单开门颈椎管扩大成形Centerpiece钛板内固定术治疗颈椎管狭窄症的早期临床疗效

目的:探讨单开门颈椎管扩大成形Centerpiece钛板内固定术治疗颈椎管狭窄症的早期临床疗效。方法:2009年8月～2010年6月采用后路C3～C7单开门椎管扩大成形Centerpiece钛板内固定术治疗颈椎管狭窄症患者30例,其中男性23例,女性7例,年龄42～81岁,平均65.2岁。MRI显示3个节段狭窄9例,4个节段狭窄15例,5个节段狭窄6例。以JOA评分(17分法)及其改善率评价术后神经功能改善情况;术后复查颈椎X线、CT及MRI,在术前及术后3d、6个月的颈椎侧位X线片上测量C5节段椎管矢状径,计算椎管扩大率[(术后椎管矢状径-术前椎管矢状径)/(术前椎管矢状径)×100%],评价椎管扩大和维持情况及门轴侧骨融合情况。结果:手术时间为145±20min,术中出血量为215±75ml,术中未出现相关并发症。1例术后第2天出现C5神经根症状,经2周保守治疗疼痛明显缓解,术后2个月时症状完全消失。随访9～20个月,平均14.6个月,术前JOA评分为8.7±0.8分,术后6个月为15.2±1.1分,改善率为(75±8)%。影像学复查示术后3d、6个月时颈椎管扩大满意,脊髓受压完全解除,C5节段椎管矢状径术前为9.2±0.8mm,术后3d、6个月均为15.9±1.2mm,椎管扩大率为(71.8±11.0)%。术后6个月时门轴侧均达骨性愈合,无1例出现关门及神经损害症状加重的情况。结论:单开门颈椎管扩大成形Centerpiece钛板内固定术是治疗颈椎管狭窄症的一种简便、安全的方法,早期疗效较满意。     

微型钛板改良单开门颈椎管扩大成形术治疗脊髓型颈椎病的临床效果

【摘要】〓目的〓评价微型钛板改良单开门颈椎管扩大椎板成形术治疗脊髓型颈椎病的临床效果。方法〓2008年1月~2012年2月,观察46例多节段脊髓型颈椎病(MCSM)行微型钛板改良单开门颈椎管扩大椎板成形术的脊髓型颈椎病患者,对比术前及术后JOA评分,在CT上测量C5节段椎管术前、术后6个月的矢状径,计算椎管扩大率[(术后椎管矢状径-术前椎管矢状径)/(术前椎管矢状径)×100%],观察单开门门轴侧骨融合情况。结果〓平均随访18个月(6~24个月)。术前平均JOA评分8.2分,术后平均JOA评分14.8分。C5节段椎管矢状径术前为8.6±1.1 mm,术后6个月为16.1±0.9 mm,椎管扩大率为(74.3±14.4)%。术后6个月,可以观察到单开门门轴侧骨融合,无螺钉松动及再“关门”现象。结论〓微型钛板改良单开门椎管成形术治疗脊髓型颈椎病临床效果满意,防止再关门。     

Centerpiece钛板在颈椎后路单开门椎管扩大成形术中的应用及疗效分析

目的 评价颈椎后路单开门椎管扩大成形术中Centerpiece钛板的临床应用及疗效。方法 自2010-03-2011-12采用Centerpiece钛板内固定术治疗34例颈椎疾患。结果 手术时间为（140±15）min,术中出血量为（275±25）ml。所有患者获得随访8-18个月,平均8.5个月,1例出现C5神经根麻痹,1例出现螺钉松动,5例出现轴性症状。术前JOA评分为（9.8±2.9）分,末次随访时为（15.3±1.1）分,改善率达（65.4±9.3）%。影像学复查示C5节段椎管矢状径术前（10.4±1.5）mm,末次随访时为（15.6±1.4）mm,椎管扩大率为（68.3±8.9）%。C5节段脊髓后移（3.13±1.82）mm,与术前比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。颈椎Cobb角术前为（13.1±1.6）°,末次随访时为（11.3±1.8）°,术前与末次随访时比较,差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。结论 Centerpiece钛板应用于颈椎单开门椎管扩大成形术安全有效,术后神经功能恢复良好,早期疗效满意。     

颈椎后路单开门椎管减压Centerpiece钛板内固定治疗多节段脊髓型颈椎病的早期疗效分析

目的探讨颈椎后路单开门椎管减压Centerpiece钛板内固定治疗多节段脊髓型颈椎病的早期临床疗效。方法回顾性分析自2010-08—2014-03行颈椎后路单开门椎管减压Centerpiece钛板内固定治疗的27例多节段脊髓型颈椎病。结果本组平均随访13.7个月。末次随访时JOA评分为(14.6±2.4)分,神经功能改善率(73.0±7.6)%。术后3 d复查颈椎MRI提示颈椎椎管明显扩大,颈髓压迫解除;颈椎三维CT检查未见单开门椎板塌陷以及椎板"再关门"颈髓受压的发生。铰链侧骨折缝隙消失时间为(5.7±1.2)个月,27例均达到骨性融合。术后3 d及术后6个月C5椎管矢状径无变化,均为(16.3±1.1)mm,椎管扩大率为(73.4±10.2)%。结论颈椎后路单开门椎管减压Centerpiece钛板内固定治疗多节段脊髓型颈椎病具有稳定的力学特点,可提供较稳定的固定,早期疗效满意。     

Centerpiece钛板在颈椎单开门椎管扩大成形术中的应用

目的探讨颈椎单开门椎管扩大成形术结合Centerpiece钛板固定术后的临床疗效。方法回顾分析2009年2月~2012年12月无锡市中医医院脊柱科应用颈椎单开门治疗的颈椎椎管狭窄症患者资料30例,其中Centerpiece钛板固定16例(钛板组),传统丝线悬吊14例(悬吊组)。观察2组患者术后神经功能改善情况;比较2组患者术前、术后2个月及末次随访时颈椎活动度、颈椎椎管矢状径、颈椎椎管横截面积。比较术后2个月及末次随访时开门角度的变化。结果经日本骨科学会(Japanese Orthopaedic Association,JOA)评分,2组术后2个月及末次随访与术前比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01)。2组患者颈椎活动度术前与术后2个月及末次随访相比,差异均无统计学意义。椎管矢状径、开门角度及椎管横截面积在末次随访与术后2个月比较中,钛板组差异无统计学意义;悬吊组差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论颈椎后路单开门结合Centerpiece钛板固定可良好保持开门椎板的稳定状态,维持开门角度以扩大椎管的容积,而传统丝线悬吊组椎板的稳定性在随访期内有所下降。     

Centerpiece钛板内固定在单开门颈椎管扩大成形术中的应用

目的:探讨Centerpiece钛板内固定在单开门颈椎管扩大成形术的临床应用。方法:自2009年1月至2010年12月采用单开门颈椎管扩大成形Centerpiece内固定术治疗颈椎管狭窄症患者25例,男16例,女9例;年龄44～75岁,平均(57.2±6.7)岁。其中多节段脊髓型颈椎病8例,颈椎后纵韧带骨化症12例,发育性颈椎管狭窄症5例。以JOA评分(17分法)及其改善率评价术后神经功能改善情况;术后复查颈椎X线、CT,在术前及术后6个月的颈椎侧位X线片上测量C5节段椎管矢状径,计算椎管扩大率,评价椎管扩大和维持情况及门轴侧骨融合情况。结果:手术时间为(165.5±35.6)min;术中出血量为(325.0±75.1)ml。随访时间6～18个月,平均(7.3±3.8)个月。术前JOA评分为9.3±1.1;术后6个月为14.7±2.1(t=4.12,P<0.05),JOA改善率为(64.5±10.2)%。术后随访X线片及CT示椎管扩大满意,门轴侧均骨性愈合,均未见椎板塌陷和再关门现象,术前C5节段椎管矢状径为(9.0±1.5)mm,术后6个月为(14.3±2.0)mm(t=7.61,P<0.05),椎管扩大率为(67.6±11.8)%。结论:Centerpiece钛板内固定应用在单开门颈椎管扩大成形术中是安全有效的,在抬起椎板获得即刻稳定的同时,可以恢复椎管的完整性。     

一期颈椎改良后路联合前路减压治疗不稳定型多节段脊髓型颈椎病

目的探讨一期颈椎改良后路联合前路减压植骨内固定治疗不稳定型多节段脊髓型颈椎病的近期疗效。方法对28例不稳定型多节段脊髓型颈椎病患者采用一期颈椎后路钉棒系统内固定、单开门减压联合前路椎间盘髓核摘除cage植骨钛板内固定术,手术前后测量椎管矢状径、颈椎曲度,进行JOA评分和疼痛VAS评分,评价神经功能恢复、疼痛改善情况等。结果患者均获得随访,时间12~24(16.24±3.52)个月。颈椎曲度:术前2.1°~9.0°(5.41°±3.81°),末次随访6.2°~11.2°(8.40°±2.41°);椎管矢状径:术前5.2~11.8(8.82±3.13)mm,末次随访11.4~16.8(13.81±2.32)mm;JOA评分:术前8.4~11.3(9.45±0.96)分,末次随访13~16(15.56±0.64)分;颈部VAS评分:术前3.6~6.6(4.96±1.50)分,末次随访1.0~2.6(1.77±0.80)分;上肢VAS评分:术前5.2~7.6(6.66±0.80)分,末次随访1.3~2.8(1.86±0.83)分;以上各项指标术后与术前比较差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。患者均未出现声音嘶哑、切口感染、切口下血肿、C5神经根麻痹、内固定塌陷、松动等并发症;2例术后出现轴性疼痛,予对症处理后2个月明显缓解;1例出现吞咽困难,予对症处理1周后好转。结论一期颈椎改良后路联合前路减压治疗不稳定型多节段脊髓型颈椎病的近期临床疗效满意。     

单开门椎管扩大成形微型钛板固定术治疗多节段脊髓型颈椎病的疗效观察

[目的]观察多节段脊髓型颈椎病颈后路单开门椎管扩大成形微型钛板固定术的治疗效果。[方法]选自2012年1月~2014年6月本院收治的多节段脊髓型颈椎病患者42例,观察患者术前术后JOA评分、神经功能改善率、椎管扩大、颈部轴性症状及C5神经根麻痹发生情况。采用t检验,定义P<0.05时差异具有统计学意义。[结果]所有患者均获得随访6~18个月,平均11.5个月。术前平均JOA评分(8.60±1.90)分,随访时平均JOA评分(13.12±1.88)分(P=0.001),神经功能改善率为28.57%~77.78%,1例出现轴性症状,颈部轴性症状发生率2.4%,C5神经根麻痹0例,术后测量X线片或CT、MRI椎管矢状径扩大7.1~10.9 mm,平均(9.48±0.83)mm。[结论]:多节段脊髓型颈椎病颈后路单开门椎管扩大成形微型钛板固定术治疗效果肯定,操作简单,减压效果好。     

颈椎单开门椎管成形术结合微型钛板内固定治疗多节段脊髓型颈椎病

目的：探讨颈椎后路微型钛板内固定结合单开门椎管成形术治疗多节段脊髓型颈椎病的临床效果。方法2008年3月至2011年10月山东大学齐鲁医院沂南分院采用单开门椎管成形术结合微型钛板内固定治疗34例多节段脊髓型颈椎病患者,对患者术前及术后3周、15个月日本骨科学会（JOA）评分、椎管矢状径、轴性症状严重程度、颈椎活动度（ROM）进行评估。结果所有患者获随访10～18个月,平均随访时间13个月。术后3周、15个月JOA评分及椎管矢状径较术前均明显提高（P＜0.05）;术后3周及15个月的JOA评分、椎管矢状径比较,差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。颈部轴性疼痛发生率12%。术后ROM较术前有所降低,但差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。结论颈椎后路微型钛板内固定结合单开门椎管成形术是治疗多节段脊髓型颈椎病安全有效的方法。     

后路单开门椎管扩大椎板成形术联合Neulen钛板内固定治疗多节段脊髓型颈椎病

目的探讨后路单开门椎管扩大椎板成形术联合Neulen钛板内固定治疗多节段脊髓型颈椎病(MCSM)的临床疗效。方法 2012年7月—2016年7月,61例MCSM患者在上海交通大学医学院附属第六人民医院接受后路单开门椎管扩大椎板成形术联合Neulen钛板内固定治疗。记录出血量、手术时间、日本骨科学会(JOA)评分、神经功能改善率、颈椎椎管矢状径、椎管扩大率、门轴侧骨愈合情况、颈椎轴性症状及围手术期并发症发生情况。结果所有手术均顺利完成,手术时间为(112.4±22.8)min,出血量为(322.8±92.8)mL。61例患者随访(3.4±1.9)年,JOA评分由术前的(9.8±2.8)分提高到末次随访时的(15.2±1.9)分;末次随访时神经功能改善率为(75.3±9.7)%;末次随访时轴性症状评分为(3.2±1.5)分,优35例、良25例、可1例。颈椎椎管矢状径由术前的(8.5±1.4)mm扩大到术后的(15.1±2.3)mm,椎管扩大率为(77.6±6.8)%;所有患者门轴侧椎板均骨愈合,无内固定断裂、松动及再关门现象发生。结论后路单开门椎管扩大椎板成形术联合Neulen钛板内固定治疗MCSM,可获得满意的临床疗效,具有即刻稳定开门椎板,有利于门轴侧椎板融合,维持椎管扩张状态,防止再关门现象发生等优点。     

Anterior cervical foramenotomy for cervical radiculopathy

Anterior cervical discectomy (ACD) is standard practice for cervical radiculopathy. Irrespective of the precise method used, it involves more or less complete disc removal with resultant anatomical and biomechanical derangements, and frequently the insertion of a bone or prosthetic graft. Anterior cervical foramenotomy is an alternative procedure that allows effective anterior decompression of the nerve root and lateral spinal cord, whilst conserving the native disc, preserving normal anatomy and movement, and protecting against later degeneration at adjacent spaces as far as possible. The aim of the study was to determine the safety and efficacy of anterior cervical foramenotomy in the treatment of cervical radiculopathy and took the form of a prospective study of 21 cases under the care of a single surgeon. All patients had a single level or two level anterior cervical foramenotomy. All had pre- and postoperative visual analogue scores for arm and neck pain, arm strength, sensation and overall use. A comparison between patients' perceptions and surgeon's observations was also made. Patients were followed up for between 10 and 36 months. Sixty-eight per cent completed full pre- and postoperative assessments. Twenty-eight per cent of the responders had complete arm pain resolution. There were statistically significant reductions in arm and neck pain, and overall disability. The surgeon's impression of improvement paralleled that of the patients. There was one complication with discitis. Anterior cervical foramenotomy is a safe and effective treatment for cervical radiculopathy caused by posterolateral cervical disc prolapse or uncovertebral osteophyte, and might also reduce adjacent segment degeneration.     

Posterior cervical laminoplasty formultilevel cervical spine stenosis

Cervical laminoplasty for treating multilevel spinal stenosis appears to be a good surgical alternative to the more traditional laminectomy or anterior decompression and fusion. This procedure avoids the morbidity associated with extensive anterior procedures and also appears not to be associated with late kyphosis, which can be seen in patients after a laminectomy. This review outlines the rationale, indications, contraindications, and early clinical results for patients undergoing a posterior laminoplasty.     

微创前路经上位椎体椎间孔减压术治疗神经根型颈椎病

【摘要】 目的：探讨微创前路经上位椎体椎间孔减压术治疗神经根型颈椎病的有效性。方法：2008年7月~2010年7月12例单侧神经根型颈椎病患者在延边大学医院接受微创前路经上位椎体椎间孔减压术。其中男7例,女5例,年龄为35~68岁,平均49岁。椎间孔狭窄部位：C5/6 4例,C6/7 5例,C7/T1 3例。软性髓核突出3例,钩椎关节骨质增生7例,突出的髓核钙化2例。均行前路手术,术中采用脊柱手术专用显微镜,在病变上位椎体确定钻孔起始部位,利用高速钻石气钻磨出一约6mm直径的通路达到病变区域,减压椎间孔。观察术前及末次随访时上肢放射性疼痛的VAS评分、颈椎功能障碍指数（NDI）及病变水平椎间盘高度。结果：手术时间为56~110min,平均86±6min;术中失血量为40~120ml,平均92±8ml。无椎动脉损伤、贺纳氏综合征、喉返神经损伤等并发症。术后随访时间为12~23个月,平均15.8±1.3个月。术前上肢疼痛VAS评分为8.5±0.5分（7~10分）,末次随访时为1.4±0.2分（0~3分）,两者比较有显著性差异（P<0.05）;术前NDI为26.4±1.3分（22~31分）,末次随访时为4.2±0.6分（3~8分）,两者比较有显著性差异（P<0.05）,改善率为84.1%;术前病变水平椎间盘高度为5.4±0.7mm（4.2~6.1mm）,末次随访时为4.9±0.7mm（3.6~5.8mm）,两者比较无显著性差异（P>0.05）。术后满意度为100%。结论：微创前路经上位椎体椎间孔减压术可减少对椎间盘的损伤,是治疗单侧神经根型颈椎病的有效手术方法。     

Alternating cervical laminoplasty for cervical spondylotic myelopathy

We present a novel method of performing an 'open-door' cervical laminoplasty. The complete laminotomy is sited on alternate sides at successive levels, thereby allowing the posterior arch to be elevated to alternate sides. Foraminotomies can be carried out on either side to relieve root compression. The midline structures are preserved. We undertook this procedure in 23 elderly patients with a spondylotic myelopathy. Each was assessed clinically and radiologically before and after their operation. Follow-up was for a minimum of three years (mean 4.5 years; 3 to 7). Using the modified Japanese Orthopaedic Association scoring system, the mean pre-operative score was 8.1 (6 to 10), which improved post-operatively to a mean of 12.7 (11 to 14). The mean percentage improvement was 61% (50% to 85.7%) after three years. The canal/vertebral body ratio improved from a mean of 0.65 (0.33 to 0.73) pre-operatively to 0.94 (0.5 to 1.07) postoperatively. Alternating cervical laminoplasty can be performed safely in elderly patients with minimal morbidity and good results.     

前路颈椎椎间盘切除融合术与动态装置植入术治疗单节段颈椎椎间盘突出症

目的对比前路颈椎椎间盘切除融合术(ACDF)与颈椎前路动态装置植入术(DCI)对单节段颈椎椎间盘突出症(CDH)患者颈椎活动度(ROM)及术后颈椎曲度的影响。方法回顾性分析2018年6月—2019年9月海军军医大学长征医院收治的78例单节段CDH患者临床资料,其中42例采用ACDF治疗(ACDF组),36例采用DCI治疗(DCI组)。记录并比较2组患者手术时间、术中出血量,术前及术后1年日本骨科学会(JOA)评分、疼痛视觉模拟量表(VAS)评分、手术节段Cobb角、C2~7颈椎曲度、邻近椎体高度及颈椎各运动方向(前屈后伸、左右侧曲、左右旋转)的ROM。结果所有手术顺利完成。2组术中出血量比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。DCI组手术时间比ACDF组短,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。2组患者术后1年JOA评分、VAS评分和邻近椎体高度均较术前改善,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);组间比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。术后1年ACDF组C2~7颈椎曲度、手术节段Cobb角均较术前有所丢失,DCI组无明显丢失,组间比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。术后1年2组前屈后伸、左右侧曲ROM与术前比较均未出现明显变化,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。术后1年2组左右旋转ROM出现了相近程度的受限,与术前比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);组间比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论ACDF与DCI治疗单节段CDH均可获得满意的临床效果,虽然ACDF术后影像学资料显示有生理曲度的丢失,但颈椎ROM维持良好,并不影响患者的生活质量。     

颈椎不稳在交感型颈椎病发病中的作用

目的：研究交感型颈椎病的病理因素及治疗方法。方法：回顾分析了1988-2000年收治的20例手术治疗的交感型颈椎病患者。根据术前及术后颈椎伸屈侧位X光片判断有无颈椎不稳。结果：20例患者术前均有颈椎不稳,颈椎不稳主要发生在C3-C4和C4-C5,颈椎高位硬膜外封闭对大部分患者有短期效果。每例患者均于不稳节段行颈前路融合术,手术有效率为90％。结论：颈椎不稳是导致交感型颈椎病发病的重要因素;颈椎高位硬膜外封闭可有短期疗效因此具有重要的诊断价值;颈椎前路植骨融合术是治疗交感型颈椎病的有效方法。     

Percutaneous cervical nucleoplasty and percutaneous cervical discectomy treatments of the contained cervical disc herniation

Background  

There were no studies in literature to compare the clinical outcomes of percutaneous nucleoplasty (PCN) and percutaneous cervical discectomy (PCD) in contained cervical disc herniation.     

Anterior cervical microforaminotomy for cervical radiculopathy--results and review

Analysis of anterior cervical microforaminotomy performed at the North Staffordshire University Hospital along with a review of literature of this minimally invasive procedure is presented. METHODS: A retrospective-prospective study was performed on 34 patients (24 males, 10 females) with cervical disc disease who had been surgically treated with anterior cervical microforaminotomy between 1999 and 2005. Age ranged from 37 to 75. MRI findings were disc prolapse in 28 and additional osteophytes in six. Microforaminotomy was performed according to the published technique. RESULTS: Single level operations were performed in 22 patients (21 unilateral, 1 bilateral) and multi-level operations were performed in 12 patients (7 unilateral and 5 bilateral). The short-term outcomes were excellent in 65% (i.e., complete resolution of all symptoms), good in 29% (relief of radiculopathy but some non-radicular discomfort persists), and fair in 6% (mild residual radiculopathy with or without non-radicular symptoms). Postoperative complications include one patient with partial C6 root damage, which was identified intraoperatively, but had excellent results at 2 months post operation. Long-term follow-up (using the cervical spine research society questionnaire) ranged from 2-48 months. The average pain score, neurological outcome and functional outcome improved after this operation. RE-OPERATION: One patient, who had 2 level bilateral surgeries, needed discectomies with fusion for new onset myelopathy 18 months later. CONCLUSION: Appropriate patient selection is cardinal in achieving good outcome in anterior microforaminotomy.     

Postoperative instability of cervical OPLL and cervical radiculomyelopathy

The presence of cervical spine instability with respect to preoperative and postoperative changes in angular, horizontal, and rotational displacement of the vertebral body were studied. With the anterior approach, the instability in the remaining unfused segments, and their relation to the kyphotic or lordotic fused segment were studied. With the posterior approach, postoperative ROM (range of motion) could be better maintained, and horizontal displacement was improved in more cases by laminoplasty compared with laminectomy. With the anterior approach, the compensatory function for the loss of motion of the segments resulting from fusion was most remarkable at the levels of C2-3 and C6-7. In the alignment of the anterior fused segments, it appears important that the physiologic lordotic position be maintained.