplanar reformations (MPR). Absolute diameter, normalized area and relative area compared to the aortic valve annulus were used for discrimination between restrictive and non-restrictive defects. Localization was classified into four subtypes. The results were compared to two-dimensional echocardiography and intraoperative findings.ResultsMedian absolute size of VSDs did not differ significantly between CTA-measurements (10.8 mm, range 2.8–18.1 mm) and intraoperative findings (12.0 mm, 3.0–25.0 mm, p = 0.09). Echocardiographic values were significantly lower (9.6 mm, 3.0–18.5 mm, both p < 0.01). The classification of the location and orientation matched the intraoperative situs in 96.4% of all cases using CT and in 87.3% using echocardiography. Echocardiography missed the relation to valves in 11% of all cases. Pre-interventional sensitivity and specificity for detection of a VSD were 97.2/98.9% compared to echocardiography. Median radiation dose was 0.32 mSv (range 0.12–2.00 mSv) and differed significantly between second and third generation Dual-Source CT (0.43 vs. 0.22 mSv, p = 0.003).ConclusionSize and subtype of VSDs can be accurately assessed by CTA of the chest in patients with complex congenital heart defects at a very low radiation dose.     

室间隔缺损心脏彩色多普勒超声与手术结果对比研究

目的：评价彩色多普勒超声心动图对室缺的定位及大小测量的准确性。方法：用彩超对123例室缺进行定位及大小测量,与手术结果进行对比分析。结果：彩超定位与手术结果完全符合者112例（91．06％）,基本符合者6例（4．88％）。不符合者5例（4．07％）。缺损大小的测量用分流的血流束过隔宽度与手术测量的缺损大小相近,而单用二维声像图测量的缺室大小则小于手术测值。结论：彩超对室缺的定位诊断及缺损大小的测量与手术结果密切相关。     

房室间隔缺损介入治疗失败后外科手术治疗的回顾性分析

目的探讨房室间隔缺损介入治疗失败后外科手术的原因及效果,以提高手术成功率。方法选择2000年1月至2007年12月接受经导管介入治疗房间隔缺损（ASD）和室间隔缺损（VSD）失败后,需行外科手术的13例病例进行回顾性分析。外科手术指征为封堵器脱落7例、Ⅲ&#176;房室传导阻滞（AVB）3例、瓣膜关闭不全2例（其中1例同时合并Ⅲ&#176;AVB）、残余漏1例、封堵失败1例。手术均在体外循环下进行,取出封堵器,修复心内畸形,术后入ICU监护。结果ASD介入治疗患者中,手术探查ASD直径平均31mm,较术前诊断的平均26mm增大,两者相比差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。ASD部位为中央型3例,下腔型6例,与术前诊断符合率为41.7%,不符合率为58.3%（P〉0.05）。3例Ⅲ&#176;AVB者术后均恢复窦性心律。心内畸形修复完善,无手术死亡。结论及时采取外科手术治疗介入封堵失败后并发症,效果良好,安全可靠,可避免治疗失败及术后并发症。     

MR imaging of double outlet right ventricle

Five patients with angiographically proven diagnosis of double outlet right ventricle (DORV) were studied with magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. Magnetic resonance was compared with angiography and echocardiography. Contiguous electrocardiographic-gated spin-echo images were acquired on a 0.35 T imager. Magnetic resonance was equivalent to echocardiography in demonstrating relative relationships of the great arteries with respect to each other, the relative positions of the great arteries with respect to the ventricular septal defect (VSD), and the caliber of the great vessels. It was comparable in visualization of the size and position of the VSD and position of the atrioventricular valves. Due to limited spatial resolution, MR failed to identify chordal straddle of a tricuspid valve and incorrectly interpreted pulmonary stenosis as pulmonary atresia. A small patch leak of an internal baffle was only visualized on angiography. We conclude that MR is superior to echocardiography in the noninvasive assessment of the spatial arrangement and caliber of the great vessels. As such, it is a useful adjunct to echocardiography in the noninvasive assessment of DORV.     

婴幼儿房、室间隔缺损的外科治疗

目的：探讨婴幼儿房，室间隔缺损（ADS，VSD）的外科治疗经验，方法：对1994－01－2000－12接受体外循环心内直视手术治疗的45例婴幼儿房，室间隔缺损病例进行回顾性分析，结果：婴幼儿房，室间隔缺损者常反复呼吸道感染，早期出现心衰及肺动脉高压，本组手术死亡1例，死亡率2．2％（1／45），无晚期死亡，结论：婴幼儿房，室间隔缺损合并肺动脉高压者应尽早手术，围手术期应加强心功能支持保护，呼吸道管理。