血清CA125、CEA、NSE及CYFRA21-1在肺癌中的诊断价值

目的探讨血清CA125、CEA、NSE及CYFRA21-1联合检测对肺癌的诊断意义。方法216例肺部肿瘤患者(包括肺癌179例,肺部良性病变37例),术前均常规放射免疫分析法检测血清中CA125、CEA、NSE及CYFRA21-1含量,依照术后病理诊断将患者分为肺癌组和肺部良性病变组,另选取30例健康志愿者,常规行血清CA125、CEA、NSE及CYFRA21-1检测,分析三组中各肿瘤标志物在血清中的含量以及单项检测、联合检测的敏感性和特异性,并行统计学分析。结果肺癌组血清CA125、CEA、NSE及CYFRA21-1含量与肺部良性病变组和健康对照组比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),四种肿瘤标志物联合检测的诊断价值明显提高。结论血清肿瘤标志物联合检测有利于肺癌的临床诊断。     

Study on the Correlation of MSCT Features and Tumor Markers and the Diagnostic Value of the Combined Detection for Pulmonary Carcinoma

目的 研究多层螺旋CT(multi-slice spiral computed tomography,MSCT)形态学特征与血清肿瘤标志物非小细胞肺癌抗原(lung tumor antigen,LTA)、癌胚抗原(carcino-embryonic antigen,CEA)、神经元特异性烯醇化酶( neuron-specific enolase,NSE)的关系和两种检测方法联合应用在肺癌诊断中的价值.资料与方法 64例经病理证实的肺部恶性病变和64例良性病变患者行MSCT扫描和血清肿瘤标志物LTA、CEA、NSE检测,MSCT扫描图像通过多种后处理技术重组全面观察恶性病变影像学特征,MSCT特征与血清肿瘤标志物进行对照分析.并对良恶性病变血清肿瘤标志物进行比较.结果 患者血清肿瘤标志物LTA、CEA、NSE与肿瘤大小、毛刺征、空泡征、实性结节、胸膜凹陷征、支气管截断征、胸腔积液无统计学意义,NSE、CEA与淋巴结转移无统计学意义(P＞0.05),LTA与淋巴结转移有统计学差异(P＜0.05).结论 MSCT形态特征和血清肿瘤标志物两种方法联合对肺部恶性病变鉴别具有重要意义.     

MSCT征象与肿瘤因子的关系及联合检测对肺癌诊断价值的研究

目的研究多层螺旋CT(multi-slice spiral computed tomography,MSCT)形态学特征与血清肿瘤标志物非小细胞肺癌抗原(lung tumor antigen,LTA)、癌胚抗原(carcino-embryonic antigen,CEA)、神经元特异性烯醇化酶(neuron-specific enolase,NSE)的关系和两种检测方法联合应用在肺癌诊断中的价值。资料与方法 64例经病理证实的肺部恶性病变和64例良性病变患者行MSCT扫描和血清肿瘤标志物LTA、CEA、NSE检测,MSCT扫描图像通过多种后处理技术重组全面观察恶性病变影像学特征,MSCT特征与血清肿瘤标志物进行对照分析。并对良恶性病变血清肿瘤标志物进行比较。结果患者血清肿瘤标志物LTA、CEA、NSE与肿瘤大小、毛刺征、空泡征、实性结节、胸膜凹陷征、支气管截断征、胸腔积液无统计学意义,NSE、CEA与淋巴结转移无统计学意义(P>0.05),LTA与淋巴结转移有统计学差异(P<0.05)。结论 MSCT形态特征和血清肿瘤标志物两种方法联合对肺部恶性病变鉴别具有重要意义。     

胸腔积液中肿瘤标志物的联合检测对肺癌的诊断价值

目的探讨胸腔积液和血清中癌胚抗原(CEA),神经元特异性烯醇化酶(NSE)和细胞角蛋白19片段(CYFRA21-1)联合检测在肺癌诊断中的临床价值。方法将127例胸腔积液患者分为两组,良性组58例,恶性组69例,分别对两组患者胸腔积液和血清中的CEA,NSE和CYFRA21-1进行测定,并对两组的测定结果进行比对分析。结果恶性组患者胸腔积液中的CEA,NSE和CYFRA21-1浓度均明显高于良性组,差异有统计学意义(t=16.3,5.9,8.5,P均<0.01);恶性组患者胸腔积液中的CEA,NSE和CYFRA21-1浓度均明显高于血清中的浓度,差异有统计学意义(t=4.91,5.23,6.11,P均<0.05);CEA,NSE和CYFRA21-1的联合检测在诊断肺癌的敏感度和特异度均明显高于单独某一项的检测,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论胸腔积液和血清中CEA,NSE和CYFRA21-1的检测对肺癌有一定的临床诊断价值,且三项肿瘤标志物联合检测能够明显提高肺癌诊断的特异度和敏感度。     

煤工尘肺合并肺癌CT征象与病理及肿瘤标志物相关性研究

目的：探讨煤工尘肺合并肺癌常见肿瘤标志物CEA、NSE、CYFRA21-1与肺癌的CT征象及病理类型之间的相关性。方法：分析经病理确诊的74例煤工尘肺合并肺癌患者的CT表现和血清肿瘤标志物。结果：按鳞癌联系强度依次为毛刺征、CYFRA21-1、充气征、分叶及空泡征存在直线相关与回归,P〈0．05。按腺癌联系强度依次为毛刺征、分叶征、CEA、支气管气相或空泡征、胸膜凹影、存在直线相关与回归,P〈0．005。小细胞癌5例与NSE存在直线相关与回归,P〈0．01。结论：CT联合应用血清肿瘤标志检测结果,可进一步提高尘肺合并肺癌诊断的准确率及检出率。     

呼吸系统肿瘤标志物检测的临床应用价值

目的探讨CEA、CYFRA21—1、NSE作为肺癌肿瘤标志物的临床意义。方法采用回顾性研究的方法研究200例肺良性疾病患者、13l例确诊肺癌患者血清CEA、CYFRA21—1、NSE水平。结果与肺良性疾病比较,肺癌患者血清CEA、CYFRA21-1、NSE水平显著升高（P〈0．001）。CYFRA21-1水平在非小细胞患者血清中显著高于小细胞患者（P〈0．05）。CEA水平在肺腺癌患者中显著高于其它病理类型肺癌患者（P〈O．01）。NSE水平在小细胞肺癌患者中显著高于非小细胞患者fP〈0．05）。CEA和CYFRA21-1水平在肺癌患者中具有较高的灵敏度（54％和53．7％）,CYFRA21—1在检测肺癌中具有较高的特异性（84％）,联合检测多种肿瘤标志物比单一检测某种肿瘤标志物具有更高的敏感度。结论血清CEA、CYFRA21-1、NSE是有助于诊断肺癌的标志物,联合检测标志物可提高诊断的灵敏度和准确度。     

TU M2-PK、NSE、CEA和CYFRA21-1联合检测对肺癌诊断的临床价值

目的:探讨肿瘤M2型丙酮酸激酶(tumor M2 pyruvate kinase,TU M2-PK)与神经元特异性烯醇化酶(NSE)、癌胚抗原(CEA)、细胞角质蛋白19片段(CYFRA21-1)联合检测对肺癌诊断的临床价值.方法:研究对象分3组,肺癌组、良性肺疾病(BLD)组和正常对照组.用酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)检测血浆TU M2-PK,电化学发光免疫分析法(ECLIA)检测血清NSE、CEA、CYFRA21-1,所有数据均由SPSS15.0版统计软件进行分析处理.结果:① 肺癌患者TU M2-PK、NSE、CEA、CYFRA21-1浓度和敏感度明显高于肺部良性疾病组和正常对照组(P<0.01);②TU M2-PK、NSE、CYFRA21-1和CEA四项联合检测的灵敏度和准确性高于单项检测(P<0.05).结论:TU M2-PK联合检测NSE、CEA和CYFRA21-1可提高肺癌检测的敏感性和准确性,是诊断肺癌有价值的组合方法.     

血清NSE、CYFRA21-1、CEA和 CA50联合检测在诊断肺癌中的临床意义

目的：探讨血清NSE、CYFRA21-1、CEA和CA50联合检测在诊断肺癌中的临床意义。方法选取2010年7月～2014年1月进行治疗的60例肺癌患者作为观察,另选60例其它良性肺部疾病患者作为对照组,两组均进行血清NSE、CYFRA21-1、CEA和CA50水平检测,研究血清NSE、CYFRA21-1、CEA和CA50联合检测在诊断肺癌中的临床意义。结果观察组（肺癌患者）4项检测的阳性率均高于对照组（良性疾病患者）,P＜0.05,具有统计学意义。结论血清NSE、CYFRA21-1、CEA和CA50检测对于肺癌的诊断和鉴别诊断具有重要的指导作用,联合检测可提高准确性。     

联合检测肿瘤标志物在肺癌诊断中的临床价值

目的 探讨肿瘤标志物CEA、CA125、神经元特异性烯醇化酶(NSE)、细胞角蛋白19片段抗原(CYFRA21-1)联合检测在肺癌中的诊断价值.方法 研究对象为2010年10月至2012年3月的确诊肺癌住院患者138例(男82例,女56例,平均年龄58.6岁),肺良性病变住院患者96例(男56例,女40例,平均年龄51.3岁);健康体格检查者45名(对照组,男30名,女15名,平均年龄43.9岁).用电化学发光法检测血清CEA、CA125、NSE和CYFRA21-1水平,各指标的组间比较采用单因素方差分析及q检验.按病理类型分组,对鳞状细胞癌[简称鳞癌(66例)]、腺癌(52例)和小细胞肺癌(20例)的肿瘤标志物水平进行比较,计算单项及联合检测对各类型肺癌的诊断效能.结果 肺癌组血清CEA、CA125、NSE、CYFRA21-1水平均高于肺部良性病变组和健康对照组[CEA:(19.99±30.99)、(10.78± 19.77)、(3.25±3.42) μg/L,CA125:(79.70±95.98)、(44.96±44.97)、(20.66±7.13) μg/L,NSE:(35.23±40.22)、(15.31±8.42)、(13.30± 5.65) μg/L,CYFRA21-1:(18.07±43.71)、(8.30±8.83)、(3.13±1.60) μg/L;F=4.481、5.436、4.776和6.002,均P＜0.05].CEA在腺癌中水平较鳞癌和小细胞肺癌高(F=4.932,P＜0.05),NSE在小细胞肺癌中水平较高(F=5.119,P＜0.05),CYFRA21-1在鳞癌中水平较高(F=5.378,P＜0.05).单项肿瘤标志物在肺癌诊断中灵敏度:鳞癌中CYFRA21-1灵敏度最高(78.8％,52/66),腺癌中CEA灵敏度最高(57.7％,30/52),而在小细胞肺癌中NSE灵敏度最高(75.0％,15/20).在联合检测中CEA+CYFRA21-1+ NSE组合对鳞癌诊断灵敏度最高(89.4％,59/66),腺癌诊断中CEA+CA125+NSE组合灵敏度最高(78.8％,41/52),小细胞肺癌中CEA+CYFRA21-1+NSE组合灵敏度最高(80.0％,16/20).结论 CEA、CA125、NSE、CYFRA21-1联合检测对肺癌的诊断有一定的临床价值,不同病理类型肺癌4种肿瘤标志物表达有所不同.     

联合检测血清肿瘤标志物对非小细胞肺癌的诊断价值

 目的 探讨CA153、细胞角蛋白19片段(CYFRA21-1)、神经特异性烯醇化酶(NSE)联合检测在肺肿瘤鉴别诊断中的临床价值。方法 88例非小细胞肺癌,31例小细胞肺癌,94例肺部良性疾病和92例健康人入选本研究,应用Cobras e601全自动电化学发光免疫分析仪检测肿瘤标志物,比较各组CA153、CYFRA21-1、NSE水平。结果 非小细胞肺癌组CA153、CYFRA21-1水平高于小细胞肺癌组、良性病变组和健康对照组(P<0.05)。而小细胞肺癌组NSE水平高于其他三组(P<0.05)。单一肿瘤标志物检测诊断非小细胞肺癌,CYFRA21-1的敏感性最高,NSE的特异性最高;3种肿瘤标志物联合应用可提高非小细胞肺癌诊断的敏感性和特异性。结论 CA153、CYFRA21-1、NSE的联合检测对非小细胞肺癌的诊断具有较大的价值。     

Study on the stability of the calibration and normalization in PET and the influence of drifts on the accuracy of quantification

With regard to the quality control of quantification in positron emission tomography some characteristics were examined, to develop a simple method for frequent monitoring. The stability and uniformity of the detector count rate was checked by plotting the RMS deviation of the non normalized count rate and the standard deviation of the normalized count rate, each normalized to its value after the calibration or normalization respectively. Switching off a single detector did not impair the image quality, but the normalized image pixel counts were reduced by 2%-3% when a detector block was switched off. Thus in case of need, a weak detector can still be used to perform a scan. A reduced count rate capability at specific activities above 5 x 10(4) Bq/ml (approximately 1.5 x 10(5) corrected true system counts/s or approximately 1.5 x 10(4)/s for a plane) was found compared to the maximum usable activity of 8 x 10(4) Bq/ml obtained 1 year earlier, indicating a drift in the count loss corrections. A variation of the room temperature changes the temperature distribution inside the gantry by 5% per degree C and the drift of the sensitivity (normalized image pixel counts) is 2% per degree C.     

Study on the stability of the calibration and normalization in PET and the influence of drifts on the accuracy of quantification

With regard to the quality control of quantification in positron emission tomography some characteristics were examined, to develop a simple method for frequent monitoring. The stability and uniformity of the detector count rate was checked by plotting the RMS deviation of the non normalized count rate and the standard deviation of the normalized count rate, each normalized to its value after the calibration or normalization respectively. Switching off a single detector did not impair the image quality, but the normalized image pixel counts were reduced by 2%–3% when a detector block was switched off. Thus in case of need, a weak detector can still be used to perform a scan. A reduced count rate capability at specific activities above 5x10⁴ Bq/ml (1.5x10⁵ corrected true system counts/s or 1.5x10⁴/s for a plane) was found compared to the maximum usable activity of 8x10⁴Bq/ml obtained 1 year earlier, indicating a drift in the count loss corrections. A variation of the room temperature changes the temperature distribution inside the gantry by 5% per °C and the drift of the sensitivity (normalized image pixel counts) is 2% per °C.This article was presented at the 1st EEC workshop on accuracy determination in PET, January 19–20th. 1989 Pisa, Italy (COMAC-BME Concerted Project Characterization and Standardization of PET Instrumentation)     

The influence of playing surfaces on the load on the locomotor system and on football and tennis injuries

The purpose of this paper is to discuss the influence of playing surfaces on the forces and moments acting on the human body and the injuries they may cause for 2 selected sports activities, American football and tennis. The review is based on data from the literature and from our own investigations. A review of the effect of sports surfaces on injuries in American football leads to the conclusion that surfaces with artificial turf produce non-severe injuries more frequently than surfaces with natural grass. However, severe injuries seem to occur as frequently on natural grass as on artificial turf. It has been speculated that the shoe-surface combination which determines the frictional forces is connected with the injury frequency, i.e. the higher the frictional resistance the higher the injury frequency. Tennis surfaces have been shown to influence the occurrence and frequency of tennis injuries dramatically. The injury frequency on 'clay' and 'synthetic sand' is significantly lower than on other selected artificial surfaces. It is speculated that the differences in injury frequency are directly related to the differences in the frictional properties of the surfaces. Surfaces with low frictional resistance are assumed to cause fewer injuries than surfaces with high frictional resistance. In general, it can be concluded that the frictional property of a surface is one of the main factors to be considered when studying the aetiology of acute and/or chronic pain and injury in sports. Compliance or stiffness of surfaces, surprisingly, could not be related to the frequency of injuries on particular playing surfaces. However, it is speculated that compliance properties of surfaces are a factor which must be considered when studying chronic injuries.     

增龄骨骼肌萎缩及运动对其影响机理的实验研究

用组化方法与Nothem分子杂交技术分析测定了增龄鼠肌纤维横截面积(CAS)与肌凝蛋白重链IIB型蛋白的基因表达和运动后上述两个指标的变化.结果显示增龄鼠肌纤维横截面积减小,表现出肌萎缩的特征.同时,肌凝蛋白重链IIB型蛋白的基因表达水平下降.运动后肌纤维横截面积增大,同时肌凝蛋白重链IIB型蛋白的基因表达水平升高.提示增龄骨骼肌萎缩的发生与其增龄后肌纤维蛋白的基因表达水平下降使肌纤维蛋白合成能力下降,导致肌肉萎缩.运动可以提高肌纤维蛋白的基因表达水平,来增加肌纤维的蛋白合成能力,增大CAS,从而减轻机体增龄或衰老后肌肉的萎缩程度.     

Effect of short-term space flights on the activity of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system and on the blood concentration of cyclic nucleotides and prostaglandins

After short-term flights renal excretion of aldosterone increased, thus suggesting its enhanced production and metabolism. An adequate increase of aldosterone synthesis was accompanied by an increase of its concentration in blood. An inadequate activation of mineralocorticoids manifested as a lower concentration of blood aldosterone and a greater excretion of aldosterone in the urine. These differences in the mineralocorticoid activity were determined by the renin-angiotensin system whose activity was associated not only with fluid-electrolyte metabolism but also with changes in the concentration of cyclic nucleotides and prostaglandins that reflect the vascular tone and sympatho-adrenal activity. An increased activity of the renin-angiotensin system seen in most cosmonauts at an acute stage of readaptation was correlated with a higher concentration of cAMP and a lower concentration of depressor prostaglandins. The activity of the renin-angiotensin system declined in parallel with the decrease of the blood content of cAMP.