我国卫生技术评估决策转化现状及影响因素的定性研究

目的探讨我国卫生技术评估研究人员对卫生技术评估决策转化现状和影响因素的看法,为加强我国卫生技术评估决策转化提供参考。方法运用关键知情人访谈法,对从事卫生技术评估研究的相关人员进行访谈。共访谈22名从事卫生技术评估研究的相关人员。结果访谈对象普遍认可决策转化,并在选取课题时考虑决策需要,采用多种方式与决策者进行沟通,从而促进研究结果转化。但多数被访者对决策程序缺乏了解,所在的研究机构也缺乏决策转化相关培训和激励措施。选题缺乏主动性,仍沿用传统传播方式,缺乏转化的主动性和创新性,总体研究质量不高。决策转化的影响因素包括研究人员选题的重要性、紧迫性和可行性,其所处的研究机构类型,对政策制定的了解程度,与决策者沟通的畅通程度,研究结果的产出方式,在语言转换方面所做的努力以及研究质量、决策环境等。结论目前,我国卫生技术评估决策转化尚处于起步阶段,研究人员需加强与决策人员的沟通,建立传播推广机制,加强对决策程序的了解,增强语言转换等。     

中国卫生技术评估决策转化现状及影响因素的定性研究

目的本研究旨在通过对中国卫生技术评估决策转化现状的定性研究,探索中国卫生技术评估决策转化的影响因素,为卫生技术评估在中国卫生政策制定中发挥更大的作用提供建议。方法通过关键知情人访谈收集信息,对收集到的定性资料进行主体框架法分析。结果定性分析帮助梳理了卫生技术相关决策部门的决策证据来源、决策者参与研究的主要方式、决策者需要的证据产出形式、决策者对卫生技术评估的认知、卫生技术评估与政策的融合程度和转化程度,共梳理了9个卫生技术评估决策转化的影响因素。结论中国卫生技术评估决策转化目前尚处于初级阶段,应注意对决策     

卫生技术评估研究结果产出方式的偏好分析

目的 比较研究人员和决策人员对卫生技术评估研究结果产出方式的偏好程度的差异,为扩大卫生技术评估研究的决策使用提供依据.方法 采用问卷调查的方法,收集研究人员和决策人员对不同卫生技术评估研究结果产出方式的评价,运用统计描述的方法,对偏好差异进行描述分析.结果 研究人员和决策人员对卫生技术评估研究结果的产出方式偏好有所差异;在不同行政单位、不同行政级别以及不同教育程度的决策者之间,对产出方式的偏好也存在不同;而不同职称、不同教育程度的研究者,所偏好的成果产出方式则较为一致.结论 进一步强化研究方与决策方之间的沟通交流,根据不同决策人员的需求采取合适的产出方式,加强机构对卫生技术评估结果决策转化的支持,逐步完善激励机制,并强化卫生技术评估结果向广大社会公众的传播.     

影响卫生技术评估研究成果决策转化因素的作用机制研究

目的 :系统分析影响我国卫生技术评估研究成果向决策转化因素的作用机制。方法 :从研究者与决策者相结合的角度,运用扎根理论构建影响卫生技术评估研究成果决策转化因素的作用机制理论模型,并运用结构方程模型对上述理论模型进行验证。结果 :通过扎根理论与结构方程模型的验证与进一步修正,发现研究与决策方的机构因素以及个人因素通过双方的沟通交流因素对成果转化情况产生影响,其效应值分别为0.30和0.23;双方沟通交流因素作为中介变量对研究成果转化产生影响,其效应值高达0.78;研究与决策需求因素对成果转化情况产生直接影响,其效应值为0.12。结论 :研究方与决策方的交流对于决策转化的成效起到重要的作用,因此,在加强相关培训、促进卫生技术评估研究人员与决策人员对于循证决策认知的同时,促进双方的沟通交流显得尤为重要。     

研究者视角的中国卫生技术评估决策转化现状分析

目的 从研究人员视角描述中国卫生技术评估相关研究向决策转化的现状,并分析其中可能存在的影响因素,为促进我国卫生技术评估向决策转化提供建议.方法 采用问卷调查法和文献检索法,在全国范围内调查研究人员,收集研究人员对我国卫生技术评估现状、研究结果的政策转化和利用情况等观点.结果 研究共调查了382名研究人员.调查结果显示.尽管研究人员充分认可研究成果向政策转化的必要性,并且在进行选题时已经对决策转化有所考量,但多数卫生技术评估研究仍停滞在学术阶段,多数研究人员仅提交报告并在学术期刊上发表文章,仍缺乏决策转化的实际行动.此外,部分研究者未能获得充足的研究经费和时间,研究机构对卫生技术评估研究所给予的支持仍显不足,这些也是影响卫生技术评估向决策转化的重要原因.结论 有必要建立卫生技术评估研究必要的规范,以统一并提高研究质量,为决策转化打下坚实的基础：并完善卫生技术评估的研究系统,以保障研究经费、高素质的研究人员、多样化的研究成果传播渠道.     

卫生技术评估决策转化的影响因素

目的:从研究者视角,描述我国卫生技术评估决策转化现状,挖掘卫生技术评估决策转化过程中的影响因素,为加强卫生技术评估决策转化利用提出建议。方法:采用问卷调查的方法收集数据,并运用logistic回归模型对卫生技术评估决策转化过程中的影响因素进行分析,探寻各变量和决策转化之间的关系。结果:共回收问卷382份,其中,有效回收353份,有效回收率92.4%。统计结果发现研究的政策相关性、研究人员对于转化的信心、研究人员与卫生技术使用部门的沟通情况、研究人员与决策部门对课题目标设定的沟通情况以及课题成果的传播和沟通对卫生技术评估决策转化有重要影响。结论:建议鼓励研究人员在今后研究成果的转化利用中发挥积极能动性,重视研究人员和技术使用部门的沟通,加强研究与政策需求之间的相关度,加强研究和决策双方的沟通以及合作重视知识中介的作用。     

我国卫生技术评估与决策转化研究概述

卫生技术评估在国际上已经得到广泛应用,并成为各国卫生决策的重要组成部分,发挥着越来越重要的作用。本文通过描述卫生技术的相关利益方,回顾卫生技术评估及转化的国际经验及潜在的影响因素,在结合我国卫生技术评估政策转化实际情况的基础上,提出了卫生技术评估知识转化程度测量、政策决策方和卫生技术评估研究方影响知识转化的因素挖掘以及转化程度测量等研究设想。     

卫生技术评估认知与需求现况调查

目的 了解浙江省卫生技术及管理人员对卫生技术评估(HTA)的认知和需求,为进一步开展HTA工作提供建议.方法 采用问卷调查与访谈相结合的方法对3家医院,1家公共卫生机构,8家卫生行政机构的102位运用HTA结果的潜在使用者和22位决策者进行了调查.结果 被调查者认为卫生技术相关政策法规在卫生技术信息来源最为重要,卫生技术临床疗效在用于决策的卫生技术相关信息中最为重要,相关研究质量太差是影响卫生技术评估的最大障碍.结论 浙江省卫生技术及管理人员对于HTA有一定的认知与需求,但关注度不够,针对遇到的障碍提出了HTA进一步发展的建议.     

发展我国卫生技术评估的政策建议

为避免卫生技术应用和推广带来的负面影响,在卫生技术生命周期中的产生、发展、成熟、进一步推广应用、淘汰等多个阶段需要开展相应卫生技术评估研究,为决策提供科学依据。建议成立专司卫生技术评估的政府部门及协调专家委员会,构建与技术成长周期相适应的分工协作机制,明晰各部门职责;进一步完善卫生技术评估的选题机制;建立以技术评估为证据、专家评议为形式的评审制度和以公共经费支持为主的技术评估委托机制;逐步提高卫生技术评估研究的质量,促进卫生技术评估信息的传播利用、决策转化。     

日本卫生技术评估机制建设研究与启示

以日本药品和医疗器械机构(PMDA)为例,通过对日本卫生技术评估机制的研究,分析日本卫生技术评估机构的功能定位、运行机制以及日本卫生技术评估在药品、医疗器械评估中的应用,总结出日本卫生技术评估机制具有绩效评价完善、目标定位清晰以及专业化精准发展的特点以及存在的卫生技术评估决策被动转化的问题,为我国当前卫生技术评估的机构建设、机构运行、功能发挥以及决策转化机制的完善提供参考与启示。     

Canada's health promotion survey as a milestone in public health research

This commentary describes the contribution of the 1985 Canadian National Health Promotion Survey to the development of public health research and policy-making in Canada and argues that on the basis of that contribution, it should be considered to be a public health research milestone. In terms of research, among its contributions which subsequently have been adopted in other survey studies were: going beyond risk factors to operationalize concepts implicit in the Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion; empowering users to participate in knowledge translation, sharing and transfer; ensuring sufficient sample sizes for each jurisdiction to be able to confidently generalize to its population; establishing a model as well as questions for subsequent health surveys; encouraging widespread use of data through making them available early; and developing and using an explicit social marketing strategy to reach target audiences, including the general public. With regard to policy-making, among its contributions which have been adopted were: using survey data to develop and enhance healthy public policy initiatives; encouraging researchers to work with policy-makers in developing policies; using survey data to contribute to the evaluation of public health initiatives; engaging policy-makers in the development of surveys; and encouraging the use of survey data for advocacy.     

Maximizing the impact of systematic reviews in health care decision making: a systematic scoping review of knowledge-translation resources

Context: Barriers to the use of systematic reviews by policymakers may be overcome by resources that adapt and present the findings in formats more directly tailored to their needs. We performed a systematic scoping review to identify such knowledge‐translation resources and evaluations of them. Methods: Resources were eligible for inclusion in this study if they were based exclusively or primarily on systematic reviews and were aimed at health care policymakers at the national or local level. Resources were identified by screening the websites of health technology assessment agencies and systematic review producers, supplemented by an email survey. Electronic databases and proceedings of the Cochrane Colloquium and HTA International were searched as well for published and unpublished evaluations of knowledge‐translation resources. Resources were classified as summaries, overviews, or policy briefs using a previously published classification. Findings: Twenty knowledge‐translation resources were identified, of which eleven were classified as summaries, six as overviews, and three as policy briefs. Resources added value to systematic reviews by, for example, evaluating their methodological quality or assessing the reliability of their conclusions or their generalizability to particular settings. The literature search found four published evaluation studies of knowledge‐translation resources, and the screening of abstracts and contact with authors found three more unpublished studies. The majority of studies reported on the perceived usefulness of the service, although there were some examples of review‐based resources being used to assist actual decision making. Conclusions: Systematic review producers provide a variety of resources to help policymakers, of which focused summaries are the most common. More evaluations of these resources are required to ensure users’ needs are being met, to demonstrate their impact, and to justify their funding.     

The development of health technology assessment

The field of health technology assessment (HTA) is still relatively new, but it has shown remarkable growth over the last decade, having spread first from the United States to Europe, and now to the entire world. HTA seeks to couple evidence with decision-making, and thus has similarities to evidence-based health care and evidence-based policy-making. The early history of HTA, beginning around 1975, reveals a first period of synthesising available evidence-principally that dealing with efficacy and cost-effectiveness of health care interventions-so as to put it in a format helpful to health policy-makers, especially those in national governments. From 1985 or so, the focus of the second period was on seeking more effective links with these policy-makers, particularly in Europe. The most recent period, beginning in the late 1990s, has been increasingly devoted to more effective dissemination and implementation in order to influence administrators and clinicians. While early assessments tended to focus on large, expensive, machine-based technologies, the scope has gradually widened to include smaller technologies, 'softer' technologies (such as counselling), and health care needs. Actual assessments have also taken on broader issues, such as organisational, social, and ethical implications. In the Member States of the European Union (EU), HTA activities are increasingly visible, and almost all now have a national focus for HTA associated with the Ministry of Health or its equivalent. Central and Eastern European countries are also developing HTA activities. Most recently, HTA has been highlighted by health policy documents from the European Commission. It seems likely that HTA will in the future be institutionalised in some form as part of EU activities.     

金砖五国卫生技术评估应用比较研究

卫生技术评估(HTA)能够为医疗卫生服务提供可靠决策依据。结合文献及国内外卫生技术评估网站的相关资料,从HTA的机构设置、职责范围、资金来源、流程等方面,对金砖五国HTA情况进行梳理和比较分析发现,金砖五国HTA发展水平不一,各国处于HTA发展的不同阶段。其中,巴西和中国的HTA体系发展较为完善,南非发展较为缓慢。金砖五国的HTA发展面临着缺乏专业知识、医疗卫生体系不健全等挑战,需加快发展步伐;巴西、中国仍需进一步加大政府投入,完善HTA体系建设评估指南,提升HTA研究能力;印度应扩大HTA评估网络,提高评估流程的透明度和客观性;南非需加快建立HTA机构。     

我国卫生技术评估研究成果向决策转化的理论模型构建

在目前我国深入医药卫生体制改革的时代背景下,卫生技术评估领域开展了大量研究,如何顺利地实现相关研究成果向卫生政策的转化,成为亟待解决的重要问题。本文主要从知识转化的定义入手,回顾了在研究和实践中较多运用的三个知识转化理论模型,在此基础上提出了我国卫生技术评估研究成果向决策转化的理论模型,重点挖掘研究方和决策方影响转化的因素,并为促进研究成果的决策转化提出增进研究方和决策方之间的沟通交流、建立研究成果向决策转化的激励机制等建议。     

Impact of health technology assessment implementation with a special focus on middle-income countries

ObjectivesBuilding an efficient health technology assessment (HTA) system requires significant effort and political commitment, in addition to human and financial resources. Expectations of what HTA can offer to middle-income countries (MICs) are continuously rising, which drives health policymakers to raise the question of whether HTA could help secure the financial sustainability needed to implement universal health coverage. In this study, we explored the impact HTA adoption may have on the countries and its impact on health system objectives, as well as transferability of benefits and drawbacks observed in higher-income to middle-income countries.MethodsWe utilized secondary data from a systematic literature review and primary data by disseminating a survey among local stakeholders in three MICs across three continents to capture their perspective on the impact of HTA implementation from a local context.ResultsIt was evident from the results of both the literature review and survey that the positive impacts of HTA implementation outweigh the negative impacts. Most of the reviewed literature discussed the impact of HTA on the intermediate objectives of the health finance policy in relation to the broad health system goals. According to the survey respondents, the most evident benefit of HTA implementation is improving the transparency and accountability of healthcare decisions.ConclusionsOverall, HTA implementation can introduce a myriad of benefits to healthcare systems in MICs as well. Our findings show that while HTA implementation may have the potential to generate cost savings in specific areas, there is no guarantee that HTA can generate savings at the macro level.Public Interest SummaryHealth technologies (medicines, devices, and interventions) are rapidly increasing in complexity and cost. Health Technology Assessment (HTA) guides healthcare decision-makers in choosing the most suitable, effective, affordable, and acceptable health technology to invest limited healthcare resources. However, healthcare decision-makers in middle-income countries (MICS) are still uncertain about whether adopting HTA would help them achieve the financial sustainability needed to achieve universal health coverage.Thereforewe sought to gather evidence on how HTA has affected the health systems of countries that have already adopted it by reviewing published research reports. In addition, healthcare decision-makers from three MICs were questioned about their perception of how HTA implementation will affect their country's health system.Wefound that the positive effects of HTA implementation outweigh the negative ones; specifically, the transparency and accountability of decisions are improved. However, although HTA implementation may generate cost savings in specific areas, it may not significantly contribute to overall financial sustainability.     

A survey of Australian public attitudes towards funding of high cost cancer medicines

BackgroundIn the past decade many novel, and in some cases transformative, cancer medicines have entered the market. Their prices and the amount spent on them by governments have increased rapidly, bringing to the forefront trade-offs that must be made. In this paper we explore the Australian public’s attitude towards the funding of high cost cancer medicines (HCCM) to inform reimbursement and health technology assessment (HTA) policy.MethodsA survey consisting of 49 questions about the funding of HCCMs was developed by the investigators. Recruitment was conducted via Qualtrics. 1039 Australian adults completed the survey.ResultsThe Australian public overwhelmingly supports funding of HCCMs (95.5 %) to enhance equity of access (97.8 %), and to respond to patients’ needs (98 %). When respondents were challenged to balance equity versus access in different contexts inconsistencies emerged. Different demographic factors were important in predicting support for various strategies.ConclusionOur results suggest that the Australian public strongly supports government funding of HCCMs and values both equity and access. Equally, however, the public is uncertain about how equity and access are to be balanced and achieved, and such ambivalence needs to be both further explored and accommodated in policy processes. Our results may be used by policymakers in Australia, and countries with similar systems and values, to further develop policies and processes for funding HCCMs.     

Assessing the impact of health technology assessment in The Netherlands

OBJECTIVES: Investments in health research should lead to improvements in health and health care. This is also the remit of the main HTA program in the Netherlands. The aims of this study were to assess whether the results of this program have led to such improvements and to analyze how best to assess the impact from health research. METHODS: We assessed the impact of individual HTA projects by adapting the "payback framework" developed in the United Kingdom. We conducted dossier reviews and sent a survey to principal investigators of forty-three projects awarded between 2000 and 2003. We then provided an overview of documented output and outcome that was assessed by ten HTA experts using a scoring method. Finally, we conducted five case studies using information from additional dossier review and semistructured key informant interviews. RESULTS: The findings confirm that the payback framework is a useful approach to assess the impact of HTA projects. We identified over 101 peer reviewed papers, more than twenty-five PhDs, citations of research in guidelines (six projects), and implementation of new treatment strategies (eleven projects). The case studies provided greater depth and understanding about the levels of impact that arise and why and how they have been achieved. CONCLUSIONS: It is generally too early to determine whether the HTA program led to actual changes in healthcare policy and practice. However, the results can be used as a baseline measurement for future evaluation and can help funding organizations or HTA agencies consider how to assess impact, possibly routinely. This, in turn, could help inform research strategies and justify expenditure for health research.