便携式多功能微电脑输液仪的研制与应用

便携式多功能微电脑输液仪的研制与应用北京军区司令部门诊部王莉我们研制的便携式多功能微电脑输液仪，通过微电脑软件对输液中各种参数实施全面控制，以微型泵为动力源，配以多路传感器实施监控，实现了医疗护理输液技术的自动化监测和控制。该仪器与国内外同类产品相比...     

颅脑损伤昏迷患者促醒治疗方法的研究现状

颅脑损伤引起的昏迷是外科治疗的难点之一，昏迷时间越长其死亡率越高，因此，促醒颅脑损伤昏迷患者以提高其生存率极为重要。随着临床科研的快速进展，对颅脑损伤昏迷患者的促醒治疗不断深入，出现多种促醒方法，包括多感觉刺激治疗、神经电刺激治疗、高压氧治疗、针灸治疗以及亚低温治疗等。旨在将这些方法的研究现况进行相关综述。     

Bear 1000呼吸机的原理与故障维修

1 呼吸机的分类 呼吸机按动力的不同分为手动，气动和电动；按吸-呼切携方式不同：定压（压力切换）、定容（容量切换）、定时（时间切换）；按调控方式不同：简单、微电脑控制。Bear 1000呼吸机属于电动及微电脑控制。     

微电脑颈椎牵引治疗仪治疗颈椎病

作者近两年对75例颈椎病患者采用非手术综合治疗。平均年龄45岁,病程2个月至3年。治疗对象随机分成观察组和对照组。观察组40例患者在用药物治疗基础上,加用微电脑颈椎牵引。对照组35例采用单纯服药治疗。1～2疗程后判断疗效。观察组总有效率90％,经统计学处理,P<0.01。微电脑颈椎牵引具有以下特点。功能全,有8种牵引方式供选择,牵引过程中,通过反复性拉紧和放松,对项肌起到按摩作用,增加局部血液供应,可使颈椎病存在的肌力失衡造成的椎间小关节微小错位得以恢复;微电脑颈椎牵引可以避免以往持续性牵引带来的疲劳感。     

微电脑控制频闪喉镜仪的研制

本文介绍了一种微电脑控制频闪光源,跟踪声带振动频闪喉镜仪。在观察声带振动的同时具有测量声带发声频率的功能。其输出可与摄录像系统连接,以组成电视频闪喉镜系统。经对临床100例声带病变者的应用,表明该仪器有利有喉部疾病的早期诊断。     

微电脑前列腺治疗仪研制

介绍微电脑前列腺脉冲式水囊按摩药渗仪的研制、临床应用及治疗机理研究。     

LD—3C型微电脑激光粉尘仪及其质量浓度转换系数K值的测定

“公共场所空气中可吸入颗粒物(PMl0)测定方法—光散射法”己作为卫生部标准正式发布实施。本介绍了为执行该标准新研制的LD一3C型微电脑激光粉尘仪的性能指标和技术特点，并通过介绍激光粉尘仪质量浓度转换系数K值的测定实例，说明该仪器在公共场所空气质量检测中应用的可行性。     

LD-3C型微电脑激光粉尘仪及其质量浓度转换系数K值的测定

“公共场所空气中可吸入颗粒物(PM10)测定方法—光散射法”已作为卫生部标准正式发布实施。本介绍了为执行该标准新研制的LD-3C型微电脑激光粉尘仪的性能指标和技术特点，并通过介绍激光粉尘仪质量浓度转换系数K值的测定实例，说明该仪器在公共场所空气质量检测中应用的可行性。     

颅脑手术后持续性植物状态患者促醒性治疗的临床研究

目的 探讨临床药物促醒性治疗的疗效预测方法,旨在建立脑电图反应性与颅脑手术后持续性植物状态患者预后的关系.方法 回顾性分析行药物促醒性治疗的颅脑手术后持续性植物状态43例患者的临床资料.给予患者盐酸纳美芬微量泵持续泵入,观察用药前后脑电图频谱变化情况.结果 43例患者经药物促醒性治疗后有13例促醒成功,30例促醒失败.促醒成功患者脑电图频谱变化程度为0.63±0.26,明显高于促醒失败患者的0.12±0.11,差异有统计学意义(t=9.179,P＜ 0.01).按Synek脑电图分级标准Ⅲ级28例患者经治疗后有10例促醒成功,促醒成功率为35.7％( 10/28);Ⅳ级15例患者经治疗后有3例促醒成功,促醒成功率为20.0％ (3/15),Ⅲ级和Ⅳ级患者的促醒成功率比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 通过观察患者用药前后脑电图频谱变化情况大致评价颅脑手术后持续性植物状态患者的预后,弥补了按Synek脑电图分级分析预后的不足,同时可以指导促醒性治疗的药物选择.     

微电脑多关节牵引床的构造及应用

介绍微电脑多关节牵引床的结构、工作原理和操作方法。     

肝移植术后桥脑中央髓鞘溶解症常规MRI及DWI表现

目的：探讨肝移植术后桥脑中央髓鞘溶解症的临床和MRI表现,提高诊断水平。方法：3例原位肝移植术后患者分别于术后3～21d出现神志不清、嗜睡、双下肢肌力减低等表现,均于2d内行MRI扫描,总结MRI表现及诊断要点。结果：MRI表现为桥脑中央对称性稍长T1、较长T2信号,DWI均为高信号,ADC为低信号。2例病灶累及大脑皮层,1例并发基底节脑脓肿？2例患者35d和2个月后复查MRI,病变范围明显变小,边界变清,DWI为等信号、结论：肝移植患者电解质紊乱可导致桥脑中央髓鞘溶解症,MRI具有典型的表现,根据MRI可做出正确诊断。     

Central neurogenic hyperventilation associated with a pontine infarction

Central neurogenic hyperventilation in patients with a normal level of consciousness is uncommon. This condition occurs in bilateral pontine tegmental lesions, particularly tumors such as CNS lymphomas and glioma, as well as traumatic lesions. The physiopathological mechanisms are unknown and no there is no effective treatment for this entity. We report a case of central neurogenic hyperventilation associated to a unilateral basal pontine infarction.     

桥脑腔隙性梗死的临床分析

目的研究桥脑腔隙性梗死的临床和影像学特征，提高社区医生对其识别能力。方法回顾性分析初次发病24h内发病的脑梗死患者51例，在72h内完成磁共振弥散加权成像（DWI），符合脑桥腔隙性梗死（LacunarPontineInfarction，LPI）诊断标准，根据发病一月时改良的Rankin残障量表（roBs）评分，分为转归不良组（mRs〉2分10例，占52．26％）与转归良好组（mRs≤2分21例）。分析患者的临床表现、肱共振表现和危险因素。结果23（74．19％）例表现为不同程度偏瘫，入院时NIHSS为4．70±5．11，第5d为4．66±5．40，第7d为5．80±2．98，出院时为5．29±2．61，不同时间段NIHSS评分无明显差别（p〉0．05），6（19．35％）例有早期运动障碍加重。结论腔啉陛脑桥梗死患者有部分运动进展，部分患者1个月是预后不良。     

Pontine myelinolysis after a hypoglycemic episode

A case of central pontine myelinolysis following hypoglycemia is reported. The case was a 26- year-old female. Diabetes mellitus was found when she was 8 years old and she has hypertension and renal failure. She suffered a severe hypoglycemia at an unknown time. After the episode she developed a vegetative state. A magnetic resonance scan showed features consistent with the presence of central pontine myelinolysis.     

Central pontine myelinolysis in a patient with anorexia nervosa.

Myelinolysis may occur as a severe complication of eating disorders, especially anorexia nervosa (AN). One of the most important reasons can be a rapid correction of hyponatremia caused by tubulopathy, water intoxication (WI), or abuse of diuretics in individuals with AN. METHOD AND RESULTS We report on a 24-year-old female patient with an 8-year history of AN. A rapid correction of severe hyponatremia and hypokalemia induced by WI led to central pontine myelinolysis, which was confirmed by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examination. Besides affective lability, incoherence, and an acute confusional state, surprisingly, no severe neurological symptoms emerged. CONCLUSION: Thus, physicians should be aware of the risk of pontine myelinolysis with new psychiatric symptoms emerging in the absence of obvious neurological deficits.     

MR images of gliomas

MR images of 55 gliomas (23 malignant gliomas, 16 Grade I-II astrocytomas, 7 oligodendrogliomas, 5 pontine gliomas, 2 central neurocytomas and 2 ependymomas) were reviewed. Histological diagnosis was obtained in all of these gliomas. Morphologic appearance and signal intensities of each glioma were evaluated on T1 and T2 weighted images. Nearly isointensity areas which correspond to enhanced areas on CT scans were observed in all malignant gliomas, and 19 of 23 malignant gliomas (83%) showed heterogeneous intensities on MR images. On the other hand, 12 of 16 benign astrocytomas (75%), 5 of 7 oligodendrogliomas (71%) and all of 5 pontine gliomas showed homogeneous intensities. All of central neurocytomas and ependymomas were shown as a solid tumor with cysts and heterogeneous intensities. In conclusion, although MR images without Gd-DTPA seemed not to be superior to contrast CT in differentiating malignant gliomas from benign one, it appears significant to know some tissue characteristics on MR images of gliomas in differentiating from the other brain tumors.     

Alcoholism, hyponatraemia and central neurological damage: more than pontine myelinolysis?

Three patients with alcoholism and severe hyponatraemia are described. Permanent neurological damage occurred in each case with cerebral, cerebellar or pontine damage from infarction or haemorrhage following correction of the biochemical disturbance. No patient developed Central Pontine Myelinolysis (CPM), the condition usually associated with profound hyponatraemia and its correction.     

AN UNUSUAL CASE OF CENTRAL PONTINE MYELINOLYSIS

Central pontine myelinolysis (CPM) is a rare complication ofalcoholism. There have been recent reports that hyponatremiaand its rapid correction are of aetiological significance inthe development of CPM. We describe the case of a 47-year-oldalcoholic who developed CPM and subsequently recovered. Alcoholicand psychiatric patients are at risk for CPM and cliniciansneed to have a high index of suspicion to diagnose this condition.     

Central pontine and extrapontine myelinolysis after alcohol withdrawal

Central pontine myelinolysis (CPM) and extrapontine myelinolysis (EPM) are well-recognized syndromes that are related to various conditions such as rapid correction of hyponatremia and chronic alcoholism. We report a very case of a patient with dysarthria, dysphagia and psychiatric symptoms including abnormal behavior starting after alcohol withdrawal, with radiological evidence of CPM and EPM. There was little improvement in the dysarthria or psychiatric symptoms in the first month.     

老年人脑干梗死的临床与影像学分析

目的探讨老年人脑干梗死的病因,临床特点及影像学表现。方法总结51例脑干梗死的患者的病因,临床及CT、MRI特点。结果以高血压、糖尿病、高脂血症等为主要病因,症状复杂多样,多发部位在脑桥。结论脑干梗死的主要临床表现复杂多样,典型者有颅神经损害及交叉征,非典型者早期诊断困难,易被误诊及漏诊,MRI确诊脑干梗死有独特的优越性。